指标（Indicator）由三大关键组件组成：
1. 实现你指标的类
2. 在ACAlgorithm基类中的Helper方法，用于简化对你指标实现的调用。
3. 测试方法用于测试指标的表现。
为了实现一个指标，上述所有组件需要实现。下面的教程会带你浏览这些组件。我们将会使用 AroonOscillator作为案例。我们不会去介绍指标的基本概念。
1. 实现你的指标（Implementing Your Indicator）
你的指标类应该在工程根下的QuantConnect.Indicators项目下实现。它必须是一个单独的类，不能缩写，名如“AroonOscillator.cs”。第一步
指标必须是下面指标基类的一个派生：
Indicator – 如果你的指标只需要单个值（例如ExponontialMovingAverage），你就可以用Indicator作为基类。
TradeBarIndicator – 如果你的指标需要用到TradeBars，那么你的指标必须是由TradeBarIndicator类扩展而来的。（例如AroonOscillator）。
WindowIndicator - 如果你的指标需要一个rolling window of data（数据的滚动窗口），那么你就要继承这个类。（例如Minimum）。
所有的指标都必须实现下面四个组件，为了在Lean中正常运作。
Constructor – 实现你的构造函数，用于接收和保存必要的指标配置信息。例如Aroon指标需要Aroon Up 和 Aroon Down值。
IsReady – 它是一个Boolean值，用于指示算法是否有了充足的历史价格数据用于算出指标的值。Aroon只有当有了n个周期的样本数据后才能开始计算。
ComputeNextValue()- 用提供的数据，计算和返回下一个指标的值。这里是你实现指标具体算法的地方。
保持可扩展性
Aroon作为案例是非常有代表性的，它有多个属性，Aroon-Up和Aroon-Down。这两个值在计算Aroon的时候都需要用到，但只有delta（up – down）会返回。这个例子中的dela叫做Aroon Percentage(比例)。许多指标会有一个主值（Primary value），多个属性，用于交易决策。
为了处理这些情况-每个属性都应该作为子指标（sub-indicator）。你可以查看下AroonOscillator.cs的源码。Aroon创建了AroonUp，AroonDown指标作为属性。这使得你可以单独的使用这些子指标。
例如下面的代码：
var smaAroonUp = sma.Of( aroon.AroonUp )
就直接用属性（子指标）。
现在我们贴出AroonOscillator的代码：
using QuantConnect.Data.Market;
namespace QuantConnect.Indicators
{
///
/// The Aroon Oscillator is the difference between AroonUp and AroonDown. The value of this
/// indicator fluctuats between -100 and +100. An upward trend bias is present when the oscillator
/// is positive, and a negative trend bias is present when the oscillator is negative. AroonUp/Down
/// values over 75 identify strong trends in their respective direction.
///
public class AroonOscillator : TradeBarIndicator
{
///
/// Gets the AroonUp indicator
///
public IndicatorBase AroonUp { get; private set; }
///
/// Gets the AroonDown indicator
///
public IndicatorBase AroonDown { get; private set; }
///
/// Gets a flag indicating when this indicator is ready and fully initialized
///
public override bool IsReady
{
get { return AroonUp.IsReady && AroonDown.IsReady; }
}
///
/// Creates a new AroonOscillator from the specified up/down periods.
///
///
The lookback period to determine the highest high for the AroonDown ///
The lookback period to determine the lowest low for the AroonUp public AroonOscillator(int upPeriod, int downPeriod) : this(string.Format("AROON({0},{1})", upPeriod, downPeriod), upPeriod, downPeriod) { } /// /// Creates a new AroonOscillator from the specified up/down periods. /// ///
The name of this indicator ///
The lookback period to determine the highest high for the AroonDown ///
The lookback period to determine the lowest low for the AroonUp public AroonOscillator(string name, int upPeriod, int downPeriod) : base(name) { var max = new Maximum(name + "_Max", upPeriod + 1); AroonUp = new FunctionalIndicator(name + "_AroonUp", input => ComputeAroonUp(upPeriod, max, input), aroonUp => max.IsReady, () => max.Reset() ); var min = new Minimum(name + "_Min", downPeriod + 1); AroonDown = new FunctionalIndicator(name + "_AroonDown", input => ComputeAroonDown(downPeriod, min, input), aroonDown => min.IsReady, () => min.Reset() ); } /// /// Computes the next value of this indicator from the given state /// ///
The input given to the indicator /// A new value for this indicator protected override decimal ComputeNextValue(TradeBar input) { AroonUp.Update(input.Time, input.High); AroonDown.Update(input.Time, input.Low); return AroonUp - AroonDown; } /// /// AroonUp = 100 * (period - {periods since max})/period /// ///
The AroonUp period ///
A Maximum indicator used to compute periods since max ///
The next input data /// The AroonUp value private static decimal ComputeAroonUp(int upPeriod, Maximum max, IndicatorDataPoint input) { max.Update(input); return 100m * (upPeriod - max.PeriodsSinceMaximum) / upPeriod; } /// /// AroonDown = 100 * (period - {periods since min})/period /// ///
The AroonDown period ///
A Minimum indicator used to compute periods since min ///
The next input data /// The AroonDown value private static decimal ComputeAroonDown(int downPeriod, Minimum min, IndicatorDataPoint input) { min.Update(input); return 100m * (downPeriod - min.PeriodsSinceMinimum) / downPeriod; } /// /// Resets this indicator and both sub-indicators (AroonUp and AroonDown) /// public override void Reset() { AroonUp.Reset(); AroonDown.Reset(); base.Reset(); } } }
2 在QCAlgorithm中安装Helper方法
在你实现了indicator（指标）之后，i需要将它安装到基类中。指标可以手工的创建和更新，不过我们加你使用helper方法，这样后面使用起来会简单很多。在Aroon的案例中，实现是在AroonOscillator类，但它的helper方法是在QCAlgorithm中。这个helper方法—AROON—总是是大写的，总是返回一个指标实现类的实例对象。
public AroonOscillator AROON(string symbol, int upPeriod, int downPeriod, Resolution? resolution = null) {
var name = CreateIndicatorName(symbol, string.Format("AROON({0},{1})", upPeriod, downPeriod), resolution);
var aroon = new AroonOscillator(name, upPeriod, downPeriod);
RegisterIndicator(symbol, aroon, resolution);
return aroon;
}
在helper方法中，你需要创建你指标的一个唯一的名字，使用你指标实现类的构造函数去构造一个指标实例，将其注册（注册后意味着指标的值会随着symbol（指定证券）的价格数据变动而自动的变动）。
3 创建测试方法
3.1 准备测试数据
将准备好的测试数据放到QuantConnect.Tests\TestData目录下。3.2 写测试类
在QuantConnect.Tests\Indicators下面。可以拷贝已经有的进行改写。using System;
using NUnit.Framework;
using QuantConnect.Data.Market;
using QuantConnect.Indicators;
namespace QuantConnect.Tests.Indicators
{
[TestFixture]
public class AroonOscillatorTests
{
[Test]
public void ComparesWithExternalData()
{
var aroon = new AroonOscillator(14, 14);
TestHelper.TestIndicator(aroon, "spy_aroon_oscillator.txt", "Aroon Oscillator 14",
(i, expected) => Assert.AreEqual(expected, (double)aroon.Current.Value, 1e-3));
}
[Test]
public void ResetsProperly()
{
var aroon = new AroonOscillator(3, 3);
aroon.Update(new TradeBar
{
Symbol = "SPY",
Time = DateTime.Today,
Open = 3m,
High = 7m,
Low = 2m,
Close = 5m,
Volume = 10
});
aroon.Update(new TradeBar
{
Symbol = "SPY",
Time = DateTime.Today.AddSeconds(1),
Open = 3m,
High = 7m,
Low = 2m,
Close = 5m,
Volume = 10
});
aroon.Update(new TradeBar
{
Symbol = "SPY",
Time = DateTime.Today.AddSeconds(2),
Open = 3m,
High = 7m,
Low = 2m,
Close = 5m,
Volume = 10
});
Assert.IsFalse(aroon.IsReady);
aroon.Update(new TradeBar
{
Symbol = "SPY",
Time = DateTime.Today.AddSeconds(3),
Open = 3m,
High = 7m,
Low = 2m,
Close = 5m,
Volume = 10
});
Assert.IsTrue(aroon.IsReady);
aroon.Reset();
TestHelper.AssertIndicatorIsInDefaultState(aroon);
TestHelper.AssertIndicatorIsInDefaultState(aroon.AroonUp);
TestHelper.AssertIndicatorIsInDefaultState(aroon.AroonDown);
}
}
}
