基于Enterprise Library PIAB的AOP框架已经在公司项目开发中得到广泛的使用,但是最近同事维护一个老的项目,使用到了Enterprise Library 2,所以PIAB是在Enterprise Library 3.0中推出的,所以不同直接使用。为了解决这个问题,我写了一个通过方法劫持(Method Interception)的原理,写了一个简易版的AOP框架。(如果对PIAB不是很了解的读者,可以参阅我的文章MS Enterprise Library Policy Injection Application Block 深入解析[总结篇])。 Souce Code下载:http://files.cnblogs.com/artech/Artech.SimpleAopFramework.rar
一、如何使用?
编程方式和PIAB基本上是一样的,根据具体的需求创建相应的CallHandler,通过Custom Attribute的形式将CallHandler应用到类型或者方法上面。下面就是一个简单例子。
1: class Program
2: {
3: static void Main(string[] args)
4: {
5: string userID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
6: InstanceBuilder.Create<UserManager, IUserManager>().CreateDuplicateUsers(userID, Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
7: Console.WriteLine("Is the user whose ID is \"{0}\" has been successfully created! {1}", userID, UserUtility.UserExists(userID) ? "Yes" : "No");
8: }
9: }
10:
11: public class UserManager : IUserManager
12: {
13: [ExceptionCallHandler(Ordinal = 1, MessageTemplate = "Encounter error:\nMessage:{Message}")]
14: [TransactionScopeCallHandler(Ordinal = 2)]
15: public void CreateDuplicateUsers(string userID, string userName)
16: {
17: UserUtility.CreateUser(userID, userName);
18: UserUtility.CreateUser(userID, userName);
19: }
20: }
21: public interface IUserManager
22: {
23: void CreateDuplicateUsers(string userID, string userName);
24: }
在上面例子中,我创建了两个CallHandler:TransactionScopeCallHandler和ExceptionCallHandler,用于进行事务和异常的处理。也就是说,我们不需要手工地进行事务的Open、Commit和Rollback的操作,也不需要通过try/catch block进行手工的异常处理。为了验证正确性,我模拟了这样的场景:数据库中有一个用户表(Users)用于存储用户帐户,每个帐户具有唯一ID,现在我通过UserManager的CreateDuplicateUsers方法插入两个具有相同ID的记录,毫无疑问,如果没有事务的处理,第一次用户添加将会成功,第二次将会失败。反之如果我们添加的TransactionScopeCallHandler能够起作用,两次操作将在同一个事务中进行,重复的记录添加将会导致事务的回退。
在ExceptionCallHandler中,会对抛出的SqlException进行处理,在这我们仅仅是打印出异常相关的信息。至于具有要输出那些信息,可以通过ExceptionCallHandlerAttribute的MessageTemplate 属性定义一个输出的模板。运行程序,我们会得到这样的结果,充分证明了事务的存在,错误信息也按照我们希望的模板进行输出。
二、设计概要
同PIAB的实现原理一样,我通过自定义RealProxy实现对CallHandler的执性,从而达到方法调用劫持的目的(底层具体的实现,可以参阅我的文章Policy Injection Application Block 设计和实现原理)。下面的UML列出了整个框架设计的所有类型。
- ICallHandler:所有CallHandler必须实现的接口。
- CallHandlerBase:实现了ICallHandler的一个抽象类,是自定义CallHandler的基类。
- HandlerAttribute:所有的CallHandler通过相应的HandlerAttribute被应用到所需的目标对象上。HandlerAttribute是一个继承自Attribute的抽象类,是自定义HandlerAttribute的基类。
- CallHandlerPipeline:由于同一个目标方法上面可以同时应用多个CallHandler,在运行时,他们被串成一个有序的管道,依次执行。
- InterceptingRealProxy<T>:继承自RealProxy,CallHandlerPipeline最终在Invoke方法中执行,从而实现了“方法调用劫持”。
- InvocationContext:表示当前方法执行的上下文,Request和Reply成员表示方法的调用和返回消息。
- InstanceBuidler:由于我们需根据InterceptingRealProxy<T>对象创建TransparentProxy,并通过TransparentProxy进行方法的调用,CallHandler才能在RealProxy中被执行。InstanceBuilder用于方便的创建TransparentProxy对象。
三、具体实现
现在我们来详细分析实现的细节。下来看看表示方法调用上下文的InvocationContext的定义。
InvocationContext
1: public class InvocationContext
2: {
3: public IMethodCallMessage Request
4: { get; set; }
5:
6: public ReturnMessage Reply
7: { get; set; }
8:
9: public IDictionary<object, object> Properties
10: { get; set; }
11: }
Request和Reply本质上都是一个System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.IMessage对象。Request是IMethodCallMessage 对象,表示方法调用的消息,Reply则是ReturnMessage对象,具有可以包含具体的返回值,也可以包含抛出的异常。Properties可以供我们自由地设置一些自定义的上下文。
ICallHandler、CallHandlerBase和HandlerAttribute
ICallHandler包含四个成员,PreInvoke和PostInvoke在执行目标方法前后被先后调用,自定义CallHandler可以根据自己的具体需求实现这个两个方法。PreInvoke返回值可以通过PostInvoke的correlationState获得。Ordinal表明CallHandler在CallHandler管道的位置,他决定了应用于同一个目标方法上的多个CallHandler的执行顺序。ReturnIfError表示CallHandler在抛出异常时是否直接退出。
1: public interface ICallHandler
2: {
3: object PreInvoke(InvocationContext context);
4:
5: void PostInvoke(InvocationContext context, object correlationState);
6:
7: int Ordinal{ get; set; }
8:
9: bool ReturnIfError{ get; set; }
10: }
CallHandler的抽象基类CallHandlerBase仅仅是对ICallHandler的简单实现。
1: public abstract class CallHandlerBase : ICallHandler
2: {
3: public abstract object PreInvoke(InvocationContext context);
4:
5: public abstract void PostInvoke(InvocationContext context, object correlationState);
6:
7: public int Ordinal{ get; set; }
8:
9: public bool ReturnIfError { get; set; }
10: }
HandlerAttribute中定义了CreateCallHandler方法创建相应的CallHandler对象,Ordinal和ReturnIfError同上。
1: public abstract class HandlerAttribute : Attribute
2: {
3: public abstract ICallHandler CreateCallHandler();
4:
5: public int Ordinal{ get; set; }
6:
7: public bool ReturnIfError{ get; set; }
8: }
CallHandlerPipeline
CallHandlerPipeline是CallHandler的有序集合,我们通过一个IList<ICallHandler> 对象和代码最终目标对象的创建CallHandlerPipeline。CallHandlerPipeline的核心方法是Invoke。在Invoke方法中按照CallHandler在管道中的次序先执行PreInvoke方法,然后通过反射执行目标对象的相应方法,最后逐个执行CallHandler的PostInvoke方法。
1: public class CallHandlerPipeline
2: {
3: private object _target;
4: private IList<ICallHandler> _callHandlers;
5:
6: public CallHandlerPipeline(object target): this(new List<ICallHandler>(), target){ }
7:
8: public CallHandlerPipeline(IList<ICallHandler> callHandlers, object target)
9: {
10: if (target == null)
11: {
12: throw new ArgumentNullException("target");
13: }
14:
15: if (callHandlers == null)
16: {
17: throw new ArgumentNullException("callHandlers");
18: }
19:
20: this._target = target;
21: this._callHandlers = callHandlers;
22: }
23:
24: public void Invoke(InvocationContext context)
25: {
26: Stack<object> correlationStates = new Stack<object>();
27: Stack<ICallHandler> callHandlerStack = new Stack<ICallHandler>();
28:
29: //Preinvoke.
30: foreach (ICallHandler callHandler in this._callHandlers)
31: {
32: correlationStates.Push(callHandler.PreInvoke(context));
33: if (context.Reply != null && context.Reply.Exception != null && callHandler.ReturnIfError)
34: {
35: context.Reply = new ReturnMessage(context.Reply.Exception, context.Request);
36: return;
37: }
38: callHandlerStack.Push(callHandler);
39: }
40:
41: //Invoke Target Object.
42: object[] copiedArgs = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(object), context.Request.Args.Length) as object[];
43: context.Request.Args.CopyTo(copiedArgs, 0);
44: try
45: {
46: object returnValue = context.Request.MethodBase.Invoke(this._target, copiedArgs);
47: context.Reply = new ReturnMessage(returnValue, copiedArgs, copiedArgs.Length, context.Request.LogicalCallContext, context.Request);
48: }
49: catch (Exception ex)
50: {
51: context.Reply = new ReturnMessage(ex, context.Request);
52: }
53:
54: //PostInvoke.
55: while (callHandlerStack.Count > 0)
56: {
57: ICallHandler callHandler = callHandlerStack.Pop();
58: object correlationState = correlationStates.Pop();
59: callHandler.PostInvoke(context, correlationState);
60: }
61: }
62:
63: public void Sort()
64: {
65: ICallHandler[] callHandlers = this._callHandlers.ToArray<ICallHandler>();
66: ICallHandler swaper = null;
67: for (int i = 0; i < callHandlers.Length - 1; i++)
68: {
69: for (int j = i + 1; j < callHandlers.Length; j++)
70: {
71: if (callHandlers[i].Ordinal > callHandlers[j].Ordinal)
72: {
73: swaper = callHandlers[i];
74: callHandlers[i] = callHandlers[j];
75: callHandlers[j] = swaper;
76: }
77: }
78: }
79:
80: this._callHandlers = callHandlers.ToList<ICallHandler>();
81: }
82:
83: public void Combine(CallHandlerPipeline pipeline)
84: {
85: if (pipeline == null)
86: {
87: throw new ArgumentNullException("pipeline");
88: }
89:
90: foreach (ICallHandler callHandler in pipeline._callHandlers)
91: {
92: this.Add(callHandler);
93: }
94: }
95:
96: public void Combine(IList<ICallHandler> callHandlers)
97: {
98: if (callHandlers == null)
99: {
100: throw new ArgumentNullException("callHandlers");
101: }
102:
103: foreach (ICallHandler callHandler in callHandlers)
104: {
105: this.Add(callHandler);
106: }
107: }
108:
109: public ICallHandler Add(ICallHandler callHandler)
110: {
111: if (callHandler == null)
112: {
113: throw new ArgumentNullException("callHandler");
114: }
115:
116: this._callHandlers.Add(callHandler);
117: return callHandler;
118: }
119: }
InterceptionRealProxy<T>
InterceptingRealProxy<T>是现在AOP的关键所在,我们通过一个IDictionary<MemberInfo, CallHandlerPipeline>和目标对象创建InterceptingRealProxy对象。在Invoke方法中,根据方法表示方法调用的IMethodCallMessage对象的MethodBase为key,从CallHandlerPipeline字典中获得基于当前方法的CallHandlerPipeline,并调用它的Invoke方法,InvocationContext的Reply即为最终的返回。
1: public class InterceptingRealProxy<T> : RealProxy
2: {
3: private IDictionary<MemberInfo, CallHandlerPipeline> _callHandlerPipelines;
4: public InterceptingRealProxy(object target, IDictionary<MemberInfo, CallHandlerPipeline> callHandlerPipelines)
5: : base(typeof(T))
6: {
7: if (callHandlerPipelines == null)
8: {
9: throw new ArgumentNullException("callHandlerPipelines");
10: }
11:
12: this._callHandlerPipelines = callHandlerPipelines;
13: }
14:
15: public override IMessage Invoke(IMessage msg)
16: {
17: InvocationContext context = new InvocationContext();
18: context.Request = (IMethodCallMessage)msg;
19: this._callHandlerPipelines[context.Request.MethodBase].Invoke(context);
20: return context.Reply;
21: }
22: }
InstanceBuidler
同PIAB通过PolicyInjection.Create()/Wrap()创建Transparent Proxy类型,InstanceBuidler也充当这样的工厂功能。InstanceBuidler的实现原理就是:通过反射获得目标类型上所有的HandlerAttribute,通过调用HandlerAttribute的CreateCallHandler创建相应的CallHandler。对于每个具体的方法,将应用在其类和方法上的所有的CallHandler组合成CallHandlerPipeline,然后以MemberInfo对象为Key将所有基于某个方法的CallHandlerPipeline构成一个CallHandlerPipeline字典。该字典,连同通过反射创建的目标对象,创建InterceptingRealProxy<T>对象。最后返回InterceptingRealProxy<T>对象的TransparentProxy对象。
1: public class InstanceBuilder
2: {
3: public static TInterface Create<TObject, TInterface>() where TObject : TInterface
4: {
5: TObject target = Activator.CreateInstance<TObject>();
6: InterceptingRealProxy<TInterface> realProxy = new InterceptingRealProxy<TInterface>(target, CreateCallHandlerPipeline<TObject, TInterface>(target));
7: return (TInterface)realProxy.GetTransparentProxy();
8: }
9:
10: public static T Create<T>()
11: {
12: return Create<T, T>();
13: }
14:
15: public static IDictionary<MemberInfo, CallHandlerPipeline> CreateCallHandlerPipeline<TObject, TInterfce>(TObject target)
16: {
17: CallHandlerPipeline pipeline = new CallHandlerPipeline(target);
18: object[] attributes = typeof(TObject).GetCustomAttributes(typeof(HandlerAttribute), true);
19: foreach (var attribute in attributes)
20: {
21: HandlerAttribute handlerAttribute = attribute as HandlerAttribute;
22: pipeline.Add(handlerAttribute.CreateCallHandler());
23: }
24:
25: IDictionary<MemberInfo, CallHandlerPipeline> kyedCallHandlerPipelines = new Dictionary<MemberInfo, CallHandlerPipeline>();
26:
27: foreach (MethodInfo methodInfo in typeof(TObject).GetMethods())
28: {
29: MethodInfo declareMethodInfo = typeof(TInterfce).GetMethod(methodInfo.Name, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);
30: if (declareMethodInfo == null)
31: {
32: continue;
33: }
34: kyedCallHandlerPipelines.Add(declareMethodInfo, new CallHandlerPipeline(target));
35: foreach (var attribute in methodInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(HandlerAttribute), true))
36: {
37: HandlerAttribute handlerAttribute = attribute as HandlerAttribute;
38: kyedCallHandlerPipelines[declareMethodInfo].Add(handlerAttribute.CreateCallHandler());
39: }
40: kyedCallHandlerPipelines[declareMethodInfo].Combine(pipeline);
41: kyedCallHandlerPipelines[declareMethodInfo].Sort();
42: }
43:
44: return kyedCallHandlerPipelines;
45: }
46: }
四、如果创建自定义CallHandler
在一开始的例子中,我们创建了两个自定义的CallHandler,一个用于进行事务处理的TranactionScopeCallHandler,另一个用于异常处理的ExceptionCallHandler。我们现在就来简单谈谈它们的实现。
TranactionScopeCallHandler
先来看看TranactionScopeCallHandler和TranactionScopeCallHandlerAttribute。我们通过TranactionScope的方式实现事务支持。在PreInvoke方法中,创建并返回TranactionScope对象,在PostInvoke中,通过correlationState参数得到该TranactionScope对象,如果没有异常(context.Reply.Exception == null),调用Complete方法提交事务。最后调用Dispose释放TranactionScope对象。(TranactionScope具有一系列的属性,在这里为了简单起见,读采用默认值)
1: public class TransactionScopeCallHandler : CallHandlerBase
2: {
3: public override object PreInvoke(InvocationContext context)
4: {
5: return new TransactionScope();
6: }
7:
8: public override void PostInvoke(InvocationContext context, object correlationState)
9: {
10: TransactionScope transactionScope = (TransactionScope)correlationState;
11: if (context.Reply.Exception == null)
12: {
13: transactionScope.Complete();
14: }
15: transactionScope.Dispose();
16: }
17: }
18:
19: public class TransactionScopeCallHandlerAttribute : HandlerAttribute
20: {
21: public override ICallHandler CreateCallHandler()
22: {
23: return new TransactionScopeCallHandler() { Ordinal = this.Ordinal, ReturnIfError = this.ReturnIfError };
24: }
25: }
ExceptionCallHandler
ExceptionCallHandler的MessageTemlate和Rethrow属性分别表示最终显示的错误信息模板,和是否需要将异常抛出来。由于异常处理发生在目标方法调用之后,所以异常处理逻辑实现在PostInvoke方法中。在这里,我仅仅将通过模板组装的出错消息打印出来而已。
1: public class ExceptionCallHandler : CallHandlerBase
2: {
3: public string MessageTemplate{ get; set; }
4: public bool Rethrow{ get; set; }
5:
6: public ExceptionCallHandler()
7: {
8: this.MessageTemplate = "{Message}";
9: }
10:
11: public override object PreInvoke(InvocationContext context)
12: {
13: return null;
14: }
15:
16: public override void PostInvoke(InvocationContext context, object correlationState)
17: {
18: if (context.Reply.Exception != null)
19: {
20: string message = this.MessageTemplate.Replace("{Message}", context.Reply.Exception.InnerException.Message)
21: .Replace("{Source}", context.Reply.Exception.InnerException.Source)
22: .Replace("{StackTrace}", context.Reply.Exception.InnerException.StackTrace)
23: .Replace("{HelpLink}", context.Reply.Exception.InnerException.HelpLink)
24: .Replace("{TargetSite}", context.Reply.Exception.InnerException.TargetSite.ToString());
25: Console.WriteLine(message);
26: if (!this.Rethrow)
27: {
28: context.Reply = new ReturnMessage(null, null, 0, context.Request.LogicalCallContext, context.Request);
29: }
30: }
31: }
32: }
33:
34: public class ExceptionCallHandlerAttribute : HandlerAttribute
35: {
36:
37: public string MessageTemplate{ get; set; }
38:
39: public bool Rethrow{ get; set; }
40:
41: public ExceptionCallHandlerAttribute()
42: {
43: this.MessageTemplate = "{Message}";
44: }
45:
46: public override ICallHandler CreateCallHandler()
47: {
48: return new ExceptionCallHandler()
49: {
50: Ordinal = this.Ordinal,
51: Rethrow = this.Rethrow,
52: MessageTemplate = this.MessageTemplate,
53: ReturnIfError = this.ReturnIfError
54: };
55: }
56: }
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