Delphi擅长做数据库类的MIS开发,但对于OA就有点力不从心了。不过随着Microsoft的COM技术逐渐成熟,现在普通Windows应用已经可以和Office97无缝结合了,尤其是在Delphi 5中提供了一组Servers组件,更是简化了程序开发。
最近接触了一个用户的案例,用Delphi控制Word做一个合同管理程序。办公人员先根据业务需要,写好合同的文字,但在用户名称、产品名称等变化的位置填写指定的标记字符串,然后通过Delphi把数据库中的实际数据替换掉Word中的文字,最后让Word打印出合同。
Delphi自带了一个简单的Word例题,但功能太简单。通过查找VBA的说明,再对照Delphi的VCL,编写了如下代码,实现了基本的公文管理功能。
启动Word时用如下代码:
begin
try
Wordapplication.Connect;
except
MessageDlg( ' Word may not be installed ' , mtError, [mbOk], 0 );
Abort;
end;
Wordapplication.Visible : = True;
WordApplication.Caption : = ' Delphi automation ' ;
end;
try
Wordapplication.Connect;
except
MessageDlg( ' Word may not be installed ' , mtError, [mbOk], 0 );
Abort;
end;
Wordapplication.Visible : = True;
WordApplication.Caption : = ' Delphi automation ' ;
end;
关闭Word用如下代码。如果想保存Doc文件,请修改SaveChanges变量的内容:
var
SaveChanges, OriginalFormat, RouteDocument: OleVariant;
begin
SaveChanges : = WdDoNotSaveChanges;
OriginalFormat : = UnAssigned;
RouteDocument : = UnAssigned;
try
WordApplication.Quit(SaveChanges, OriginalFormat, RouteDocument);
WordApplication.Disconnect;
except
on E: Exception do
begin
Showmessage(E.Message);
WordApplication.Disconnect;
end;
end;
end;
SaveChanges, OriginalFormat, RouteDocument: OleVariant;
begin
SaveChanges : = WdDoNotSaveChanges;
OriginalFormat : = UnAssigned;
RouteDocument : = UnAssigned;
try
WordApplication.Quit(SaveChanges, OriginalFormat, RouteDocument);
WordApplication.Disconnect;
except
on E: Exception do
begin
Showmessage(E.Message);
WordApplication.Disconnect;
end;
end;
end;
让Word打开一个指定的文件,需要先放置OpenDialog,然后调用WordApplication.Documents.Open:
var
ItemIndex :OleVariant;
FileName, ConfirmConversions, ReadOnly, AddToRecentFiles,
PassWordDocument, PassWordTemplate, Revert,
WritePassWordDocument, WritePassWordTemplate, Format: OleVariant;
begin
if not dlgOpen.Execute then
Exit;
... {Open document}
FileName : = dlgOpen.FileName;
ConfirmConversions : = False;
ReadOnly : = False;
AddToRecentFiles : = False;
PassWordDocument : = '' ;
PassWordTemplate : = '' ;
Revert : = True;
WritePassWordDocument : = '' ;
WritePassWordTemplate : = '' ;
Format : = wdOpenFormatDocument;
WordApplication.Documents.Open( FileName, ConfirmConversions,
ReadOnly, AddToRecentFiles, PassWordDocument, PassWordTemplate,
Revert, WritePassWordDocument, WritePassWordTemplate, Format );
... {Assign WordDocument component}
ItemIndex : = 1 ;
WordDocument.ConnectTo(WordApplication.Documents.Item(ItemIndex));
... {Turn Spell checking of because it takes a long time if enabled and slowsdown WinWord}
WordApplication.Options.CheckSpellingAsYouType : = False;
WordApplication.Options.CheckGrammarAsYouType : = False;
end;
ItemIndex :OleVariant;
FileName, ConfirmConversions, ReadOnly, AddToRecentFiles,
PassWordDocument, PassWordTemplate, Revert,
WritePassWordDocument, WritePassWordTemplate, Format: OleVariant;
begin
if not dlgOpen.Execute then
Exit;
... {Open document}
FileName : = dlgOpen.FileName;
ConfirmConversions : = False;
ReadOnly : = False;
AddToRecentFiles : = False;
PassWordDocument : = '' ;
PassWordTemplate : = '' ;
Revert : = True;
WritePassWordDocument : = '' ;
WritePassWordTemplate : = '' ;
Format : = wdOpenFormatDocument;
WordApplication.Documents.Open( FileName, ConfirmConversions,
ReadOnly, AddToRecentFiles, PassWordDocument, PassWordTemplate,
Revert, WritePassWordDocument, WritePassWordTemplate, Format );
... {Assign WordDocument component}
ItemIndex : = 1 ;
WordDocument.ConnectTo(WordApplication.Documents.Item(ItemIndex));
... {Turn Spell checking of because it takes a long time if enabled and slowsdown WinWord}
WordApplication.Options.CheckSpellingAsYouType : = False;
WordApplication.Options.CheckGrammarAsYouType : = False;
end;
当我们安装delphi时选择的是xp样式的即使用WordXP时,这里的代码需要更改为这样
var ItemIndex :OleVariant;
FileName, ConfirmConversions,ReadOnly,AddToRecentFiles,PasswordDocument, PasswordTemplate,Revert: OleVariant;
WritePasswordDocument,WritePasswordTemplate,Format: OleVariant;
Encoding,Visible,OpenAndRepair,DocumentDirection,NoEncodingDialog: OleVariant;
begin
if not dlgOpen.Execute then
Exit;
// ...{Open document}
FileName : = dlgOpen.FileName;
ConfirmConversions : = False;
ReadOnly : = False;
AddToRecentFiles : = False;
PassWordDocument : = '' ;
PassWordTemplate : = '' ;
Revert : = True;
WritePassWordDocument : = '' ;
WritePassWordTemplate : = '' ;
Format: = wdFormatDocument;
// Encoding
Visible: = true ;
WordApplication1.Disconnect;
WordApplication1.documents.Open(FileName,ConfirmConversions,
ReadOnly,AddToRecentFiles,
PasswordDocument,PasswordTemplate,
Revert,WritePasswordDocument,WritePasswordTemplate,Format,
Encoding,Visible,OpenAndRepair,DocumentDirection,NoEncodingDialog);
WordApplication1.Visible: = true ;
... {Assign WordDocument component}
ItemIndex : = 1 ;
WordDocument1.ConnectTo(WordApplication1.Documents.Item(ItemIndex));
... {Turn Spell checking of because it takes a long time if enabled and slows down Winword}
WordApplication1.Options.CheckSpellingAsYouType : = False;
WordApplication1.Options.CheckGrammarAsYouType : = False;
end;
FileName, ConfirmConversions,ReadOnly,AddToRecentFiles,PasswordDocument, PasswordTemplate,Revert: OleVariant;
WritePasswordDocument,WritePasswordTemplate,Format: OleVariant;
Encoding,Visible,OpenAndRepair,DocumentDirection,NoEncodingDialog: OleVariant;
begin
if not dlgOpen.Execute then
Exit;
// ...{Open document}
FileName : = dlgOpen.FileName;
ConfirmConversions : = False;
ReadOnly : = False;
AddToRecentFiles : = False;
PassWordDocument : = '' ;
PassWordTemplate : = '' ;
Revert : = True;
WritePassWordDocument : = '' ;
WritePassWordTemplate : = '' ;
Format: = wdFormatDocument;
// Encoding
Visible: = true ;
WordApplication1.Disconnect;
WordApplication1.documents.Open(FileName,ConfirmConversions,
ReadOnly,AddToRecentFiles,
PasswordDocument,PasswordTemplate,
Revert,WritePasswordDocument,WritePasswordTemplate,Format,
Encoding,Visible,OpenAndRepair,DocumentDirection,NoEncodingDialog);
WordApplication1.Visible: = true ;
... {Assign WordDocument component}
ItemIndex : = 1 ;
WordDocument1.ConnectTo(WordApplication1.Documents.Item(ItemIndex));
... {Turn Spell checking of because it takes a long time if enabled and slows down Winword}
WordApplication1.Options.CheckSpellingAsYouType : = False;
WordApplication1.Options.CheckGrammarAsYouType : = False;
end;
让Word替换标记字符串要使用WordDocument.Range.Find.Execute,这里用Delphi替换了<#Name>:
var
FindText, MatchCase, MatchWholeWord, MatchWildcards, MatchSoundsLike,
MatchAllWordForms, Forward, Wrap, Format, ReplaceWith, Replace: OleVariant;
begin
FindText : = ' <#Name> ' ;
MatchCase : = False;
MatchWholeWord : = True;
MatchWildcards : = False;
MatchSoundsLike : = False;
MatchAllWordForms : = False;
Forward : = True;
Wrap : = wdFindContinue;
Format : = False;
ReplaceWith : = ' Delphi ' ;
Replace : = True;
WordDocument.Range.Find.Execute( FindText, MatchCase, MatchWholeWord,
MatchWildcards, MatchSoundsLike, MatchAllWordForms, Forward,
Wrap, Format, ReplaceWith, Replace );
end;
FindText, MatchCase, MatchWholeWord, MatchWildcards, MatchSoundsLike,
MatchAllWordForms, Forward, Wrap, Format, ReplaceWith, Replace: OleVariant;
begin
FindText : = ' <#Name> ' ;
MatchCase : = False;
MatchWholeWord : = True;
MatchWildcards : = False;
MatchSoundsLike : = False;
MatchAllWordForms : = False;
Forward : = True;
Wrap : = wdFindContinue;
Format : = False;
ReplaceWith : = ' Delphi ' ;
Replace : = True;
WordDocument.Range.Find.Execute( FindText, MatchCase, MatchWholeWord,
MatchWildcards, MatchSoundsLike, MatchAllWordForms, Forward,
Wrap, Format, ReplaceWith, Replace );
end;
上面这4段代码完成了公文管理的基本功能,再把它和数据库结合起来,就可以开发一个与Lotus Notes类似的产品了。