方法 1 利用 “Downloadonly” 插件下载 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包
我们可以通过 yum 命令的 “Downloadonly” 插件下载 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包。
为了安装 Downloadonly 插件,以 root 身份运行以下命令。
- yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly
现在,运行以下命令去下载一个 RPM 软件包。
- yum install --downloadonly <package-name>
默认情况下,这个命令将会下载并把软件包保存到 /var/cache/yum/ 的 rhel-{arch}-channel/packageslocation 目录,不过,你也可以下载和保存软件包到任何位置,你可以通过 –downloaddir选项来指定。
- yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=<directory> <package-name>
例子:
- yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ httpd
终端输出:
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- * base: centos.excellmedia.net
- * epel: epel.mirror.angkasa.id
- * extras: centos.excellmedia.net
- * updates: centos.excellmedia.net
- Resolving Dependencies
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 will be installed
- ---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
- --> Finished Dependency Resolution
- Dependencies Resolved
- =======================================================================================================================================
- Package Arch Version Repository Size
- =======================================================================================================================================
- Installing:
- httpd x86_64 2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 updates 2.7 M
- Installing for dependencies:
- apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 base 103 k
- apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k
- httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 updates 83 k
- mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k
- Transaction Summary
- =======================================================================================================================================
- Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)
- Total download size: 3.0 M
- Installed size: 10 M
- Background downloading packages, then exiting:
- (1/5): apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:01
- (2/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:01
- (3/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:01
- (4/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm | 83 kB 00:00:01
- (5/5): httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:09
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Total 331 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:09
- exiting because "Download Only" specified
现在去你指定的目录位置下,你将会看到那里有下载好的软件包和依赖的软件。在我这种情况下,我已经把软件包下载到 /root/mypackages/ 目录下。
让我们来查看一下内容。
- ls /root/mypackages/
样本输出:
- apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
- apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
- httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm
- httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm
- mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm
正如你在上面输出所看到的, httpd软件包已经被依据所有依赖性下载完成了 。
请注意,这个插件适用于 yum install/yum update, 但是并不适用于 yum groupinstall。默认情况下,这个插件将会下载仓库中最新可用的软件包。然而你可以通过指定版本号来下载某个特定的软件版本。
例子:
- yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ httpd-2.2.6-40.el7
此外,你也可以如下一次性下载多个包:
- yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ httpd vsftpd
方法 2 使用 “Yumdownloader” 工具来下载 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包
“Yumdownloader” 是一款简单,但是却十分有用的命令行工具,它可以一次性下载任何 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包。
以 root 身份运行如下命令安装 “Yumdownloader” 工具。
- yum install yum-utils
一旦安装完成,运行如下命令去下载一个软件包,例如 httpd。
- yumdownloader httpd
为了根据所有依赖性下载软件包,我们使用 --resolve 参数:
- yumdownloader --resolve httpd
默认情况下,Yumdownloader 将会下载软件包到当前工作目录下。
为了将软件下载到一个特定的目录下,我们使用 --destdir 参数:
- yumdownloader --resolve --destdir=/root/mypackages/ httpd
或者,
- yumdownloader --resolve --destdir /root/mypackages/ httpd
终端输出:
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- * base: centos.excellmedia.net
- * epel: epel.mirror.angkasa.id
- * extras: centos.excellmedia.net
- * updates: centos.excellmedia.net
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 will be installed
- ---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
- --> Finished Dependency Resolution
- (1/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:01
- (2/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:02
- (3/5): apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:02
- (4/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm | 83 kB 00:00:03
- (5/5): httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:19
让我们确认一下软件包是否被下载到我们指定的目录下。
- ls /root/mypackages/
终端输出:
- apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
- apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
- httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm
- httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm
- mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm
不像 Downloadonly 插件,Yumdownload 可以下载一组相关的软件包。
- yumdownloader "@Development Tools" --resolve --destdir /root/mypackages/
在我看来,我喜欢 Yumdownloader 更胜于 Yum 的 Downloadonly 插件。但是,两者都是十分简单易懂而且可以完成相同的工作。
这就是今天所有的内容,如果你觉得这份引导教程有用,清在你的社交媒体上面分享一下去让更多的人知道。
干杯!