1.创建一个10G的分区，并格式化为ext4文件系统
要求其block大小为2048，预留空间百分比为2，卷标为MYDATA，默认挂载属性包含acl
挂载至/data/mydata目录，要求挂载时禁止程序自动运行，且不更新文件的访问时间戳
- [root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
- Command (m for help): n
- Partition type:
- p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
- e extended
- Select (default p): p
- Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
- First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
- Using default value 2048
- Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +10G
- Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
- Command (m for help): w
- The partition table has been altered!
- [root@master ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 2 -L MYDATA /dev/sdb1
- [root@master ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1
- [root@master ~]# mount -o noexec,noatime /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata
2.创建一个大小为1G的swap分区，并创建好文件系统，并启用之，写一个脚本
获取并列出当前系统上的所有磁盘设备
显示每个磁盘设备上每个分区的相关的空间使用信息
- Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +1G
- Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
- Command (m for help): t
- Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
- Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
- Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82
- Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'
- Command (m for help): w
- The partition table has been altered!
- [root@master ~]# mkswap -L SWAP /dev/sdb2
- [root@master ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2
- #!/bin/bash
- #
- disks=`fdisk -l|grep -o '^Disk /dev/[sh]d[a-z]'|cut -d' ' -f2`
- echo $disks
- for i in $disks;do
- fdisk -l $i
- done
3.总结RAID的各个级别及其组合方式和性能的不同
RAID(冗余磁盘阵列)是将多块磁盘当做一块物理磁盘来使用，以达到容错或者提高读写性能的优势。按照 组织起来的工作方式的不同，我们可以将RAID分为不同的级别，其中常见的有RAID0、RAID1、RAID5、RAID10
RAID0
俗称条带卷，实现将文件分成多个chunk后同时并行存储到多个盘中。
特性
读写性能得到提升
无冗余能力
最少磁盘数为2
可用空间为容量最小的磁盘*磁盘数
RAID1
俗称镜像卷，在存储数据的同时需要再复制一份存入另一个磁盘中。
特性
读性能提升，写性能下降
有冗余能力
最少磁盘数为2，偶数
可用空间小于1/2
RAID5
将文件分成多个chunk，两两chunk之间作异或运算，各盘轮流存储校验码
特点
读写性能提升
有冗余能力
最少磁盘数为3
可用空间为容量最小的磁盘*(磁盘数-1)
RAID10
先两两做raid1，后将多组raid1组织成raid0
特点
读写性能提升
有冗余能力
最小磁盘数4
可用空间为容量最小的磁盘*磁盘数/2
4.创建一个大小为10G的RAID1，要求有一个空闲盘，而且chunk大小为128k
- [root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
- Command (m for help): n
- Partition type:
- p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
- e extended
- Select (default p): p
- Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
- First sector (20973568-41943039, default 20973568):
- Using default value 20973568
- [root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
- Command (m for help): n
- Partition type:
- p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
- e extended
- Select (default p): p
- Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
- First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048):
- Using default value 2048
- Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): +10G
- Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
- Command (m for help): n
- Partition type:
- p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
- e extended
- Select (default p): p
- Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
- First sector (20973568-104857599, default 20973568): +10G
- Value out of range.
- First sector (20973568-104857599, default 20973568):
- Using default value 20973568
- Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-104857599, default 104857599): +10G
- Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
- Command (m for help): n
- Partition type:
- p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
- e extended
- Select (default p): p
- Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
- First sector (41945088-104857599, default 41945088):
- Using default value 41945088
- Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41945088-104857599, default 104857599): +10G
- Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
- Command (m for help): t
- Partition number (1-3, default 3): 1
- Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
- Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'
- Command (m for help): t
- Partition number (1-3, default 3): 2
- Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
- Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'
- Command (m for help): t
- Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
- Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
- Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'
- Command (m for help): w
- The partition table has been altered!
- [root@master ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -n 2 -c 128 -x 1 -l 1 -a yes /dev/sdb{1,2,3}
- mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
- mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
5.创建一个大小为4G的RAID5设备，chunk大小为256k，格式化ext4文件系统，要求可开机自动挂载至/backup目录，且不更新访问时间戳，且支持acl功
- “`
- [root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
- Command (m for help): n
- All primary partitions are in use
- Adding logical partition 5
- First sector (62918656-104857599, default 62918656):
- Using default value 62918656
- Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62918656-104857599, default 104857599): +2G
- Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
- Command (m for help): n
- All primary partitions are in use
- Adding logical partition 6
- First sector (67115008-104857599, default 67115008):
- Using default value 67115008
- Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (67115008-104857599, default 104857599): +2G
- Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
- Command (m for help): n
- All primary partitions are in use
- Adding logical partition 7
- First sector (71311360-104857599, default 71311360):
- Using default value 71311360
- Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (71311360-104857599, default 104857599): +2G
- Partition 7 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
- Command (m for help): w
- The partition table has been altered!
- [root@master ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -n 3 -c 256 -l 5 -a yes /dev/sdb{5,6,7}
- mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
- mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
- [root@master ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md1
- [root@master ~]# mkdir /backup
- [root@master ~]# mount -o auto /dev/md1 /backup
作者：佚名
来源：51CTO
