port added to openvswitch | bridge has to used for 2 lay port, cann't configure IP address-阿里云开发者社区

桥或OVS交换机的目的是2层通讯, 或2层隔离(OVS VLAN), 所以加到桥里的端口都是2层端口, 不要再配置3层的东西, 例如IP.

加入到桥或OVS交换机的接口, 我们可以认为它们就像物理交换机的二层物理接口.

桥或OVS交换机的管理, 可以通过配置bridge name, ovs bridge name虚拟接口IP地址来实现, 交换机只有管理口(虚拟接口)具备三层能力. 一般的做法是将某个物理口的VLAN号和虚拟接口的VLAN号设为一致, 则二层可通讯.

桥或OVS交换机的管理接口(虚拟接口), 就是桥或OVS交换机的名字.

例如, 以下管理口分别是br0和ob0 :

只要在br0和ob0配置IP地址, 实现对交换机的管理.

[root@150 ~]# brctl show br0

bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces

br0 8000.2a885650df13 no v1

[root@150 ~]# ovs-vsctl show

fb8f1987-c908-4a8f-bc2c-1f8c19f034fc

Bridge "ob0"

Port "ob0"

Interface "ob0"

type: internal

Port "v2"

Interface "v2"

Port "v1"

Interface "v1"

ovs_version: "1.9.3"

openvswitch , bridge configure introduce for v eth port. - 德哥@Digoal - PostgreSQL research

首先测试第一幅图左, (错误用法, 不应该在物理口(二层口)上配置IP地址, 配了也无法通讯).

创建网桥
[root@150 ~]# ovs-vsctl add-br ob0
将网桥的link 设置为up状态
[root@150 ~]# ip link set ob0 up
创建一对相连的虚拟接口(可以认为这两个口之间是物理相连的, 类似的gre也有这样的功能)
peer口一般用于netns namespace隔离的场景, 连通两个隔离的namespace, 因此peer亦被docker拿来使用.
[root@150 ~]# ip link add v1 type veth peer name vp1
[root@150 ~]# ip link set v1 up
[root@150 ~]# ip link set vp1 up
添加一个netns设备
[root@150 ~]# ip netns add abc
将peer的一端加入网桥, 另一端加入新建的netns设备
[root@150 ~]# ovs-vsctl add-port ob0 v1
[root@150 ~]# ip link set vp1 netns abc
在加入网桥的端口中设置IP, 这里就是错误所在, 不应该在交换机的物理口上分配IP, 这在物理交换机的配置中也是不允许的(会报错). 但是这是linux, 没有报错.
[root@150 ~]# ip addr add 10.9.9.1/24 dev v1
[root@150 ~]# ip addr show v1
173: v1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 3a:a9:a1:35:d8:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.9.9.1/24 scope global v1
    inet6 fe80::38a9:a1ff:fe35:d8d3/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@150 ~]# ping 10.9.9.1
PING 10.9.9.1 (10.9.9.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms
本地是可以通讯的.

接下来到netns环境中, 配置IP, 注意把lo和vp1的link起来.
[root@150 ~]# ip netns exec abc /bin/bash
[root@150 ~]# ip link
172: vp1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether 2e:7b:39:1f:a5:99 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
174: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noop state DOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
[root@150 ~]# ip link set lo up
[root@150 ~]# ip link set vp1 up
配置IP
[root@150 ~]# ip addr add 10.9.9.2/24 dev vp1
本地通讯正常
[root@150 ~]# ping 10.9.9.2
PING 10.9.9.2 (10.9.9.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms
^C
--- 10.9.9.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 355ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.034/0.034/0.034/0.000 ms
和交换机上的物理口无法通讯.
[root@150 ~]# ping 10.9.9.1
PING 10.9.9.1 (10.9.9.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 10.9.9.2 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From 10.9.9.2 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
From 10.9.9.2 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable
[root@150 ~]# exit
exit

接下来是第一幅图右, 正确的做法是在网桥的管理口上配IP.

首先删除v1的IP,
[root@150 ~]# ip addr del 10.9.9.1/24 dev v1
将IP配置在网桥管理接口(即internal口)上.
[root@150 ~]# ip addr add 10.9.9.3/24 dev ob0
[root@150 ~]# ip addr show ob0
171: ob0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/ether ca:da:7a:44:37:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.9.9.3/24 scope global ob0
    inet6 fe80::c8da:7aff:fe44:3740/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@150 ~]# ping 10.9.9.3
PING 10.9.9.3 (10.9.9.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.027 ms
在netns环境中可以正常和交换机通讯.
[root@150 ~]# ip netns exec abc /bin/bash
[root@150 ~]# ping 10.9.9.3
PING 10.9.9.3 (10.9.9.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.230 ms
正常通讯的前提是交换机和netns相连的物理口(即v1) , 必须和交换机的管理口在一个vlan里面(tag相同 , 或都没有tag)
这里的测试场景中是没有tag.
[root@150 ~]# ovs-vsctl show
fb8f1987-c908-4a8f-bc2c-1f8c19f034fc
    Bridge "ob0"
        Port "ob0"
            Interface "ob0"
                type: internal
        Port "v1"
            Interface "v1"
    ovs_version: "1.9.3"

接下来看看第二幅图右

再次新增一对peer接口, 将两个veth口放到交换机中, 另外两个分别在主机上, 和netns里面
主机上的v2和netns的v1可以配置IP, 并通讯. 网桥只负责2层的包转发.
添加一对虚拟接口
[root@150 ~]# ip link add v2 type veth peer name vp2
[root@150 ~]# ip link set v2 up
[root@150 ~]# ip link set vp2 up
将一个口加入虚拟交换机
[root@150 ~]# ovs-vsctl add-port ob0 v2
[root@150 ~]# ovs-vsctl show
fb8f1987-c908-4a8f-bc2c-1f8c19f034fc
    Bridge "ob0"
        Port "ob0"
            Interface "ob0"
                type: internal
        Port "v1"
            Interface "v1"
        Port "v2"
            Interface "v2"
    ovs_version: "1.9.3"
删除网桥的管理IP
[root@150 ~]# ip addr del 10.9.9.3/24 dev ob0
配置peer另一端口(未加入虚拟交换机)的IP
[root@150 ~]# ip addr add 10.9.9.1/24 dev vp2

和netns的设备正常通讯了
[root@150 ~]# ping 10.9.9.2
PING 10.9.9.2 (10.9.9.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.903 ms
^C
--- 10.9.9.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 553ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.903/0.903/0.903/0.000 ms
[root@150 ~]# ping 10.9.9.1
PING 10.9.9.1 (10.9.9.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.022 ms
^C
--- 10.9.9.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 410ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.022/0.022/0.022/0.000 ms

在netns中, 正常和外部设备通讯.
[root@150 ~]# ip netns exec abc /bin/bash
[root@150 ~]# ping 10.9.9.1
PING 10.9.9.1 (10.9.9.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.232 ms
^C
--- 10.9.9.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 589ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.232/0.232/0.232/0.000 ms
[root@150 ~]# ping 10.9.9.2
PING 10.9.9.2 (10.9.9.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.025 ms
^C
--- 10.9.9.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 544ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.025/0.025/0.025/0.000 ms
[root@150 ~]# ip link
172: vp1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 2e:7b:39:1f:a5:99 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
174: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
[root@150 ~]# ip addr
172: vp1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 2e:7b:39:1f:a5:99 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.9.9.2/24 scope global vp1
    inet6 fe80::2c7b:39ff:fe1f:a599/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
174: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

接下来看看第二幅图左

增加VLAN TAG, 只有tag一致, 才能正常通讯, 实现了交换机VLAN的功能.
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-vsctl add-br ob0
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip netns add abc
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link add v1 type veth peer name vp1
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link add v2 type veth peer name vp2
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link set vp1 netns abc
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-vsctl add-port ob0 v1 tag=100
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-vsctl add-port ob0 v2 tag=100
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link set ob0 up
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link set v1 up
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link set v2 up
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link set vp2 up
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip netns exec abc ip link set lo up
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip netns exec abc ip link set vp1 up
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip netns exec abc ip addr add 10.9.9.2/24 dev vp1
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip addr add 10.9.9.1/24 dev vp2
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ping 10.9.9.1
PING 10.9.9.1 (10.9.9.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.032 ms
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ping 10.9.9.2
PING 10.9.9.2 (10.9.9.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.00 ms

[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip netns exec abc /bin/bash
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ping 10.9.9.1
PING 10.9.9.1 (10.9.9.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.196 ms
^C
--- 10.9.9.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 420ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.196/0.196/0.196/0.000 ms
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ping 10.9.9.2
PING 10.9.9.2 (10.9.9.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.026 ms
^C
--- 10.9.9.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 653ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.026/0.026/0.026/0.000 ms

将v1或v2的vlan tag改变一下, 变成不一样的, 二层隔离, 就不能通讯了.
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-vsctl del-port ob0 v1
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-vsctl add-port ob0 v1 tag=101
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ping 10.9.9.2
PING 10.9.9.2 (10.9.9.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 10.9.9.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 872ms

或者是一个设置tag, 另一个不设置tag, 也是二层隔离的, 是无法通讯的.
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-vsctl del-port ob0 v1
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-vsctl add-port ob0 v1
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ping 10.9.9.2
PING 10.9.9.2 (10.9.9.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 10.9.9.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1242ms

接下来看看第三幅图, 创建一对peer端口, 其中之一加入ovs, 另一个加入netns,

与第一幅图不一样的地方, 加入ovs时指定端口的类型为internal, 类似交换机的管理口, 它可以设置IP.

[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip netns del abc
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-vsctl del-port v1
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-vsctl del-port v2
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link del v2
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-vsctl show
700dd6b1-949f-4899-9370-3bfa886df016
    Bridge "ob0"
        Port "ob0"
            Interface "ob0"
                type: internal
    ovs_version: "1.9.3"
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link add v1 type veth peer name vp1
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-vsctl add-port ob0 vp1 tag=10 -- set Interface vp1 type=internal
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-vsctl show
700dd6b1-949f-4899-9370-3bfa886df016
    Bridge "ob0"
        Port "vp1"
            tag: 10
            Interface "vp1"
                type: internal
        Port "ob0"
            Interface "ob0"
                type: internal
    ovs_version: "1.9.3"

[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip netns add abc
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link set v1 netns abc
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link set v1 up 
Cannot find device "v1"
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link set vp1 up 
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip addr add 10.9.9.1/24 dev vp1

[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip netns exec abc /bin/bash
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link set lo up
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip link set v1 up
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ip addr add 10.9.9.2/24 dev v1
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ping 10.9.9.2
PING 10.9.9.2 (10.9.9.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.025 ms
^C
--- 10.9.9.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 476ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.025/0.025/0.025/0.000 ms
[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ping 10.9.9.1
PING 10.9.9.1 (10.9.9.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.9.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms
^C
--- 10.9.9.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 466ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.034/0.034/0.034/0.000 ms

查看ovs交换机信息 :

[root@db-172-16-3-221 ~]# ovs-dpctl show ob0
system@ob0:
        lookups: hit:13 missed:29 lost:0
        flows: 0
        port 0: ob0 (internal)
        port 6: vp1
        port 8: tap0

使用bridge的话, 除了没有vlan的功能, 其他都一样, 不再举例.

命令为brctl.

[参考]

1. http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/16387704020147111358858/

2. man ovs-vsctl

3. man ip

4. man brctl

5. man tunctl

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