在自动化测试的时候，往往许多功能需要登录以后才可以进行操作的，在这里我介绍一种方法，在登录以后将Cookies信息存入本地文件，在测试登录以后操作的时候再从本地文件把信息调出来存入Cookies。
由于在初始化后需要把Cookies信息存入本地文件，建立方法save_cookies(self)
#保存cookies和local storage -
使用上下文管理器处理文件
def save_cookies(self):
# cookies.pkl存储Cookies信息
cookies = self.driver.get_cookies()
with open("cookies.pkl", "wb") as f:
pickle.dump(cookies, f)
script = "return JSON.stringify(window.localStorage);"
# localstorage.pkl存储本地存储库信息
localStorage = self.excute_js_script(script)
with open("localstorage.pkl", "wb") as f:
pickle.dump(localStorage, f)
在测试类中获取本地文件把信息调出来存入Cookies，建立普通方法
# 恢复Cookies和Local Storage
def load_cookies(self):
try:
with open("cookies.pkl", "rb") as f:
cookies = pickle.load(f)
for cookie in cookies:
self.driver.add_cookie(cookie)
with open("localstorage.pkl", "rb") as f:
localstorage_str = pickle.load(f)
script = f"""
(function(storage){
{
try {
{
const entries = JSON.parse(storage);
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(entries)) {
{
window.localStorage.setItem(key, value);
}}
}} catch(e) {
{
console.error('LocalStorage恢复失败:', e);
}}
}})({
repr(localstorage_str)});
"""
self.excute_js_script(script)
# 刷新页面使状态生效
self.driver.refresh()
except Exception as e:
print(f"状态恢复失败: {str(e)}")
#获取失败，获得截屏页面
self.driver.save_screenshot("state_restore_failed.png")
接下来我们定义两个公共方法
# 判断元素是否存在，若存在赋给某个变量
def judgeElement(self,way,tag):
# 添加显式等待确保页面元素加载完成
wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1)
return wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((way, tag)))
函数def judgeElement(self,way,tag): 判断元素是否存在，若存在赋给某个变量。Way为By.NAME、By.ID等；tag为NAME、ID等名称。若存在，赋给某个变量
#执行JavaScipt语句
def excute_js_script(self,script):
self.driver.execute_script(script)
函数def excute_js_script(self, script):执行指定的script语句，如果script为多行，通过’’’…’’’分割。
接下来建立类初始化方法
def setUp(self):
#这里使用chrome测试，需要指定chromedriver.exe路径
driverPath = "C:\\Lib\\chromedriver.exe"
service = Service(executable_path=driverPath)
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# 添加用户数据目录以保持会话
options.add_argument("user-data-dir=C:\\Lib\\ChromeProfile")
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)
self.driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8000")
#检查cookies.pkl是否存在
if not os.path.isfile("cookies.pkl"):
try:
# 处理可能的登录表单
element_username = self.judgeElement(By.ID, "id_username")
element_password = self.judgeElement(By.ID, "id_password")
# 尝试多种提交按钮定位方式
try:
element_submit = self.judgeElement(By.NAME, "form-signin")
except:
try:
element_submit = self.judgeElement(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button[type='submit']")
except:
element_submit = self.judgeElement(By.XPATH, "//button[contains(.,'登录') or contains(.,'Sign in')]")
# 执行登录
element_username.clear()
element_username.send_keys("cindy")
element_password.clear()
element_password.send_keys("123456")
element_submit.click()
except Exception as e:
print(f"登录可能已完成或失败: {str(e)}")
self.driver.save_screenshot("login_error.png")
# 验证登录是否成功
try:
wait.until(EC.title_contains("电子商务系统"))
if self.driver.title != "电子商务系统":
self.fail("标题不正确，实际为: " + self.driver.title)
#登录成功后存储cookies信息
self.save_cookies()
except:
self.driver.save_screenshot("title_verification_failed.png")
raise
定义查找的测试方法
def test_search(self):
#获取Cookies信息
self.load_cookies()
self.driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8000/goods_view/")
try:
# 执行搜索
search_input = self.judgeElement(By.NAME,"good")
search_input.clear()
search_input.send_keys("茶")
submit_button =self.judgeElement(By.XPATH,"//*[@id='navbar']/form/button")
submit_button.click()
elements = self.driver.find_elements(By.LINK_TEXT, "放入")
self.assertTrue(len(elements)> 0, "没有查询到")
except Exception as e:
print(f"搜索失败: {str(e)}")
self.driver.save_screenshot("search_failed.png")
raise
再加个测试方法，测试放入购物车
def test_put_into_char(self):
self.load_cookies()
self.driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8000/goods_view/")
try:
input_link = self.judgeElement(By.LINK_TEXT,"放入")
input_link.click()
elements = self.driver.find_elements(By.XPATH,'//font[@color="#FF0000" and text()="1"]')
self.assertIsNotNone(elements)
except Exception as e:
print(f"放入失败: {str(e)}")
self.driver.save_screenshot("put_into_char_failed.png")
raise
最后是结束方法
def tearDown(self):
self.driver.quit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
