现代化 Java Web 在线商城项目技术方案与实战开发流程及核心功能实现详解

2025-08-02 282

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简介： 本项目基于Spring Boot 3与Vue 3构建现代化在线商城系统，采用微服务架构，整合Spring Cloud、Redis、MySQL等技术，涵盖用户认证、商品管理、购物车功能，并支持Docker容器化部署与Kubernetes编排。提供完整CI/CD流程，助力高效开发与扩展。

现代化Java Web在线商城项目技术方案与实战

一、技术选型与架构设计

1.1 最新技术栈

后端：Spring Boot 3.0 + Spring Security 6.0 + Spring Data JPA + Hibernate
前端：Vue.js 3 + TypeScript + Vite + Element Plus
数据库：MySQL 8.0 + Redis 7.0
容器化：Docker + Kubernetes
微服务：Spring Cloud Gateway + Spring Cloud Netflix Eureka
CI/CD：Jenkins + GitHub Actions

1.2 架构设计

采用前后端分离的微服务架构：

API网关：统一入口，处理路由、认证、限流
服务注册与发现：使用Eureka实现微服务的自动注册与发现
配置中心：集中管理应用配置
服务间通信：使用RESTful API或Spring Cloud Stream
前端：SPA应用，通过API与后端交互

二、核心功能实现

2.1 用户认证与授权

使用Spring Security + JWT实现安全认证：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
   

    @Autowired
    private JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;

    @Autowired
    private JwtRequestFilter jwtRequestFilter;

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
   
        http.csrf().disable()
            .authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/api/auth/**").permitAll()
            .anyRequest().authenticated()
            .and()
            .exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint)
            .and()
            .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);

        http.addFilterBefore(jwtRequestFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
    }
}

2.2 商品服务实现

使用Spring Data JPA实现商品CRUD：

public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
   
    List<Product> findByCategory(String category);
    List<Product> findByNameContaining(String keyword);
}

@Service
@Transactional
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
   

    private final ProductRepository productRepository;

    @Override
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
   
        return productRepository.findAll();
    }

    @Override
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
   
        return productRepository.findById(id)
                .orElseThrow(() -> new EntityNotFoundException("Product not found"));
    }

    @Override
    public Product saveProduct(Product product) {
   
        return productRepository.save(product);
    }
}

2.3 购物车服务实现

使用Redis实现分布式购物车：

@Service
public class CartService {
   

    private static final String CART_KEY_PREFIX = "cart:";

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    public void addToCart(String userId, CartItem item) {
   
        String key = CART_KEY_PREFIX + userId;
        HashOperations<String, String, CartItem> hashOps = redisTemplate.opsForHash();

        if (hashOps.hasKey(key, item.getProductId().toString())) {
   
            CartItem existingItem = hashOps.get(key, item.getProductId().toString());
            existingItem.setQuantity(existingItem.getQuantity() + item.getQuantity());
            hashOps.put(key, item.getProductId().toString(), existingItem);
        } else {
   
            hashOps.put(key, item.getProductId().toString(), item);
        }
    }

    public List<CartItem> getCartItems(String userId) {
   
        String key = CART_KEY_PREFIX + userId;
        HashOperations<String, String, CartItem> hashOps = redisTemplate.opsForHash();
        return new ArrayList<>(hashOps.values(key));
    }
}

三、前端实现示例

3.1 使用Vue 3 + TypeScript构建商品列表组件

<template>
  <div class="product-list">
    <el-card v-for="product in products" :key="product.id" class="product-card">
      <template #header>
        <div class="card-header">{
  { product.name }}</div>
      </template>
      <img :src="product.imageUrl" alt="Product Image" class="product-image">
      <div class="product-info">
        <p>Price: ¥{
  { product.price }}</p>
        <p>Stock: {
  { product.stock }}</p>
        <el-button @click="addToCart(product.id)">Add to Cart</el-button>
      </div>
    </el-card>
  </div>
</template>

<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
import axios from 'axios';

interface Product {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  price: number;
  stock: number;
  imageUrl: string;
}

const products = ref<Product[]>([]);

const fetchProducts = async () => {
  try {
    const response = await axios.get('/api/products');
    products.value = response.data;
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Failed to fetch products:', error);
  }
};

const addToCart = (productId: number) => {
  axios.post('/api/cart/add', { productId, quantity: 1 })
    .then(() => {
      ElMessage.success('Added to cart successfully');
    })
    .catch(error => {
      ElMessage.error('Failed to add to cart');
      console.error(error);
    });
};

onMounted(fetchProducts);
</script>

3.2 状态管理集成Pinia

import {
    defineStore } from 'pinia';
import axios from 'axios';

export const useCartStore = defineStore({
   
  id: 'cart',
  state: () => ({
   
    cartItems: [] as CartItem[],
    loading: false,
    error: null as string | null
  }),
  getters: {
   
    totalItems: (state) => state.cartItems.reduce((total, item) => total + item.quantity, 0),
    totalPrice: (state) => state.cartItems.reduce((total, item) => 
      total + (item.price * item.quantity), 0)
  },
  actions: {
   
    async fetchCartItems() {
   
      this.loading = true;
      try {
   
        const response = await axios.get('/api/cart');
        this.cartItems = response.data;
      } catch (error) {
   
        this.error = error.message;
      } finally {
   
        this.loading = false;
      }
    },
    async addToCart(productId: number, quantity: number = 1) {
   
      try {
   
        await axios.post('/api/cart/add', {
    productId, quantity });
        await this.fetchCartItems();
      } catch (error) {
   
        this.error = error.message;
      }
    }
  }
});

四、微服务部署与容器化

4.1 Docker化应用

创建Dockerfile：

# 使用官方OpenJDK基础镜像
FROM openjdk:17-jdk-slim

# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /app

# 复制Maven构建产物
COPY target/online-store.jar /app/online-store.jar

# 暴露应用端口
EXPOSE 8080

# 启动应用
CMD ["java", "-jar", "online-store.jar"]

4.2 Kubernetes部署配置

创建Deployment和Service配置：

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: product-service
  labels:
    app: product-service
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: product-service
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: product-service
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: product-service
        image: your-registry/product-service:1.0.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
        env:
        - name: SPRING_DATASOURCE_URL
          value: jdbc:mysql://mysql-service:3306/online_store
        - name: SPRING_DATASOURCE_USERNAME
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: db-secret
              key: username
        - name: SPRING_DATASOURCE_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: db-secret
              key: password

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: product-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: product-service
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 8080
  type: LoadBalancer

五、CI/CD流水线配置

5.1 GitHub Actions配置

创建工作流配置文件：

name: Build and Deploy

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
    - name: Set up JDK 17
      uses: actions/setup-java@v3
      with:
        java-version: '17'
        distribution: 'temurin'
        cache: maven

    - name: Build with Maven
      run: mvn clean package -DskipTests

    - name: Build and push Docker image
      uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
      with:
        context: .
        push: true
        tags: your-registry/online-store:${
   {
    github.sha }}

  deploy:
    needs: build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - name: Deploy to Kubernetes
      uses: steebchen/kubectl@v2.0.0
      with:
        config: ${
   {
    secrets.KUBE_CONFIG }}
        command: |
          kubectl set image deployment/online-store online-store=your-registry/online-store:${
   { github.sha }}

六、项目优化与扩展

6.1 性能优化

使用Redis缓存热门商品数据
实现数据库读写分离
引入Elasticsearch实现商品搜索功能

6.2 安全增强

实现OAuth 2.0认证
集成CSRF防护
使用HTTPS加密通信

6.3 功能扩展

集成支付网关（如支付宝、微信支付）
实现订单追踪系统
开发移动端适配

通过以上方案，你可以构建一个现代化的Java Web在线商城系统，具备高性能、高可用、可扩展的特点。该方案充分利用了最新的技术栈，同时保持了良好的架构设计和代码组织，为后续功能扩展提供了坚实基础。

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代码获取方式
https://pan.quark.cn/s/14fcf913bae6