前言
之前在单机测试k8s的kind最近故障了，虚拟机运行个几分钟后就宕机了，不知道是根因是什么，而且kind部署k8s不太好做一些个性化配置，干脆用二进制方式重新搭一个单机k8s。

因为是用来开发测试的，所以control-plane就不做高可用了，etcd+apiserver+controller-manager+scheduler都只有一个实例。

环境信息：

主机：Debian 12.7，4核CPU、4GB内存、30GB存储（只是部署一个k8s的话，2C2G的配置也足够）
容器运行时：containerd v1.7.22
etcd: v3.4.34
kubernetes：v1.30.5
cni: calico v3.25.0
本文中的大部分配置文件已上传到gitee - k8s-note，目录为"安装k8s/二进制单机部署k8s-v1.30.5"，如有需要可直接clone repo.

准备
本节命令大部分都要root权限，如果执行命令时提示权限不足，可自行切换root用户或使用sudo。

调整主机参数
修改主机名。kubernetes要求每个节点的hostname不一样
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1
修改/etc/hosts文件。如果内网有自建DNS可忽略
192.168.0.31 k8s-node1
安装时间同步服务。如果有多台主机，要注意主机之间的时间要同步。内网如果有时间同步服务器，可以修改chrony的配置来指向内网时间同步服务器
sudo apt install -y chrony
sudo systemctl start chrony
关闭swap。默认情况下，k8s没法在使用swap的主机上运行。这里用的临时关闭命令，固化配置需要修改/etc/fstab文件，将swap相关配置行删除或注释。
sudo swapoff -a
装载内核模块。这步没做的话，下一步配置系统参数会报错。

1. 添加配置

cat < /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

2. 立即装载

modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter

3. 检查装载。如果没有输出结果则说明没有装载成功。

lsmod | grep br_netfilter
配置系统参数。主要是net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables、net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables和net.ipv4.ip_forward这三个参数，其它参数可按情况自行修改。

1. 添加配置文件

cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s-sysctl.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
user.max_user_namespaces=28633
vm.swappiness = 0
EOF

2. 配置生效

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s-sysctl.conf
启用ipvs。编写systemd配置文件，实现开机自动装载到内核。能安装ipvs的话就尽量使用ipvs，有助于提高集群的负载均衡性能。具体参见：https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/blog/2018/07/09/ipvs-based-in-cluster-load-balancing-deep-dive/

1. 安装依赖

apt install -y ipset ipvsadm

2. 立即装载

modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack

3. 固化到配置文件

cat << EOF > /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
EOF

4. 检查是否已装载

lsmod |grep ip_vs
安装containerd
k8s在1.24版本之后不再直接支持docker作为容器运行时，所以本文使用使用containerd。二进制安装包可从GitHub - containerd下载，注意要下载cri-containerd-cni版本的

解压到根目录。压缩包里面的文件是按照根目录结构组织的，所以要直接解压到根目录。
tar xf cri-containerd-cni-1.7.22-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /
创建配置文件目录并生成默认的配置文件
mkdir /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
编辑配置文件/etc/containerd/config.toml，修改以下内容

对于使用systemd作为init system的linux发行版，官方建议用systemd作为容器cgroup driver

false改成true

SystemdCgroup = true

pause镜像的地址改为自己在阿里云上传的镜像地址。如果是内网环境，可改为内网registry的地址

sandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/rainux/pause:3.9"
启动containerd
systemctl start containerd
systemctl enable containerd
执行命令测试下containerd是否正常。没报错一般就是正常的
crictl images
生成ca证书
后面的k8s和etcd集群都会用到ca证书。如果组织能提供统一的CA认证中心，则直接使用组织颁发的CA证书即可。如果没有统一的CA认证中心，则可以通过颁发自签名的CA证书来完成安全配置。这里自行生成一个ca证书。

生成私钥文件ca.key

openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048

根据私钥文件生成根证书文件ca.crt

/CN为master的主机名或IP地址

days为证书的有效期

openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key ca.key -subj "/CN=k8s-node1" -days 36500 -out ca.crt

拷贝ca证书到/etc/kubernetes/pki

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki
cp ca.crt ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/
安装etcd
etcd的安装包可以从官网下载，下载后解压。可以将压缩包中的etcd和etcdctl放到环境变量PATH中的目录。

编辑文件etcd_ssl.cnf。IP地址为etcd节点。
[ req ]
req_extensions = v3_req
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name

[ req_distinguished_name ]

[ v3_req ]

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[ alt_names ]
IP.1 = 192.168.0.31
创建etcd服务端证书
openssl genrsa -out etcd_server.key 2048
openssl req -new -key etcd_server.key -config etcd_ssl.cnf -subj "/CN=etcd-server" -out etcd_server.csr
openssl x509 -req -in etcd_server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -days 3650 -extensions v3_req -extfile etcd_ssl.cnf -out etcd_server.crt
创建etcd客户端证书
openssl genrsa -out etcd_client.key 2048
openssl req -new -key etcd_client.key -config etcd_ssl.cnf -subj "/CN=etcd-client" -out etcd_client.csr
openssl x509 -req -in etcd_client.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -days 3650 -extensions v3_req -extfile etcd_ssl.cnf -out etcd_client.crt
编辑etcd的配置文件。目录、文件路径，IP、端口等信息按实际情况修改
ETCD_NAME=etcd1
ETCD_DATA_DIR=/home/rainux/apps/etcd/data

ETCD_CERT_FILE=/home/rainux/apps/etcd/certs/etcd_server.crt
ETCD_KEY_FILE=/home/rainux/apps/etcd/certs/etcd_server.key
ETCD_TRUSTED_CA_FILE=/home/rainux/apps/certs/ca.crt
ETCD_CLIENT_CERT_AUTH=true
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS=https://192.168.0.31:2379
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS=https://192.168.0.31:2379

ETCD_PEER_CERT_FILE=/home/rainux/apps/etcd/certs/etcd_server.crt
ETCD_PEER_KEY_FILE=/home/rainux/apps/etcd/certs/etcd_server.key
ETCD_PEER_TRUSTED_CA_FILE=/home/rainux/apps/certs/ca.crt
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS=https://192.168.0.31:2380
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS=https://192.168.0.31:2380

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN=etcd-cluster
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.0.31:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE=new
编辑/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service，注意根据实际修改配置文件和etcd二进制文件的路径
[Unit]
Description=etcd key-value store
Documentation=https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd
After=network.target

[Service]
User=rainux
EnvironmentFile=/home/rainux/apps/etcd/conf/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/home/rainux/apps/etcd/etcd
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动etcd
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

检查service状态

systemctl status etcd
使用etcd客户端验证下etcd状态
etcdctl --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --cert=$HOME/apps/certs/etcd_client.crt --key=$HOME/apps/certs/etcd_client.key --endpoints=https://192.168.0.31:2379 endpoint health

正常情况下会有类似以下输出

https://192.168.0.31:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 13.705325ms
安装control-plane
k8s的二进制文件安装包可以从github下载：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases

在changelog中找到二进制包的下载链接，下载server binary即可，里面包含了master和node的二进制文件。

解压后将其中的二进制文件挪到 /usr/local/bin目录

安装apiserver
apiserver的核心功能是提供k8s各类资源对象的增删改查及watch等HTTP REST接口，成为集群内各个功能模块之间数据交互和通信的中心枢纽，是整个系统的数据总线和数据中心。除此之外，它还是集群管理的API入口，是资源配额控制的入口，提供了完备的集群安全机制。

编辑master_ssl.cnf。DNS.5为三台服务器的主机名，另行设置/etc/hosts。IP.1为Master Service虚拟服务的Cluster IP地址，IP.2为apiserver的服务器IP
[req]
req_extensions = v3_req
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
[req_distinguished_name]

[ v3_req ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[alt_names]
DNS.1 = kubernetes
DNS.2 = kubernetes.default
DNS.3 = kubernetes.default.svc
DNS.4 = kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
DNS.5 = k8s-node1
IP.1 = 169.169.0.1
IP.2 = 192.168.0.31
生成ssl证书文件
openssl genrsa -out apiserver.key 2048
openssl req -new -key apiserver.key -config master_ssl.cnf -subj "/CN=k8s-node1" -out apiserver.csr
openssl x509 -req -in apiserver.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -days 36500 -extensions v3_req -extfile master_ssl.cnf -out apiserver.crt
使用cfssl创建sa.pub和sa-key.pem。cfssl和cfssljson可以从GitHub - cfssl下载
cat< sa-csr.json
{
"CN":"sa",
"key":{
"algo":"rsa",
"size":2048
},
"names":[
{
"C":"CN",
"L":"BeiJing",
"ST":"BeiJing",
"O":"k8s",
"OU":"System"
}
]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -initca sa-csr.json | cfssljson -bare sa -

openssl x509 -in sa.pem -pubkey -noout > sa.pub
编辑kube-apiserver的配置文件，注意根据实际情况修改文件路径和etcd地址
KUBE_API_ARGS="--secure-port=6443 \
--tls-cert-file=/home/rainux/apps/certs/apiserver.crt \
--tls-private-key-file=/home/rainux/apps/certs/apiserver.key \
--client-ca-file=/home/rainux/apps/certs/ca.crt \
--service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
--service-account-key-file=/home/rainux/apps/certs/sa.pub \
--service-account-signing-key-file=/home/rainux/apps/certs/sa-key.pem \
--apiserver-count=1 \
--endpoint-reconciler-type=master-count \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.0.31:2379 \
--etcd-cafile=/home/rainux/apps/certs/ca.crt \
--etcd-certfile=/home/rainux/apps/certs/etcd_client.crt \
--etcd-keyfile=/home/rainux/apps/certs/etcd_client.key \
--service-cluster-ip-range=169.169.0.0/16 \
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \
--audit-log-maxage=15 \
--audit-log-path=/home/rainux/apps/kubernetes/logs/apiserver.log --v=2"
编辑service文件。/etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=etcd.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/home/rainux/apps/kubernetes/conf/apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_API_ARGS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动apiserver
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

检查service状态

systemctl status kube-apiserver
生成客户端证书
openssl genrsa -out client.key 2048

/CN的名称用于标识连接apiserver的客户端用户名称

openssl req -new -key client.key -subj "/CN=admin" -out client.csr
openssl x509 -req -in client.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out client.crt -days 36500
创建客户端连接apiserver所需的kubeconfig配置文件。其中server为nginx监听地址。注意根据实际修改配置。这个kubeconfig配置文件也可以给kubectl使用，所以开发环境中可以直接文件路径置为$HOME/.kube/config
apiVersion: v1
kind: Config
clusters:

• name: default
  cluster:
  server: https://192.168.0.31:6443
  certificate-authority: /home/rainux/apps/certs/ca.crt
  users:
• name: admin
  user:
  client-certificate: /home/rainux/apps/certs/client.crt
  client-key: /home/rainux/apps/certs/client.key
  contexts:
• context:
  cluster: default
  user: admin
  name: default
  current-context: default
  安装kube-controller-manager
  controller-manager通过apiserver提供的接口实时监控集群中特定资源的状态变化，当资源对象不符合预期状态时，controller-manager会尝试将其状态调整为期望的状态。

编辑配置文件 /home/rainux/apps/kubernetes/conf/kube-controller-manager.conf
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS="--kubeconfig=/home/rainux/.kube/config \
--leader-elect=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=169.169.0.0/16 \
--service-account-private-key-file=/home/rainux/apps/certs/apiserver.key \
--root-ca-file=/home/rainux/apps/certs/ca.crt \
--v=0"
编辑service文件/etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=kube-apiserver.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/home/rainux/apps/kubernetes/conf/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kube-controller-manager
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
安装kube-scheduler
编辑配置文件/home/rainux/apps/kubernetes/conf/kube-scheduler.conf
KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS="--kubeconfig=/home/rainux/.kube/config \
--leader-elect=true \
--v=0"
编辑service文件 /etc/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=kube-apiserver.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/home/rainux/apps/kubernetes/conf/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
安装worker node
安装kubelet
[kod.txcyhl.com）
[kod.qdeteng.cn）
[kod.tonghekeji.com）
[kod.ggainn.com）
[kod.xhyy99.com）
[kod.wellcomefj.com）
[kod.shaipaike.com）
[kod.cnkumi.com）
[kod.bulktech.net）
[kod.feng85.com）
编辑文件 /home/rainux/apps/kubernetes/conf/kubelet.conf。注意根据实际修改hostname-override和kubeconfig。
KUBELET_ARGS="--kubeconfig=/home/rainux/.kube/config \
--config=/home/rainux/apps/kubernetes/conf/kubelet.config \
--hostname-override=k8s-node1 \
--v=0 \
--container-runtime-endpoint="unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock"
编辑/home/rainux/apps/kubernetes/conf/kubelet.config文件。
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0 # 服务监听地址
port: 10250 # 服务监听端口号
cgroupDriver: systemd # cgroup驱动，默认为cgroupfs, 建议systemd
clusterDNS: ["169.169.0.100"] # 集群DNS地址
clusterDomain: cluster.local # 服务DNS域名后缀
authentication: # 是否允许匿名访问或者是否使用webhook鉴权
anonymous:
enabled: true
编辑service文件 /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=containerd.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/home/rainux/apps/kubernetes/conf/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_ARGS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kubelet
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
安装kube-proxy
编辑配置文件/home/rainux/apps/kubernetes/conf/kube-proxy.conf。proxy-mode参数默认为iptables，如果安装了ipvs，建议修改为ipvs
KUBE_PROXY_ARGS="--kubeconfig=/home/rainux/.kube/config \
--hostname-override=k8s-node1 \
--proxy-mode=ipvs \
--v=0"
编辑service文件 /etc/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=kubelet.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/home/rainux/apps/kubernetes/conf/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_ARGS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kube-proxy
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
安装calico
下载calico配置文件
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
如果可以正常访问docker hub，则可以直接使用配置文件来创建calico资源对象，否则需要修改其中的镜像地址。如果用的calico版本也是3.25.0，可以用我在阿里云上传的镜像。
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/rainux/calico:cni-v3.25.0
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/rainux/calico:node-v3.25.0
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/rainux/calico:kube-controllers-v3.25.0
执行安装
kubectl create -f calico.yaml
查看calico的pod是否正常运行。如果正常，状态应该都是running；若不正常，则需要describe pod的信息查看什么问题
kubectl get pods -A
安装CoreDNS

编辑部署文件 coredns.yaml。注意service中指定了clusterIP，以及镜像地址改为了我在阿里云上传的。

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
Corefile: |
cluster.local {
errors
health {
lameduck 5s
}
ready
kubernetes cluster.local 169.169.0.0/16 {
fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
}
prometheus :9153
forward . /etc/resolv.conf
cache 30
loop
reload
loadbalance
}
. {
cache 30
loadbalance
forward . /etc/resolv.conf
}

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
replicas: 1
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
spec:
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
tolerations:

    - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
      operator: "Exists"
  nodeSelector:
    kubernetes.io/os: linux
  affinity:
     podAntiAffinity:
       preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
       - weight: 100
         podAffinityTerm:
           labelSelector:
             matchExpressions:
               - key: k8s-app
                 operator: In
                 values: ["kube-dns"]
           topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
  containers:
  - name: coredns
    image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/rainux/coredns:1.11.3
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: 170Mi
      requests:
        cpu: 100m
        memory: 70Mi
    args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
    volumeMounts:
    - name: config-volume
      mountPath: /etc/coredns
      readOnly: true
    ports:
    - containerPort: 53
      name: dns
      protocol: UDP
    - containerPort: 53
      name: dns-tcp
      protocol: TCP
    - containerPort: 9153
      name: metrics
      protocol: TCP
    securityContext:
      allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
      capabilities:
        add:
        - NET_BIND_SERVICE
        drop:
        - all
      readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
    livenessProbe:
      httpGet:
        path: /health
        port: 8080
        scheme: HTTP
      initialDelaySeconds: 60
      timeoutSeconds: 5
      successThreshold: 1
      failureThreshold: 5
    readinessProbe:
      httpGet:
        path: /ready
        port: 8181
        scheme: HTTP
  dnsPolicy: Default
  volumes:
    - name: config-volume
      configMap:
        name: coredns
        items:
        - key: Corefile
          path: Corefile

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: "9153"
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: kube-dns
clusterIP: 169.169.0.100
ports:

• name: dns
  port: 53
  protocol: UDP
• name: dns-tcp
  port: 53
  protocol: TCP
• name: metrics
  port: 9153
  protocol: TCP
  创建coredns服务
  kubectl create -f coredns.yaml
  在repo中我放了一份test-dns.yaml用来测试dns是否正常。创建这个测试对象后，在debian的pod中安装nslookup，测试能否解析出svc-nginx

  创建测试dns的pod

  kubectl create -f test-dns.yaml

在debian的pod中安装nslookup和curl

apt update -y
apt install -y dnsutils curl

使用nslookup和curl测试能否通过域名请求到nginx服务

nslookup svc-nginx
curl http://svc-nginx
安装metrics-server
在新版k8s中，系统资源的采集和HPA功能均需要使用metrics-server

编辑配置文件。注意镜像地址
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
name: metrics-server

namespace: kube-system

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-admin: "true"
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true"
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-view: "true"
name: system:aggregated-metrics-reader
rules:

• apiGroups:
  • metrics.k8s.io
    resources:
  • pods
  • nodes
    verbs:
  • get
  • list
  • watch

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
name: system:metrics-server
rules:

• apiGroups:
  • ""
    resources:
  • nodes/metrics
    verbs:
  • get
• apiGroups:
  • ""
    resources:
  • pods
  • nodes
    verbs:
  • get
  • list
  • watch

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
name: metrics-server-auth-reader
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader
subjects:

• kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
name: metrics-server:system:auth-delegator
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:auth-delegator
subjects:

• kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
name: system:metrics-server
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:metrics-server
subjects:

• kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
spec:
ports:

• name: https
  port: 443
  protocol: TCP
  targetPort: https
  selector:
  k8s-app: metrics-server

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 0
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
spec:
containers:

  - args:
    - --cert-dir=/tmp
    - --secure-port=10250
    - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
    - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
    - --metric-resolution=15s
    - --kubelet-insecure-tls  # 添加该行参数以使用自签名证书
    image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/rainux/metrics-server:v0.7.2
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    livenessProbe:
      failureThreshold: 3
      httpGet:
        path: /livez
        port: https
        scheme: HTTPS
      periodSeconds: 10
    name: metrics-server
    ports:
    - containerPort: 10250
      name: https
      protocol: TCP
    readinessProbe:
      failureThreshold: 3
      httpGet:
        path: /readyz
        port: https
        scheme: HTTPS
      initialDelaySeconds: 20
      periodSeconds: 10
    resources:
      requests:
        cpu: 100m
        memory: 200Mi
    securityContext:
      allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
      capabilities:
        drop:
        - ALL
      readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
      runAsNonRoot: true
      runAsUser: 1000
      seccompProfile:
        type: RuntimeDefault
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /tmp
      name: tmp-dir
  nodeSelector:
    kubernetes.io/os: linux
  priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
  serviceAccountName: metrics-server
  volumes:
  - emptyDir: {}
    name: tmp-dir

apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: APIService
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
name: v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io
spec:
group: metrics.k8s.io
groupPriorityMinimum: 100
insecureSkipTLSVerify: true
service:
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
version: v1beta1
versionPriority: 100
创建相关资源对象
kubectl create -f metrics-server.yaml
执行相关命令测试是否安装正常
kubectl top node
kubectl top pod
小结
按照以上步骤执行完成后，一个用于开发测试的单机k8s就搭建好了，而且增加节点也比较方便，同时二进制部署方式也便于修改集群参数。