概述
C++跨平台开发时,我们经常会遇到一系列挑战和问题。这些问题主要源自不同操作系统和编译器之间的差异,这些差异包括但不限于以下几点。
1、不同的编译器(比如:GCC、Clang、MSVC等)对C++标准的支持程度和扩展特性存在差异,这可能导致同样的代码在不同平台上编译失败或行为不一致。
2、不同平台的系统头文件路径和库文件位置可能不同,需要通过条件编译或构建系统(比如:CMake)来进行适配。
3、Windows使用反斜杠\作为路径分隔符,而Unix-like系统使用正斜杠/。
4、不同平台的线程库和并发API有差异,这在前面的文章中已经提到过。
5、不同平台的内存对齐规则和字节序(大端或小端)可能不同,需要确保数据结构的定义和数据传输代码考虑到了这些差异。
6、动态库的命名规则、加载机制和依赖管理在不同平台上有差异,需要通过平台特定的配置来解决。
CHP_Utils
为了解决上面跨平台开发遇到的挑战和问题,我们封装了CHP_Utils类。CHP_Utils类是一个接口类,不需要实例化。因此,我们将构造函数和析构函数声明成了私有的,并提供了若干实用的静态函数。这些静态函数涵盖获取当前进程ID、获取当前线程ID、获取本地时间、获取CPU的使用率、获取内存的占用情况、获取网络的使用情况、获取磁盘目录的空间容量、字符串接口、文件路径接口等各种操作。
CHP_Utils类的头文件,可参考下面的示例代码。
class CHP_Utils { public: static int GetPID(); static int GetThreadSelfID(); static unsigned int GetCurTick(); static int GetLastErrorCode(); static int GetLocalTime(time_t tmTime, struct tm &tmLocal); static int GetGmTime(time_t tmTime, struct tm &tmGm); static int GetCPULoad(unsigned int &uiCPUCount, unsigned int &uiHighestLoad); static int GetMemoryLoad(unsigned int &uiTotalMemMB, unsigned int &uiAvailMemMB); static int GetNetworkLoad(unsigned int &uiDownloadBytePerSec, unsigned int &uiUploadBytePerSec, const char *pszInterface = "eth0"); static int GetDiskSpace(const char *pszDiskDir, unsigned int &uiTotalMB, unsigned int &uiFreeMB); static int GetProcessCPULoad(unsigned int &uiCPULoad); static int GetProcessMemoryLoad(unsigned int &uiMemMB, unsigned int &uiVirMemMB); static void GetDiskSerialNumber(std::vector<std::string> &vctSerialNumber); static void Sleep(unsigned int uiTimeMs); static int StrCompareIgnoreCase(const char *pszText1, const char *pszText2); static int StrCompareIgnoreCase(const std::string &strText1, const std::string &strText2); static void StrToLower(char *pszText); static void StrToLower(std::string &strText); static void StrToUpper(char *pszText); static void StrToUpper(std::string &strText); static char *StrDequote(char *pszText); static void StrDequote(std::string &strText); static int StrTrim(char *pszText, const char cTrim = ' '); static int StrTrim(std::string &strText, const char cTrim = ' '); static void StrSplitByChar(const char *pszText, std::vector<std::string> &vctSubText, const char pszSplitChar[] = ";,", bool bTrim = true, bool bIgnoreBlank = false, bool bSupportQuote = false); static void StrSplitByStr(const char *pszText, std::vector<std::string> &vctSubText, const char *pszSplitStr, bool bTrim = true, bool bIgnoreBlank = false); static void StrGetAttribValue(const char *pszText, std::string &strAttr, std::string &strValue, bool bTrim = false, bool bDequote = false); static void StrGetAttribValueMap(const char *pszText, std::map<std::string, std::string> &mapAttrToVal, bool bTrim = false, bool bSupportQuote = false, bool bDequote = false, const char *pszSplitChar = " ;,"); static char *HexStrToData(const char *pszHex, char *pData); static void HexStrToData(const std::string &strHexText, std::string &strData); static char *DataToHexStr(char *pData, int nDataLen, char *pszHexStr, bool bLowerCase = false, bool bWithPrefix0x = false); static void DataToHexStr(const std::string &strData, std::string &strHexText, bool bLowerCase = false, bool bWithPrefix0x = false); static bool StrMatched(const char *pszText, const char *pszPattern); static bool IsFileExist(const char *pszFile); static bool IsDirExist(const char *pszDir); static bool IsDirEmpty(const char *pszDir); static bool IsAbsolutePath(const char *pszPath); static bool IsPathEndWithSlash(const char *pszPath); static void NormalizePath(char pszPath[MAX_PATH], const char cSeparator = HP_FILE_PATH_SEP_CHR); static void NormalizePath(std::string &strPath, const char cSeparator = HP_FILE_PATH_SEP_CHR); static void AppendPath(char pszPath[MAX_PATH], const char *pszMore, const char cSeparator = HP_FILE_PATH_SEP_CHR); static void AppendPath(std::string &strPath, const std::string &strMore, const char cSeparator = HP_FILE_PATH_SEP_CHR); static char *GetParentDirPath(char pszParentDirPath[MAX_PATH], const char *pszDirPath, const char cSeparator = HP_FILE_PATH_SEP_CHR); static void GetParentDirPath(std::string &strParentDirPath, const std::string &strDirPath, const char cSeparator = HP_FILE_PATH_SEP_CHR); static char *GetAppPathName(char pszPathName[MAX_PATH], HP_HANDLE hModule = NULL); static void GetAppPathName(std::string &strPathName, HP_HANDLE hModule = NULL); static char *GetAppOnlyPath(char pszPath[MAX_PATH], HP_HANDLE hModule = NULL); static void GetAppOnlyPath(std::string &strPath, HP_HANDLE hModule = NULL); static char *GetAppOnlyName(char pszName[MAX_PATH], HP_HANDLE hModule = NULL); static void GetAppOnlyName(std::string &strName, HP_HANDLE hModule = NULL); static char *PathNameToPath(char pszPath[MAX_PATH], const char *pszPathName, const char cSeparator = HP_FILE_PATH_SEP_CHR); static char *PathNameToName(char pszName[MAX_PATH], const char *pszPathName); static char *PathNameToNoExtName(char pszName[MAX_PATH], const char *pszPathName); static char *PathNameToExt(char pszExt[MAX_PATH], const char *pszPathName, bool bNoDot = true); static int UpdateTextFile(const char *pszFilePath, const char *pszText); static unsigned int Crc32(const unsigned char *pBuf, int nBufLen, unsigned int uiInitialCrc = 0); static int System(const char *pszCommand, bool bRunInBackgroundProcess = true); static int Fork(char *argv[], int &nPID, bool bRunInBackgroundProcess = true); static int WaitPID(int nPID, bool bRunInBackgroundProcess = true); static int GetPIDByCommand(const char *pszCommand, bool bExactlyMatch = false); private: CHP_Utils(); ~CHP_Utils(); static bool StrMatchedInternal(const char *pszText, char *pszPattern); static bool IsQuanJiao(const char *pszText); static char *StrnCpy(char *pszDst, const char *pszSrc, size_t szLen); static void MakeCrcTable(); static char CharToHex(char cValue); static bool IsCommandProcessExist(int nPID, const char *pszCommand); static bool ComposeForkData(char *argv[], char *pData, int &nDataLen); private: static HQUERY s_hQueryCPU; static HCOUNTER *s_pCounterCPU[HP_UTILS_MAX_PROCESSOR_COUNT]; static HQUERY s_hQueryDownNetwork; static HQUERY s_hQueryUpNetwork; static std::vector<HCOUNTER *> s_vctCounterDownNetwork; static std::vector<HCOUNTER *> s_vctCounterUpNetwork; static HQUERY s_hQueryProcessCPU; static HQUERY s_hQueryProcessMem; static HQUERY s_hQueryProcessVirMem; static HCOUNTER *s_pCounterProcessCPU; static HCOUNTER *s_pCounterProcessMem; static HCOUNTER *s_pCounterProcessVirMem; static float s_pfLastCPUIdle[HP_UTILS_MAX_PROCESSOR_COUNT]; static unsigned int s_puiLastCPUTotal[HP_UTILS_MAX_PROCESSOR_COUNT]; static unsigned int s_uiLastDownload; static unsigned int s_uiLastUpload; static unsigned int s_uiLastNetworkTick; static float s_fLastTotalTime; static float s_fLastProcessTime; static float s_fCurTotalTime; static float s_fCurProcessTime; static CHP_Mutex m_mutexDir; static HP_SOCKET m_sockBackgroundProcess; static CHP_Mutex m_mutexBackgroundProcess; static bool s_bCrcTableEmpty; static unsigned int s_puiCrcTable[256]; };
CHP_Utils类提供的公共接口有60个左右,这里就不一一介绍了。
总结
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