django 实现完整登录系统
本操作的环境:
===================
Windows 7 64
python3.5
Django 1.10
===================
创建项目与应用 :
#创建项目
django-admin.py startproject mysite5
cd mysite5
#在项目下创建一个online应用
python manage.py3.5 startapp online
目录结构如下:
打开mysite5/mysite5/settings.py文件,将应用添加进去:
# Application definition INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'online', )
设计数据库 :
打开mysite5/online/models.py文件,添加如下内容:
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class User(models.Model): username = models.CharField(max_length=50) password = models.CharField(max_length=50) def __unicode__(self): return self.username
创建数据库,创建User表,用户名和密码两个字段。
下面进行数据库的同步:
注:在Django1.9之前,数据库同步只需要一条命令,那就是python3.5 manage.py syncdb。
Django1.9之后需要以下命令:
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\mysite5> python3.5 manage.py makemigrations #为这些修改创建迁移文件
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\mysite5> python3.5 manage.py migrate #将这些改变更新到数据库中
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\mysite5> python3.5 manage.py createsuperuser#创建管理员账户,不是必须
Username (leave blank to use 'fnngj'): 用户名(默认当前系统用户名) Email address: fnngj@126.com 邮箱地址 Password: 密码 Password (again): 确认密码 Superuser created successfully. Installing custom SQL ... Installing indexes ... Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
后生成的 online_user 表就是我们models.py 中所创建的User类。
配置URL
打开mysite5/mysite5/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include from django.contrib import admin from online import views urlpatterns = [ # Examples: # url(r'^$', 'mysite5.views.home', name='home'), url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^online/', include('online.urls')), ]
在mysite5/online/目录下创建urls.py文件:
from django.conf.urls import url,include from django.contrib import admin from online import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', views.login, name='login'), url(r'^login/$',views.login,name = 'login'), url(r'^regist/$',views.regist,name = 'regist'), url(r'^index/$',views.index,name = 'index'), url(r'^logout/$',views.logout,name = 'logout'), ]
创建视图
打开mysite5/online/views.py 文件:
views.py
这里实现了所有注册,登陆逻辑,中间用到cookie创建,读取,删除操作等。
创建模板
先在mysite5/online/目录下创建templates目录,接着在mysite5/online/templates/目录下创建regist.html 文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>注册</title> </head> <body> <h1>注册页面:</h1> <form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} {{uf.as_p}} <input type="submit" value = "ok" /> </form> <br> <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/login/">登陆</a> </body> </html>
mysite5/online/templates/目录下创建login.html 文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>登陆</title> </head> <body> <h1>登陆页面:</h1> <form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} {{uf.as_p}} <input type="submit" value = "ok" /> </form> <br> <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/regist/">注册</a> </body> </html>
mysite5/online/templates/目录下创建index.html 文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>welcome {{username}} !</h1> <br> <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/logout/">退出</a> </body> </html>
设置模板路径
打开mysite5/mysite5/settings.py文件,在底部添加:
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'online/templates'),
)
使用功能 :
注册成功,提示“regist success!!”
登陆
执行登陆操作,通过读取浏览器cookie 来获取用户名
登录成功