Oracle 11g RAC集群日常运维命令总结

一、高频集群管理命令

在日常运维工作中，我们可以利用srvctl和crsctl命令进行RAC集群的管理。

SRVCTL（Server Control）是一个命令行工具，用于管理Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR)上的资源，包括节点应用（nodeapps）、Oracle Notification Service (ONS)、Global Services Daemon (GSD)等。它还可以管理数据库、实例、监听器、服务和应用程序。通过SRVCTL，可以启动或停止nodeapps、数据库、实例、监听器和服务，添加、删除或移除实例和服务，以及管理配置信息。

CRSCTL（Cluster Ready Services Control）是一个命令行工具，用于管理Oracle Clusterware守护进程，包括Cluster Synchronization Services (CSS)、Cluster-Ready Services (CRS)和Event Manager (EVM)。通过CRSCTL，可以启动或停止Oracle Cluster，并查看其当前状态。

RAC集群几个主要进程：

1. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep lmd
   
2. grid      4458     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_lmd0_+ASM1
   
3. oracle    4909     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:01 ora_lmd0_orcl1
   
4. oracle    5609  5554  0 22:48 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto lmd
   
5. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep lck
   
6. grid      4485     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_lck0_+ASM1
   
7. oracle    4956     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_lck0_orcl1
   
8. oracle    5686  5554  0 22:49 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto lck
   
9. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep lmon
   
10. grid      4456     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_lmon_+ASM1
    
11. oracle    4907     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_lmon_orcl1
    
12. oracle    5713  5554  0 22:49 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto lmon
    
13. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep lms
    
14. grid      4460     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:01 asm_lms0_+ASM1
    
15. oracle    4911     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:01 ora_lms0_orcl1
    
16. oracle    4915     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:01 ora_lms1_orcl1
    
17. oracle    5751  5554  0 22:50 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto lms
    
18. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep diag
    
19. grid      4450     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_diag_+ASM1
    
20. oracle    4897     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl1
    
21. oracle    5791  5554  0 22:50 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto diag
    
22. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep rbal
    
23. grid      4476     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_rbal_+ASM1
    
24. oracle    4935     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_rbal_orcl1
    
25. oracle    5828  5554  0 22:51 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto rbal
    
26. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep asmb
    
27. grid      4520     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_asmb_+ASM1
    
28. grid      4522     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 oracle+ASM1_asmb_+asm1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
    
29. oracle    4937     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_asmb_orcl1
    
30. grid      4941     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 oracle+ASM1_asmb_orcl1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
    
31. oracle    5852  5554  0 22:51 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto asmb
    
32. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep ping
    
33. root      2928  2503  0 22:42 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-housekeeping
    
34. grid      4452     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_ping_+ASM1
    
35. oracle    4901     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_ping_orcl1
    
36. oracle    5888  5554  0 22:52 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ping
    
37. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep lmhb
    
38. grid      4464     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_lmhb_+ASM1
    
39. oracle    4921     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_lmhb_orcl1
    
40. oracle    5917  5554  0 22:52 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto lmhb
    
41. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep rms
    
42. oracle    4919     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_rms0_orcl1
    
43. oracle    5937  5554  0 22:52 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto rms
    
44. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep rsm
    
45. oracle    4958     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_rsmn_orcl1
    
46. oracle    5970  5554  0 22:53 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto rsm
    
47. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep gtx
    
48. oracle    5001     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_gtx0_orcl1
    
49. oracle    6000  5554  0 22:53 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto gtx
    
50. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep rcbg
    
51. oracle    5003     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_rcbg_orcl1
    
52. oracle    6033  5554  0 22:54 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto rcbg
    
53. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep acms
    
54. oracle    4903     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_acms_orcl1
    
55. oracle    6063  5554  0 22:54 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto acms
    
56. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep css
    
57. root      2380     1  0 16:33 ?        00:00:03 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/cssdmonitor
    
58. root      2392     1  0 16:33 ?        00:00:04 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/cssdagent
    
59. grid      2415     1  0 16:33 ?        00:00:24 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/ocssd.bin
    
60. oracle   13263 13218  0 18:20 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto css
    
61. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$  ps -ef|grep crs
    
62. root      2722     1  1 16:34 ?        00:01:08 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsd.bin reboot
    
63. oracle   13278 13218  0 18:20 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto crs
    
64. [oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$ ps -ef|grep evm
    
65. grid      2608     1  0 16:34 ?        00:00:31 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/evmd.bin
    
66. grid      2842  2608  0 16:34 ?        00:00:00 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/evmlogger.bin -o /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/evm/log/evmlogger.info -l /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/evm/log/evmlogger.log
    
67. oracle   13291 13218  0 18:20 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto evm
    
68. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ ps -ef|grep asm
    
69. grid      4409     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_pmon_+ASM1
    
70. grid      4411     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_psp0_+ASM1
    
71. grid      4444     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:01 asm_vktm_+ASM1
    
72. grid      4448     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_gen0_+ASM1
    
73. grid      4450     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:02 asm_diag_+ASM1
    
74. grid      4452     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_ping_+ASM1
    
75. grid      4454     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:05 asm_dia0_+ASM1
    
76. grid      4456     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:04 asm_lmon_+ASM1
    
77. grid      4458     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:04 asm_lmd0_+ASM1
    
78. grid      4460     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:07 asm_lms0_+ASM1
    
79. grid      4464     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_lmhb_+ASM1
    
80. grid      4466     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_mman_+ASM1
    
81. grid      4468     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_dbw0_+ASM1
    
82. grid      4470     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_lgwr_+ASM1
    
83. grid      4472     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_ckpt_+ASM1
    
84. grid      4474     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_smon_+ASM1
    
85. grid      4476     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_rbal_+ASM1
    
86. grid      4478     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_gmon_+ASM1
    
87. grid      4480     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_mmon_+ASM1
    
88. grid      4482     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_mmnl_+ASM1
    
89. grid      4485     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_lck0_+ASM1
    
90. grid      4520     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 asm_asmb_+ASM1
    
91. grid      4522     1  0 22:43 ?        00:00:00 oracle+ASM1_asmb_+asm1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
    
92. oracle    4937     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_asmb_orcl1
    
93. grid      4941     1  0 22:44 ?        00:00:00 oracle+ASM1_asmb_orcl1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
    
94. grid      9289  6360  0 23:33 pts/3    00:00:00 grep --color=auto asm
    

（一）RAC集群配置查看

1、查看 scan ip 地址配置

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl config scan
   
2. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl status scan
   

2、查看 SCAN 监听情况

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl status scan_listener
   

3、查询节点应用程序状态

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl status nodeapps
   

4、查看节点应用程序配置(VIP、GSD、ONS、监听器)

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl config nodeapps
   

5、查看TNS监听

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl status listener
   

查看监听配置

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl config listener -a
   

6、查看vip网络

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl status vip -n rac1
   

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl config vip -n rac1
   
2. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl config vip -n rac2
   

7、查看集群私网信息

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ oifcfg getif
   

8、查看ASM

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$  srvctl status asm
   

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl config asm -a
   

9、验证所有集群节点间的时钟同步

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$  cluvfy comp clocksync -verbose
   

（二）集群服务启停命令

1、查询当前集群软件版本和主机名

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl query crs softwareversion rac1
   

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl query crs activeversion
   

2、查看集群的名称

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ cemutlo -n
   

3、检查Cluster Ready Services（CRS）的状态

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl check crs
   

4、检查Cluster Synchronization Services Daemon（CSSD）的状态

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl check cssd
   

5、检查Cluster Ready Services Daemon（CRSD）的状态

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl check crsd
   

6、检查Event Manager Daemon（EVM）的状态

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl check evmd
   

7、查看voting disk位置

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl query css votedisk
   

8、查看集群的进程状态

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl check cluster
   

查看集群组件状态

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ crs_stat -t -v
   

9、一键启停所有节点上的css及资源

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl stop cluster -all
   
2. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl start cluster -all
   

10、检查并显示OCR（Oracle Cluster Registry）的位置

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ ocrcheck
   

11、查看数据库的状态

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl status database -d orcl
   

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl config database -d orcl -a
   

12、启动数据库

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl start database -d orcl
   

13、详细输出资源全名称并检查状态

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl status resource -t
   

14、查看ocr备份信息

1. [grid@rac1:/home/grid]$ ocrconfig -showbackup
   

（三）ASM磁盘组相关维护命令

1、查看磁盘状态

1. SQL> set lines 200 pages 200
   
2. SQL> select group_number,name,type,total_mb,free_mb   from v$asm_diskgroup;
   

1. SQL> col name for a20
   
2. SQL> col path for a50
   
3. SQL> select NAME,PATH,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_disk;
   

1. SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
   

2、asm 磁盘组删除

1. sql>drop diskgroup DATA;
   

3、asm磁盘组添加磁盘

1. sql> alter diskgroup data add disk '/dev/mapper/asm_data';
   

4、使用asmcmd增加删除磁盘、磁盘组、控制磁盘Rebalance

（1）增加磁盘：

1. 使用asmcmd命令登录到ASM实例：asmcmd
   
2. 使用lsdg命令列出所有磁盘组：lsdg    
   
3. 使用ls命令列出所有磁盘组中的磁盘：ls <diskgroup_name>
   
4. 使用cd命令切换到目标磁盘组：cd <diskgroup_name>
   
5. 使用mkdisk命令创建新磁盘：mkdisk <disk_name> <path_to_disk>
   
6. 使用ls命令确认新磁盘已添加到磁盘组：ls
   

（2）删除磁盘：

1. 使用asmcmd命令登录到ASM实例：asmcmd
   
2. 使用lsdg命令列出所有磁盘组：lsdg
   
3. 使用ls命令列出所有磁盘组中的磁盘：ls <diskgroup_name>
   
4. 使用cd命令切换到目标磁盘组：cd <diskgroup_name>
   
5. 使用rm命令删除指定磁盘：rm <disk_name>
   
6. 使用ls命令确认磁盘已从磁盘组中删除：ls
   

（3）增加磁盘组：

1. 使用asmcmd命令登录到ASM实例：asmcmd
   
2. 使用lsdg命令列出所有磁盘组：lsdg
   
3. 使用mkdg命令创建新磁盘组：mkdg <diskgroup_name> <disk1, disk2, ...>
   
4. 使用lsdg命令确认新磁盘组已创建成功：lsdg
   

（四）常用的几个SQL命令

1、查看数据库基础信息

1. SQL> set lines 200 pages 200
   
2. SQL> select name,log_mode,open_mode,platform_name,db_unique_name from v$database;
   

2、查看数据库版本

1. SQL> SELECT * FROM v$version;
   

3、查看数据库字符集

1. SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter like '%CHARACTERSET%';
   

4、查看实例的运行状态

1. SQL> SELECT instance_name, status FROM v$instance;
   

5、查看归档的状态

1. SQL> archive log list;