DM日常运维高频命令总结

一、基础命令

查询数据库版本

1. SQL>SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;
   

查看当前有多少用户

1. SQL> SELECT USERNAME FROM DBA_USERS;
   

查看当前有多少表空间

1. SELECT * FROM DBA_TABLESPACES;
   

查看各表空间的数据量

1. set pagesize 500
   
2. set linesize 500
   
3. SELECT
   
4.    TABLESPACE_NAME AS 表空间名,
   
5.    ROUND(SUM(TOTAL_SIZE) / 1024.0 / 1024.0, 2) AS "总大小(MB)",
   
6.    ROUND(SUM(USED_SIZE)/ 1024.0 / 1024.0, 2) AS "已使用大小(MB)",
   
7.    CAST(ROUND(SUM(USED_SIZE) * 1.0 / SUM(TOTAL_SIZE) * 100,2) AS VARCHAR) || '%' AS 使用率
   
8. FROM
   
9. (
   
10.    SELECT
    
11.        UPPER(T1.TABLESPACE_NAME) AS TABLESPACE_NAME,
    
12.        T1.BYTES AS TOTAL_SIZE,
    
13.        T1.BYTES - T2.BYTES AS USED_SIZE
    
14.    FROM
    
15.        DBA_DATA_FILES T1,
    
16.        DBA_FREE_SPACE T2
    
17.    WHERE
    
18.        T1.TABLESPACE_NAME = T2.TABLESPACE_NAME
    
19.        AND T1.FILE_ID = T2.FILE_ID
    
20. )
    
21. GROUP BY
    
22.    TABLESPACE_NAME;
    
23. --------------------查看表空间同数据文件对应关系
    
24. SELECT
    
25.    TS.NAME AS 表空间名,
    
26.    DF.PATH AS 数据文件
    
27. FROM
    
28.    V$TABLESPACE AS TS,
    
29.    V$DATAFILE AS DF
    
30. WHERE
    
31.    TS.ID = DF.GROUP_ID
    
32. ORDER BY
    
33.    1;
    

查看所有用户、创建时间、默认表空间、等基本信息

1. SELECT
   
2.    USERNAME AS 用户名,
   
3.    DEFAULT_TABLESPACE AS 默认数据表空间,
   
4.    DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE AS 默认索引表空间,
   
5.    TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE AS 临时表空间,
   
6.    DECODE(ACCOUNT_STATUS,'OPEN','正常','LOCKED','锁定','未知') AS 用户状态,
   
7.    CREATED AS 创建时间
   
8. FROM
   
9.    DBA_USERS;
   
10. --------------------查看用户数据库限制
    
11. SELECT
    
12.    T1.USERNAME AS 用户名,
    
13.    DECODE(T2.AUTHENT_TYPE,1,'数据库密码认证',2,'操作系统认证',3,'远程认证','未知认证方式') AS 用户认证方式,
    
14.    T2.SESS_PER_USER AS 用户最大会话数,
    
15.    T2.CONN_IDLE_TIME AS "用户空闲期（分钟1-1440）",
    
16.    T2.FAILED_NUM AS 用户登录失败次数限制,
    
17.    T2.LIFE_TIME AS "口令有效期（天0-365）",
    
18.    T2.REUSE_TIME AS "口令等待期（天0-365）",
    
19.    T2.REUSE_MAX AS 口令变更次数,
    
20.    T2.LOCK_TIME AS "用户锁定时间（分1-1440）",
    
21.    T2.GRACE_TIME AS "口令宽限期1-30",
    
22.    T2.PASSWORD AS 密码策略,
    
23.    T2.RN_FLAG AS 只读,
    
24.    T2.ALLOW_ADDR AS 允许访问的IP,
    
25.    T2.NOT_ALLOW_ADDR AS 不允许访问的IP,
    
26.    T2.ALLOW_DT AS 允许访问的时间,
    
27.    T2.NOT_ALLOW_DT AS 不允许访问的时间,
    
28.    T2.LAST_LOGIN_DTID AS 上次登录时间,
    
29.    T2.LAST_LOGIN_IP AS 上次登录IP,
    
30.    T2.FAILED_ATTEMPS AS 自上一次登录成功以来失败次数
    
31. FROM
    
32.    DBA_USERS T1,
    
33.    SYSUSERS T2
    
34. WHERE
    
35.     T1.USER_ID = T2.ID;
    
36. --------------------查看用户对象统计信息
    
37. SELECT  
    
38.    S2.NAME AS 模式名,
    
39.    S1.TYPE$ AS 主类型,
    
40.    S1.SUBTYPE$ AS 子类型,
    
41.    COUNT(*) AS 对象数量
    
42. FROM
    
43.    SYSOBJECTS S1,
    
44.    SYSOBJECTS S2
    
45. WHERE
    
46.    S1.SCHID = S2.ID
    
47.    AND S2.TYPE$ = 'SCH'
    
48. GROUP BY
    
49.    S2.NAME,
    
50.    S1.TYPE$,
    
51.    S1.SUBTYPE$
    
52. ORDER BY
    
53.    S2.NAME,
    
54.    S1.TYPE$,
    
55.    S1.SUBTYPE$;
    
56. --------------------查看用户占用空间大小
    
57. SELECT
    
58.    USERNAME AS 用户名,
    
59.    USER_USED_SPACE(USERNAME) * PAGE / 1024.0 / 1024.0 AS "用户占用空间(MB)"
    
60. FROM
    
61.    DBA_USERS
    
62. ORDER BY
    
63.    2 DESC;
    

统计所有用户表行数

1. SELECT
   
2.    T2.NAME AS 模式名,
   
3.    T1.NAME AS 表名,
   
4.    TABLE_ROWCOUNT(T2.NAME,T1.NAME) AS 行数
   
5. FROM
   
6.    SYSOBJECTS T1,
   
7.    SYSOBJECTS T2
   
8. WHERE
   
9.    T1.SCHID = T2.ID
   
10.    AND T1.SUBTYPE$ = 'UTAB'
    
11.    AND T2."TYPE$" = 'SCH'
    
12. ORDER BY 3 DESC;
    
13. --------------------统计所有用户表行数以及筛查某行数级别以上表行数 输入参数1：百万，千万，亿...等等，也可以共存，复制一行
    
14. SELECT
    
15.    模式名,
    
16.    COUNT(表名) AS 表数量,
    
17.    COUNT(CASE WHEN 行数 > ? THEN 行数 ELSE NULL END) AS 百万表数量
    
18. FROM
    
19. (
    
20.    SELECT
    
21.        T2.NAME AS 模式名,
    
22.        T1.NAME AS 表名,
    
23.        TABLE_ROWCOUNT(T2.NAME,T1.NAME) AS 行数
    
24.    FROM
    
25.        SYSOBJECTS T1,
    
26.        SYSOBJECTS T2
    
27.    WHERE
    
28.        T1.SCHID = T2.ID
    
29.        AND T1.SUBTYPE$ = 'UTAB'
    
30.        AND T2."TYPE$" = 'SCH'
    
31.    --ORDER BY 3 DESC
    
32. )
    
33. GROUP BY 模式名
    
34. --------------------获取所有用户表定义
    
35. SELECT
    
36.    T2.NAME AS 模式名,
    
37.    T1.NAME AS 表名,
    
38.    T1.CRTDATE AS 创建时间,
    
39.    DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR(DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE',T1.NAME,T2.NAME)) AS 表定义
    
40. FROM
    
41.    SYSOBJECTS T1,
    
42.    SYSOBJECTS T2
    
43. WHERE
    
44.    T1."SUBTYPE$" = 'UTAB'
    
45.      AND T1.SCHID = T2.ID
    
46.      AND T2."TYPE$" = 'SCH';
    
47. --------------------统计用户表列信息
    
48. SELECT
    
49.    S1.NAME AS 表名,
    
50.    S2.NAME AS 列名,
    
51.    S2."TYPE$" AS 字段类型,
    
52.    S2."LENGTH$" AS 字段长度
    
53. FROM
    
54.    SYSOBJECTS S1,
    
55.    SYSCOLUMNS S2
    
56. WHERE
    
57.    S1."SUBTYPE$" = 'UTAB'
    
58.    AND S1.ID = S2.ID;
    
59. --------------------查看表占用空间大小
    
60. SELECT
    
61.    S2.NAME AS 模式名,
    
62.    S1.NAME AS 表名,
    
63.    TABLE_USED_SPACE(S2.NAME,S1.NAME) * PAGE /1024.0/1024.0 AS "表占用空间(MB)"
    
64. FROM
    
65.    SYSOBJECTS S1,
    
66.    SYSOBJECTS S2
    
67. WHERE
    
68.    S1.SCHID = S2.ID
    
69.    AND S1."SUBTYPE$" = 'UTAB'
    
70.    AND S2."TYPE$" = 'SCH'
    
71. ORDER BY
    
72.    3 DESC;
    

查询当前会话数和数量

1. SQL>SELECT * FROM V$SESSIONS;
   
2. 
   
3. SQL>SELECT  COUNT(*)  FROM V$SESSIONS;
   

查询当前的事务数

1. SQL>SELECT COUNT(*) FROM V$TRX;
   

查询等待事件

1. SQL>SELECT * FROM V$TRXWAIT;
   

查询内存池

1. SQL>SELECT  *FROM V$MEM_POOL;
   

查看实例的运行状态

1. SQL>SELECT * FROM V$INSTANCE;
   

守护集群启动/停止命令

1. [dmdba@~]$ /home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/DmWatcherServiceWatcher start#A/B机器
   
2. 
   
3. [dmdba@~]$ /home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/DmWatcherServiceWatcher stop#A/B机器
   
4. 
   
5. [dmdba@~]$/home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/DmMonitorServiceMonitor start #监控机器
   

实例启动/停止命令

1. [dmdba@~]$ /home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/DmServiceGRP1_RT_01 start#A/B机器
   
2. 
   
3. [dmdba@~]$ /home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/DmServiceGRP1_RT_01 stop#A/B机器
   
4. 查看进程是否存在
   
5. ps -ef | grep dmwatcher
   
6. 
   
7. ps -ef | grep dmserver
   
8. 
   
9. ps -ef | grep dmmonitor
   

归档日志的连续性检查：

1. SELECT SF_REMOTE_ARCHIVE_CHECK('GRP1_RT_02'); #GRP1_RT_02代表实例名
   

查看主备库的状态：

1. SELECT CASE WHEN "STATUS$" = '1' THEN 'Startup' WHEN "STATUS$" = '2' THEN 'After Redo' WHEN "STATUS$" = '3' THEN 'MOUNT' WHEN "STATUS$" = '4' THEN 'OPEN' WHEN "STATUS$" = '5' THEN 'SUSPEND' END "库状态" , CASE        WHEN "ROLE$" = '0' THEN 'Normal'        WHEN "ROLE$" = '1' THEN 'Parmary'        WHEN "ROLE$" = '2' THEN 'Standby'    END "模式" FROM    v$database;
   

查看主备库的SCN是否一致：

1. select file_LSN, cur_LSN from v$rlog;
   

查看主备库的permanent值是否一致：

1. select permanent_magic;
   

查看所有的系统表

SELECT * FROM DBA_TABLES;

查看DDL：

1. select owner, table_name from dba_tables where owner = 'SYSDBA' and table_name like 'DMHS%' and status ='VALID';
   

查看归档是否开启：

1. select name,arch_mode from v$database;
   

查看归档文件

1. select * from sys.v$arch_file;
   

查看归档配置

1. select * from v$dm_arch_ini;
   

二、运维小技巧

添加disql环境变量

1. vi ~/.bash_profile
   
2. export PATH=$PATH:$DM_HOME/bin:$DM_HOME/tool
   
3. source ~/.bash_profile
   

DM重做主从

A机器:

1. SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;
   
2. 
   
3. SQL>SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1, 'ALTER_MODE_STATUS', 1);
   
4. 
   
5. SQL> SP_SET_OGUID(45331);
   
6. 
   
7. SQL> ALTER DATABASE PRIMARY;
   
8. 
   
9. SQL>SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1, 'ALTER_MODE_STATUS', 0);
   

B机器:

1. SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;
   
2. 
   
3. SQL>SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1, 'ALTER_MODE_STATUS', 1);
   
4. 
   
5. SQL> SP_SET_OGUID(45331);
   
6. 
   
7. SQL> ALTER DATABASE STANDBY;
   
8. 
   
9. SQL>SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1, 'ALTER_MODE_STATUS', 0);
   

A/B机器：

1. SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1, 'ALTER_MODE_STATUS', 1);
   
2. 
   
3. SQL> alter database normal;#单机模式，主从不用执行
   
4. 
   
5. SQL> alter database open force;
   

A/B机器监控启动

1. /home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/dmwatcher /dmdata/data/DMTEST/dmwatcher.ini &
   
2. 查看服务自启动
   
3. systemctl list-unit-files --type=service | grep enable |grep Dm
   
4. 
   
5. systemctl disable DmXXX.service #关闭服务自启动
   

查看DB当前正在适用的Redo log：

1. SQL>select cur_file from V$RLOG;
   

查看当前Redo log 信息：

1. SQL>select file_id,path,rlog_size/1024/1024 as "Size" from V$RLOGFILE;
   

删除归档日志：

可以通过系统函数SF_ARCHIVELOG_DELETE_BEFORE_TIME删除指定时间之前的归档文件，该函数返回删除的归档日志文件个数。如下命令为删除系统当前时间10天前的归档日志文件

1. selectsf_archivelog_delete_before_time(sysdate -10);
   

手动切换归档命令：

1. alter system switch logfile;
   

开启主备集群的逻辑日志参数：

修改开启在主、备RLOG_APPEND_LOGIC逻辑追加日志参数，0为关闭，1为开启，注意参数PARA_TYPE为SYS类型可动态修改；其它参数类型详见管理员手册。如下为参数查询及修改:

1. SQL> SELECT PARA_NAME,PARA_VALUE,DEFAULT_VALUE,SESS_VALUE,FILE_VALUE,PARA_TYPE FROM V$DM_INI WHERE PARA_NAME LIKE 'RLOG_APPEND_LOGIC';
   
2. 
   
3. SQL> call sp_set_para_value(1,'RLOG_APPEND_LOGIC',1);
   
4. 
   
5. SQL> SELECT PARA_NAME,PARA_VALUE,DEFAULT_VALUE,SESS_VALUE,FILE_VALUE,PARA_TYPE FROM V$DM_INI WHERE PARA_NAME LIKE 'RLOG_APPEND_LOGIC';
   

主备切换演练：

进入监控机器：

1. [dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dmmonitor ./dmmonitor.ini
   
2. login
   
3. SYSDBA/SYSDBA
   
4. 执行switchover GRP1_RT_02，进行主备切换
   
5. switchover GRP1_RT_02
   
6. 切换状态正常后，可以进行回切。
   
7. switchover GRP1_RT_01
   

监视器使用命令如下：

备份与恢复

数据量小的可以使用dexp和dimp

1、dexp逻辑导出

数据库级

1. ./dexp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=dbbak.dmp LOG=dbbak.log FULL=Y DIRECTORY=/backup/databak
   

用户级

1. ./dexp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=db_users.dmp LOG=db_users.log
   
2. OWNER=TEST1,TEST2,...,TESTN DIRECTORY=/backup/FULL_BAK
   

模式级

1. ./dexp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=db_users.dmp LOG=db_users.log
   
2. SCHEMAS=TEST1,TEST2,...,TESTN DIRECTORY=/backup/FULL_BAK
   

表级

1. ./dexp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=db_users.dmp LOG=db_users.log
   
2. TABLES=模式.表名,...,模式.表名 DIRECTORY=/backup/FULL_BAK
   

2、dimp逻辑导入

数据库级

1. ./dimp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=/backup/FULL_BAK/db_bak.dmp LOG=db_recover.log FULL=Y DIRECTORY=/backup/IMP_BAKDIR
   

模式级

1. ./dimp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=/backup/FULL_BAK/db_bak.dmp LOG=db_recover.log SCHEMAS=TEST1,...,TESTN DIRECTORY=/backup/IMP_BAKDIR
   
2. 不同schema需要加个参数
   
3. ./dimp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5236 FILE=/backup/FULL_BAK/db_bak.dmp LOG=db_recover.log REMAP_SCHEMA=MODE01:MODE02 DIRECTORY=/backup/IMP_BAKDIR
   

用户级

1. ./dimp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=/backup/FULL_BAK/db_bak.dmp LOG=db_recover.log OWNER=TEST1,...,TESTN DIRECTORY=/backup/IMP_BAKDIR
   
2. 不同用户需要加参数，与shcema一致。
   
3. ./dimp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=/backup/FULL_BAK/db_bak.dmp LOG=db_recover.log FROMUSER=USER01 TOUSER=USER02  DIRECTORY=/backup/IMP_BAKDIR
   

表级

1. ./dimp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=/backup/FULL_BAK/db_bak.dmp LOG=db_recover.log TABLES=模式.表名,...,模式.表名 DIRECTORY=/backup/IMP_BAKDIR
   

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