阿里云安装Mysql

1、下载mysql包，并解压包

    下载：mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal.tar
    解压：tar -xf mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal.tar
    备注：其余的2个tar.xz没得用,rm删除掉

2、继续解压文件

    tar -Jxf mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz

3、拷贝到安装目录

    mv ./mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal /usr/local/mysql8

4、创建mysql组和用户

    groupadd mysql useradd -r -g mysql mysql

5、创建mysql数据目录（根目录）

    cd / && mkdir -p /data/mysql8_data/

6、赋予权限

    chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql8_data
    chmod 750 /data/mysql8_data/ -R

7、加入路径

    export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql8/bin

8、配置文件顺序：

        1. /etc/my.cnf 
        2. 2./etc/mysql/my.cnf  
        3. 3./usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf  
        4. 4.~/.my.cnf
 创建my.cnf文件：
 vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
port       = 3306
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port       = 3306
server-id  = 3306
user       = mysql
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir    = /usr/local/mysql8
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir    = /data/mysql8_data/mysql
log-bin    = /data/mysql8_data/mysql/mysql-bin
innodb_data_home_dir      =/data/mysql8_data/mysql
innodb_log_group_home_dir =/data/mysql8_data/mysql
#设置mysql数据库的日志及进程数据的存放目录
log-error =/data/mysql8_data/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file  =/data/mysql8_data/mysql/mysql.pid
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
autocommit =1

##################以上要修改的########################
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 1024
sort_buffer_size = 4M
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 128

#query_cache_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535

binlog_format=mixed

binlog_expire_logs_seconds =864000

# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

9、初始化mysql

    cd  /usr/local/mysql8/bin
    ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql8 --datadir=/data/mysql8_data/mysql --user=mysql --initialize 

10、启动mysql（结尾加"&"为后台启动）

    ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

11、查看启动log中生成mysql密码

    cat /data/mysql8_data/mysql/mysql.log
    2022-03-22T11:05:18.173249Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: %lgAeFSY&9NC

12、修改新密码

    #首次改密推荐使用本地密码插件with mysql_native_password
    ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED with mysql_native_password BY '12345678';
    #刷新权限
    flush privileges; 

13、创建远程访问授权

    use mysql;
    select user,host,plugin,authentication_string from user;
    CREATE user 'root'@'%'; #创建用户任意远程访问
    alter user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by '12345678'; #修改密码
    grant all privileges on *.* to "root"@"%"; #给用户授权
    flush privileges; #刷新权限

14、添加mysql服务

    #确保my.cnf在路径/etc/my.cnf 
    cd /usr/local/mysql8/
    cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
    chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
    chkconfig --add mysqld 
    chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
    启动：service mysqld start
    停止：service mysqld stop
    重启：service mysqld restart
    重载配置：service mysqld reload

15、（忽略）防火墙：开启3306端口，–permanent永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效。

    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent