2.HashMap集合
2.1HashMap集合概述和特点【理解】
- HashMap底层是哈希表结构的
- 依赖hashCode方法和equals方法保证键的唯一
- 如果键要存储的是自定义对象，需要重写hashCode和equals方法
2.2HashMap集合应用案例【应用】
- 案例需求
- 创建一个HashMap集合，键是学生对象(Student)，值是居住地 (String)。存储多个元素，并遍历。
- 要求保证键的唯一性：如果学生对象的成员变量值相同，我们就认为是同一个对象
- 代码实现
学生类
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
Student student = (Student) o;
if (age != student.age) return false;
return name != null ? name.equals(student.name) : student.name == null;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int result = name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0;
result = 31 * result + age;
return result;
}
}
- 测试类
public class HashMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建HashMap集合对象
HashMap<Student, String> hm = new HashMap<Student, String>();
//创建学生对象
Student s1 = new Student("林青霞", 30);
Student s2 = new Student("张曼玉", 35);
Student s3 = new Student("王祖贤", 33);
Student s4 = new Student("王祖贤", 33);
//把学生添加到集合
hm.put(s1, "西安");
hm.put(s2, "武汉");
hm.put(s3, "郑州");
hm.put(s4, "北京");
//遍历集合
Set<Student> keySet = hm.keySet();
for (Student key : keySet) {
String value = hm.get(key);
System.out.println(key.getName() + "," + key.getAge() + "," + value);
}
}
}
