第9章 视图view
9.1 视图对象的创建、删除
mysql> create table dept2 as select * from dept; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.02 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from dept2; +--------+------------+----------+ | DEPTNO | DNAME | LOC | +--------+------------+----------+ | 10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | | 20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | | 30 | SALES | CHICAGO | | 40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | +--------+------------+----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create view dept2_view as select * from dept2; //创建视图 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> drop view dept2_view; //删除视图 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
9.2 视图的作用
作用：可以面向视图对象进行增删改查，对视图对象的增删改，会导致原表被操作！：
mysql> create view dept2_view as select * from dept2; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from dept2_view; +--------+------------+----------+ | DEPTNO | DNAME | LOC | +--------+------------+----------+ | 10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | | 20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | | 30 | SALES | CHICAGO | | 40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | +--------+------------+----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into dept2_view(deptno,dname,loc) values(60,'SALES', 'BEIJING'); //面向视图插入数据 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from dept2_view; +--------+------------+----------+ | DEPTNO | DNAME | LOC | +--------+------------+----------+ | 10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | | 20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | | 30 | SALES | CHICAGO | | 40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | | 60 | SALES | BEIJING | +--------+------------+----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from dept2; //原表也被修改了 +--------+------------+----------+ | DEPTNO | DNAME | LOC | +--------+------------+----------+ | 10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | | 20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | | 30 | SALES | CHICAGO | | 40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | | 60 | SALES | BEIJING | +--------+------------+----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> delete from dept2_view; //面向视图删除 Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from dept2; //原表也删除了 Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select e.ename,e.sal,d.dname from emp e join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno; +--------+---------+------------+ | ename | sal | dname | +--------+---------+------------+ | CLARK | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING | | KING | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING | | MILLER | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING | | SMITH | 800.00 | RESEARCH | | JONES | 2975.00 | RESEARCH | | SCOTT | 3000.00 | RESEARCH | | ADAMS | 1100.00 | RESEARCH | | FORD | 3000.00 | RESEARCH | | ALLEN | 1600.00 | SALES | | WARD | 1250.00 | SALES | | MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALES | | BLAKE | 2850.00 | SALES | | TURNER | 1500.00 | SALES | | JAMES | 950.00 | SALES | +--------+---------+------------+ 14 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create view emp_dept_view as select e.ename,e.sal,d.dname from emp e join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from emp_dept_view; +--------+---------+------------+ | ename | sal | dname | +--------+---------+------------+ | CLARK | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING | | KING | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING | | MILLER | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING | | SMITH | 800.00 | RESEARCH | | JONES | 2975.00 | RESEARCH | | SCOTT | 3000.00 | RESEARCH | | ADAMS | 1100.00 | RESEARCH | | FORD | 3000.00 | RESEARCH | | ALLEN | 1600.00 | SALES | | WARD | 1250.00 | SALES | | MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALES | | BLAKE | 2850.00 | SALES | | TURNER | 1500.00 | SALES | | JAMES | 950.00 | SALES | +--------+---------+------------+ 14 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from emp; //创建视图并不会影响原表 +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+ | EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO | +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+ | 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 | | 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 | | 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 | | 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 | | 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 | | 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 | | 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 | | 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 | | 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 | | 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 | | 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 | | 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 | | 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 | | 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 | +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+ 14 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update emp_dept_view set sal = 1000 where dname = 'ACCOUNTING'; //面向视图更新 Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from emp; //更新了原表 +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+ | EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO | +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+ | 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 | | 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 | | 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 | | 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 | | 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 | | 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 | | 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 1000.00 | NULL | 10 | | 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 | | 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 1000.00 | NULL | 10 | | 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 | | 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 | | 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 | | 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 | | 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1000.00 | NULL | 10 | +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+ 14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
视图对象在实际开发中的作用：方便，简化开发，利于维护
create view emp_dept_view as select e.ename,e.sal,d.dname from emp e join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno;
假设有一条非常复杂的SQL语句，且需要在不同的位置上反复使用。
每一次使用这个sql语句的时候都需要重新编写，很长，很麻烦，怎么办？
**可以把这条复杂的SQL语句以视图对象的形式新建，**可以大大简化开发。
并且利于后期的维护，因为修改的时候也只需要修改一个位置就行，只需要修改视图对象所映射的SQL语句。
我们以后面向视图开发的时候，使用视图的时候可以像使用table一样。可以对视图进行增删改查等操作。视图不是在内存当中，视图对象也是存储在硬盘上的，不会消失。
