简介
为什么要学习 Mock
- 提高测试深度
- 提高测试效率
- 降低成本
- 测试股票软件，模拟当天股票全部上涨
- 测试股票软件，模拟当天股票全部下跌
- 测试股票软件，模拟部分股票涨幅10%
Test Double 测试替身
- Dummy 占位对象 对象被传递但从未实际使用过。通常它们仅用于填充参数列表。
- Fake 假对象 对象实际上有工作实现，但通常采取一些捷径，这使得它们不适合生产（内存数据库就是一个很好的例子）。
- Stubs 桩对象 为测试期间调用提供预设答案，通常根本不响应任何超出测试程序的内容。
- Spies 间谍对象 它们还根据调用方式记录一些信息。其中一种形式可能是电子邮件服务，它记录发送了多少消息。
- Mocks 模拟对象 是我们在这里谈论的：预先编程的对象，这些期望形成了它们期望接收的调用的规范。
测试替身关键概念的区别
一个真实的技术架构例子
- dummy 只要端口开着就行
- fake 内存数据库
- spy UI 界面后端请求记录
- stub 假的登录后端服务
- hook 新用户判断方法修改
- proxy 代理转发机制
- mock 模拟对象
Fake 假对象 定义
Fake objects actually have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut which makes them not suitable for production (an InMemoryTestDatabase is a good example).
假对象实际上有工作实现，但通常采取一些捷径，这使得它们不适合生产（纯内存数据库就是一个很好的例子）。
Fake 应⽤场景
Stub 桩定义
Stubs provide canned answers to calls made during the test, usually not responding at all to anything outside what's programmed in for the test.
为测试期间调用提供预设答案，通常根本不响应任何超出测试程序的内容。
Stub 应⽤场景 Swagger
Setup Stub Server
java -jar moco-runner-1.2.0-standalone.jar http -p 12345 -c foo.json
{
"request" :
{
"uri" : "/foo",
"queries" :
{
"param" : "blah"
}
},
"response" :
{
"text" : "bar"
}
}
Mock 模拟对象定义
Mocks are pre-programmed with expectations which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive. They can throw an exception if they receive a call they don't expect and are checked during verification to ensure they got all the calls they were expecting.
模拟预编程了期望，这些期望形成了他们期望接收的调用的规范。如果他们收到了他们不期望的调用，他们可以抛出异常，并在验证过程中进行检查以确保他们得到了他们期望的所有调用。
Mock 两种应用场景
- mock on stub：按需返回期望数据
- mock on proxy：按需返回真实数据的修改副本
#
常⽤的 Mock 工具
- Charles 测试工程师常用
- BurpSuite 黑客常用
- Fiddler 只能 Windows 上使用
- Nginx 服务器反向代理与修改
- Mitmproxy 代理工具 可编程
- Wiremock 代理工具 可编程
#
mitmproxy
mitmproxy is a set of tools that provide an interactive, SSL/TLS-capable intercepting proxy for HTTP/1, HTTP/2, and WebSockets.
mitmproxy mock on proxy
python3 -m http.server
mitmdump -p 8001 -m reverse:127.0.0.1:8000 --flow-detail 4 -B '/~bs .*Directory.*/Directory/ceshiren.com mock'
#
mitmproxy 强大的插件机制 Addons
- dns
- tcp
- cert
- http/https
- websocket
#
adb mock 案例
import sys
from mitmproxy import ctx
from mitmproxy import tcp
from mitmproxy.utils import strutils
from mitmproxy.tools.main import mitmdump
def tcp_message(flow: tcp.TCPFlow):
message = flow.messages[-1]
old_content = message.content
message.content = old_content.replace(
b":0;localabstract:webview_devtools_remote_",
b": 0;localabstract:xweb_devtools_remote_"
)
ctx.log.info(
"[tcp_message{}] from {} to {}:\n{}".format(
" (modified)" if message.content != old_content else "",
"client" if message.from_client else "server",
"server" if message.from_client else "client",
strutils.bytes_to_escaped_str(message.content))
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv = ["", "-p", "5038", "--rawtcp", "--mode", "reverse:http://localhost:5037/", "-s", sys.argv[0], "-vv"]
mitmdump()
WireMock
The flexible tool for building mock APIs.
Create stable development environments, isolate yourself from flakey 3rd parties and simulate APIs that don't exist yet.
wiremock stub
java -jar wiremock-jre8-standalone-2.33.2.jar
{
"request": {
"method": "GET", "url": "/wiremock" },
"response": {
"status": 200, "body": "Easy!" }}
mock on stub
@Test
public void exactUrlOnly() {
stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/some/thing"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.withHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
.withBody("Hello world!")));
assertThat(testClient.get("/some/thing").statusCode(), is(200));
assertThat(testClient.get("/some/thing/else").statusCode(), is(404));
}
mock on proxy
wm.stubFor(get(urlPathEqualTo("/templated"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.proxiedFrom("$!request.headers.X-WM-Proxy-Url")
.withTransformers("response-template")));
-
public class ExampleTransformer extends ResponseDefinitionTransformer {
@Override
public ResponseDefinition transform(Request request, ResponseDefinition responseDefinition, FileSource files, Parameters parameters) {
String content=responseDefinition.getTextBody().replace("霍格沃兹", "mock");
System.out.println(responseDefinition.getTextBody());
System.out.println(content);
return new ResponseDefinitionBuilder()
.withHeader("MyHeader", "Transformed")
.withStatus(200)
.withBody(content)
.build();
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return "hogwarts_mock";
}
}
总结
- 了解测试替身的实现方式，统一沟通概念
- 了解 Mock 的常见应用场景
