学生信息管理系统（C++实现）

/*
·File name: file.h
·Description: 所有和文件读写相关的操作
*/
 
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
#include"student.h"
 
/*
函数:read_record()
功能:从record.txt读入记录，得到现有的记录条数
参数:学生信息记录条数&m, 成绩条数&n，
返回值:1
*/
int read_record(int &m, int &n)
{
  std::ifstream fin("record.txt");
  fin >> m;
  fin >> n;
  return 1;
}
 
/*
函数:write_record()
功能:写入记录到record.txt，更新记录条数
参数:学生信息记录条数m, 成绩条数n，
返回值: 0
*/
int write_record(int m, int n)
{
  std::ofstream fout("record.txt");
  fout << m;
  fout << " ";
  fout << n;
  return 1;
}
/*
函数:save_score()
功能:保存文件到score.dat
参数: 学生成绩指针StudentScore*, 学生成绩条数n
*/
void save_score(StudentScore* stu_score,int n)
{
  using namespace std;
  ofstream fout("score.dat", ios::binary);
  if (!fout)
  {
    cout << "创建文件失败\n";
    return;
  }
  int i = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  {
    fout << stu_score[i].ID << "  " << stu_score[i].lesson_number << "  "
      << stu_score[i].lesson_name << "  " << stu_score[i].credit<< "  "
      << stu_score[i].daily_score << "  " << stu_score[i].exp_score<< "  " 
      << stu_score[i].exam_score << "  " << stu_score[i].total_score<< "  "
      << stu_score[i].actual_score << "\n";
  }
  fout.close();
}
/*
函数:read_to_stu_score()
功能:从文件score.dat读入分数到数组
参数:学生成绩数组StudentScore*, 学生成绩条数&n
*/
int read_to_stu_score(StudentScore* stu_score, int &n)
{
  using namespace std;
  int i = 0;
  ifstream fin("score.dat", ios::binary);
  if (!fin)
  {
    cout << "读取成绩文件score.dat失败" << endl;
    return 0;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  {
    fin >> stu_score[i].ID >> stu_score[i].lesson_number
      >> stu_score[i].lesson_name >> stu_score[i].credit
      >> stu_score[i].daily_score >> stu_score[i].exp_score
      >> stu_score[i].exam_score >> stu_score[i].total_score
      >> stu_score[i].actual_score;
  }
  fin.close();
  return i;
}
 
/*
函数:read_to_stu()
功能:从文件student.txt读入学生信息到数组
参数:学生数组Student*, 学生信息条数m
*/
int read_to_stu(Student* stu, int &m)
{
  using namespace std;
  int i = 0;
  ifstream fin("student.txt");
  if (!fin)
  {
    cout << "读取学生基本文件student.txt失败" << endl;
    return 0;
  }
  string temp;//临时string，读入第一行的5个字符串
  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
  {
    fin >> temp;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
  {
    fin >> stu[i].ID >> stu[i].name >> stu[i].sex >> stu[i].dor_number
      >> stu[i].phone;
  }
  fin.close();
  return 1;
}
/*
函数:save_stu
功能:写入学生信息到student.txt
参数:学生数组Student*,学生信息条数m
*/
void save_stu(Student* stu, int m)
{
  using namespace std;
  ofstream fout("student.txt");
  if (!fout)
  {
    cout << "创建文件失败\n";
    return;
  }
  fout << "学号 姓名  性别  宿舍号码  电话号码\n";
  for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
  {
    fout << stu[i].ID << "  " << stu[i].name << "  " << stu[i].sex << "  "
      << stu[i].dor_number << "     " << stu[i].phone<<"\n";
  }
 
  fout.close();
}
 
 
/*
·File name: func.h
·Description: 实现学生管理系统的相关函数的声明
*/
#pragma once
#include<string>
#include"student.h"
 
int read_data_and_calcu(StudentScore* stu_score, int & n);
int find(Student * stu, StudentScore* stu_score,int m, int n);
void find_baseinfo(Student* stu, int n);
void find_baseinfo_by_id_name(Student* stu, int m);
void find_baseinfo_by_dor(Student* stu, int m);
void find_score(Student* stu, StudentScore * stu_score,int m, int n);
int sort_score(StudentScore * stu_score, int n);
int delete_by_ID(Student * stu, StudentScore * stu_score, int &m, int &n);
 
 
/*
·File name: menu.h
·Description: 菜单相关函数的声明
*/
#pragma once
#include"student.h"
void show_menu();
bool choose_func(char choice, bool & active, StudentScore * stu_score, Student * stu,
  int & m, int& n);
 
/*
·File name: student.h
·Description: 学生类和学生成绩类
*/
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<string>
using std::string;
 
 
// StudentScore 存储学生成绩
class StudentScore
{
public:
  int ID;  //学号
  string lesson_number; //课程编号
  string lesson_name; //课程名称
  int credit;  //学分
  int daily_score;  //平时成绩
  int exp_score;  //实验成绩
  int exam_score; //卷面成绩
  double total_score;  //综合成绩, 计算得到
  double actual_score; // 实际得分， 计算得到
public:
  StudentScore() ;
  StudentScore(int ID, string lesson_number,string lesson_name,int credit,
int daily_score,int exp_score,int exam_score);
  ~StudentScore() ;
  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const StudentScore& score);
};
 
//Student类，存储学生信息
class Student
{
public:
  int ID;  //学号
  string name; //姓名
  string sex; //性别
  int dor_number; //宿舍号码
  int phone; //电话
public:
  Student();
  ~Student();
  friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Student& stu);
};
 
 
 
/*
·File name:  func.cpp
·Description:   实现菜单的4项功能：1.读入数据; 2.查找; 3.删除; 4.成绩排序
*/
 
 
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<string>
#include<fstream>
#include"student.h"
 
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
 
//下面这4个函数被find调用，故先声明。
void find_baseinfo(Student* stu, int m);
void find_baseinfo_by_id_name(Student* stu, int m);
void find_baseinfo_by_dor(Student* stu, int m);
void find_score(Student* stu, StudentScore * stu_score,int m,int n);
 
 
/*
函数:read_data_and_calcu()
功能:从键盘读入成绩相关的7项数据，并根据公式计算出综合成绩和实得学分。
参数：StudentScore*（分数数组地址）， &n（已有的成绩条数）
返回值：写入的条数
*/
int read_data_and_calcu(StudentScore* stu_score, int & n)
{
  int Max_read = 1;       //每次最多读入的条数
  bool flag_input = true;// 用来判断是否正常输入
  int id = 0;           //学号
  string lesson_number;//课程编号
  string lesson_name; //课程名称
  int credit;        //学分
  int daily_score;  //平时成绩
  int exp_score;   //实验成绩
  int exam_score; //卷面成绩
  int i = 0;
  for( i = n; i< n+Max_read && flag_input; i++)
  {
    cout << "开始输入学生数据：\n";
    cout << "学号,"<< " 课程编号, " << " 课程名称: \n";   
    cin >> id;
    cin >> lesson_number;
    cin >> lesson_name;
    cout << "学分, " << " 平时成绩, " << " 实验成绩," << " 卷面成绩:\n";
    cin >> credit>> daily_score >>exp_score>> exam_score;
    stu_score[i] = StudentScore(id, lesson_number, lesson_name, credit, daily_score,
      exp_score, exam_score);
    cout << "录入该学生数据成功";
  }
  cout << "\n";
  n += i;
  return i;
}
 
 
/*
函数:find()
功能:查询（总）,通过用户选择查询类型调用find_baseinfo()或find_score()，显示对应的信息。
参数：Student*(学生数组地址), StudentScore*（分数数组地址）,int m（学生信息条数）, int n（分数条数）
返回值：0
*/
int find(Student * stu,StudentScore* stu_score,int m, int n)
{
  cout << "输入查询类型：1.学生基本情况查询； 2.成绩查询：";
  char find_kind;
  cin >> find_kind;
  switch (find_kind)
  {
  case '1':
    //学生基本情况查询
    find_baseinfo( stu, m);
    break;
  case '2':
    //成绩查询
    find_score(stu, stu_score,m, n);
    break;
  default:
    cout<<"无效选择\n";
    break;
  }
  cout << "\n";
  return 0;
};
 
/*
函数:find_baseinfo()
功能:查询_学生基本信息,被find()调用，显示对应的学生信息
参数：Student*, m
*/
void find_baseinfo(Student* stu, int m)
{
  cout << "输入查询方式：1.按学号或姓名查询   2.按宿舍查询: ";
  int choice;
  cin >> choice;
  switch (choice)
  {
  case 1:
    find_baseinfo_by_id_name(stu, m);
    break;
  case 2:
    find_baseinfo_by_dor(stu, m);
    break;
  }
}
 
 
/*
函数:find_baseinfo_by_id_name()
功能:查询_学生基本信息_通过_id或name,被find_baseinfo()调用
参数:Student*, m
*/
void find_baseinfo_by_id_name(Student* stu, int m)
{
  cout << "选择：1.使用学号查询  2.使用姓名: ";
  int choice_2;
  cin >> choice_2;
  switch (choice_2)
  {
  case 1:
    { 
    //按学号查询，打印结果
    cout << "输入学号: ";
    int id;
    cin >> id;
    bool flag_find_id = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
      if (id == stu[i].ID)
      {
        flag_find_id = true;
        cout << "学号 姓名    性别  宿舍号码  电话号码\n";
        cout << stu[i];
        break;
      }
      if (i == m - 1 && !flag_find_id )
        cout << "  此ID记录不存在\n";
    }
    }
    break;
  case 2:
    {
    //使用姓名查询，打印结果
    cout << "输入姓名: ";
    string name;
    cin >> name;
    bool flag_find_name = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
      if (name == stu[i].name)
      {
        flag_find_name = true;
        cout << "学号  姓名  性别   宿舍号码  电话号码\n";
        cout << stu[i];
        break;
      }
      if (i == m - 1 && !flag_find_name)
        cout << "  此姓名记录不存在\n";
    }
    break;
    }
  }
}
 
/*
函数:find_baseinfo_by_dor()
功能:查询_学生基本信息_通过_宿舍,被find_baseinfo()调用
参数:Stuent*, m
*/
void find_baseinfo_by_dor(Student* stu, int m)
{
  //按宿舍查询，打印结果
  cout << "输入宿舍号: ";
  int dor_number;
  cin >> dor_number;
  cout << "学号  姓名  性别   宿舍号码  电话号码\n";
  bool flag_find_dor = false;
  for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
  {
    if (dor_number == stu[i].dor_number)
    {
      flag_find_dor = true;
      cout << stu[i];
      cout << "\n";
    }
    if (i == m - 1 && !flag_find_dor )
      cout << "    宿舍记录不存在\n";
  }
}
 
/*
函数:find_score()
功能:查询_分数,被find()调用，显示对应的分数信息
参数：Student*, StudentScore*,m(学生信息条数),n(分数信息条数)
*/
void find_score(Student* stu, StudentScore* stu_score, int m, int n)
{
  cout << "输入该学生的学号:";
  int id;
  cin >> id;
  bool flag_find_id = false;
  for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
  {
    if (id == stu[i].ID)
    {
      flag_find_id = true;
      cout << "\t\t\t\t学号: "<<std::setiosflags(std::ios::left) 
        <<std::setw(10)<< stu[i].ID << "姓名: "
        <<std::setw(10)<< stu[i].name;
      break;
    }
    if (i == m - 1 && !flag_find_id)
    {
      cout << "\n\t\t此ID学生信息记录不存在\n";
    }
  }
  bool flag_find_score = false;
  int lesson_n = 0;
  double all_credit = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  {
    if (id == stu_score[i].ID)
    {
      flag_find_score = true;
      cout << "\n" << stu_score[i];
      lesson_n++;
      all_credit += stu_score[i].actual_score;
    }
    if (i == n - 1 && !flag_find_score)
    {
      cout << "\n\t\t此ID成绩记录不存在\n";
    }
  }
  cout << "\n\t\t共修: " << lesson_n << "科，实得总学分为: " << all_credit;
}
 
/*
函数:delete_by_ID()
功能:删除和ID相关的信息
返回值:0
*/
int delete_by_ID(Student * stu, StudentScore * stu_score, int &m, int &n)
{
  cout << "删除该学号的所有相关信息：\n输入学号：";
  int ID;
  cin >> ID;
  //删除ID相关的学生基本信息
  for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
  {
    if (stu[i].ID == ID)
    {
      int k = i;
      if (k == m - 1)
      {
        stu[i] = Student(); //使其为空
        m--;
      }
      else
      {
        for (int j = k+1; j < m; j++)
        {
          stu[j-1] = stu[j];
        }
        m--;
      }
    }
  }
  //删除ID相关的成绩信息
  for (int i = n-1; i >= 0; i--)
  {
    if (stu_score[i].ID == ID)
    {
      int k = i;
      if (k == n - 1)
      {
        stu_score[i] = StudentScore(); //使其为空
        n--;
      }
      else
      {
        for (int j = k + 1; j < n; j++)
        {
          stu_score[j - 1] = stu_score[j];
        }
        n--;
      }
    }
  }
  cout << "该学生所有相关信息删除成功\n";
  return 0;
};
 
/*
函数:sort_score()
功能:按分数排序,(降序)。
参数：StudentScore*, n(成绩条数)
返回值:n(成绩条数)
*/
int sort_score(StudentScore * stu_score, int n)
{
  int choice;
  cout << "选择：1.按综合成绩排序   2.按实得学分排序";
  cin >> choice;
  switch (choice)
  {
   case 1:
   { 
   StudentScore temp;
   for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
   {
     for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++)
     {
       if (stu_score[j].total_score < stu_score[j + 1].total_score)
       {
         temp = stu_score[j];
         stu_score[j] = stu_score[j+1];
         stu_score[j + 1] = temp;
       }
     }
   }
   break;
   }
   case 2:
   {
     StudentScore temp;
     for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
     {
       for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++)
       {
         if (stu_score[j].actual_score < stu_score[j + 1].actual_score)
         {
           temp = stu_score[j];
           stu_score[j] = stu_score[j + 1];
           stu_score[j + 1] = temp;
         }
       }
     }
     break;
   }
  }
 
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  {
  cout<<"学号: "<<std::setiosflags(std::ios::left)<<std::setw(4)
    <<stu_score[i].ID<<stu_score[i] << "\n";
  }
  return n;
};
 
/*
·File name: menu.cpp
·Description: 所有和菜单相关的操作。
*/
#include<iostream>
#include"student.h"
#include"func.h"
 
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
 
/*
函数:show_menu()
功能:显示主菜单
*/
void show_menu()
{
  cout<<"############################\n";
  cout<<"   学生信息管理系统\n"
    <<"      选择功能\n"
    <<"1.数据的录入和计算\n"
    <<"2.查询功能\n"
    <<"3.删除功能\n"
    <<"4.排序功能\n"
    <<"q.退出程序。\n";
 
}
 
/*
函数:choose_func
功能:读入选择，执行功能
返回:程序状态(运行ture，结束false)
*/
 
bool choose_func(char choice, bool & active,StudentScore * stu_score,Student * stu,
  int & m, int& n )
{
  switch(choice)
  {
  case '1' : 
    n = read_data_and_calcu(stu_score,n);
    break;
  case '2':
      find( stu, stu_score,m, n);
    break;
  case '3':
    delete_by_ID(stu, stu_score, m, n);
    break;
  case '4':
    sort_score(stu_score, n);
    break;
  case 'q':
    cout<<"quit~\n";
    active = false;
    break;
  default:
    cout << "无效输入\n";
  }
 return active;
}
 
/*
·File name: student.cpp
·Description: 学生类和成绩类的相关函数。
*/
#include"student.h"
 
/*
计算综合成绩，返回综合成绩。 
传入参数: exp_score,  exam_score, daily_score
返回值:   total_score
*/
double calcu_total_score(int exp_score, int exam_score, int daily_score);
/* 
计算实得学分，返回实得学分
传入参数: total_score, credit
返回值:   actual_score
*/
double calcu_actual_score(double total_score, int credit);
 
//分数的默认构造函数，初始化ID = 0，分数为负数，表示无效成绩;
StudentScore::StudentScore() : ID(0),lesson_number("None"),lesson_name("None"),credit(-1),
  daily_score(-1),exp_score(-1),exam_score(-1)
{
 
}
//分数的构造函数2，传入参数进行初始化，自动调用calcu_total_score，calcu_actual_score计算 综合成绩和实得学分
StudentScore::StudentScore(int m_ID, string m_lesson_number, string m_lesson_name, int m_credit,
  int m_daily_score, int m_exp_score, int m_exam_score) :  ID(m_ID),lesson_number(m_lesson_number),
  lesson_name(m_lesson_name),credit(m_credit),daily_score(m_daily_score),
  exp_score(m_exp_score),exam_score(m_exam_score)
{
  total_score = calcu_total_score( m_exp_score, m_exam_score, m_daily_score);
  actual_score = calcu_actual_score( total_score,  m_credit);
}
//分数的析构函数，暂无工作要做
StudentScore::~StudentScore()
{
 
}
//分数的友元函数<<，用于显示
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const StudentScore& stu_score)
{
  os  << std::setiosflags(std::ios::left)
    <<"课程编号: " <<std::setw(8)<< stu_score.lesson_number 
    << "课程名称: "<<std::setw(12) << stu_score.lesson_name 
    << "综合成绩: "<<std::setw(8) << stu_score.total_score 
    << "实得学分: " << stu_score.actual_score;
 
  return os;
}
 
 
//学生的默认构造函数，初始化0
Student::Student(): ID(0), name("None"), sex("None"), dor_number(0), phone(0)
{
 
}
 
//学生的析构函数，暂无工作要做
Student::~Student()
{
 
}
 
//学生的友元函数<< 用于打印输出.
std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Student& stu)
{
  os <<std::setiosflags(std::ios::left)
    <<std::setw(5)<< stu.ID 
    <<std::setw(8)<< stu.name 
    << stu.sex << "      " << stu.dor_number << "     "
    << stu.phone;
  return os;
}
 
 
 
 
// 计算实得学分
double calcu_actual_score(double total_score, int credit)
{
  double actual_score;
  int flag_total =total_score/10;
  switch (flag_total)
  {
  case 10: case 9: actual_score = credit;
    break;
  case 8: actual_score = credit * 0.8;
    break;
  case 7: actual_score = credit * 0.75;
    break;
  case 6: actual_score = credit * 0.6;
    break;
  default: actual_score = 0;
    break;
  }
  return actual_score ;
}
//计算综合成绩
double calcu_total_score(int exp_score, int exam_score, int daily_score)
{
  double total_score;
  if(exp_score == -1)
    total_score = daily_score * 0.3 + exam_score * 0.7;
  else
    total_score = daily_score * 0.15 + exp_score * 0.15 + exam_score * 0.7;
  return total_score;
}
 
/*
# File name:    main.cpp
# Author:       一只大鸽子
# Date:         2018/9/10
# Description:  学生信息管理系统的主函数
*/
 
#include<iostream>
#include"menu.h"
#include"student.h"
#include"file.h"
 
//主函数main,程序入口
int main()
{   
  char choice = 0;  //choice，让用户输入选择
  bool active = true; //active,用来判断程序运行状态，true代表运行中，false代表结束 
  int m = 0; //学生基本信息 数量
  int n = 0; //成绩信息 数量
  read_record(m, n);//得到学生基本信息、成绩信息条数
  Student * stu =  new Student[m+10]; //学生数组stu，存储学生信息
  StudentScore * stu_score = new StudentScore[n+400];//分数数组stu_score，存储成绩信息
 
  read_to_stu(stu, m); //从student.txt读入数据到数组中
  read_to_stu_score(stu_score, n); //从score.dat读入数据到数组中
 
  //显示主菜单
  show_menu();
  //进入循环，用户选择菜单上的功能。直到active为false，程序即将结束时，退出循环
  while(active)
  { 
    std::cin>>choice;
    choose_func(choice,active,stu_score,stu,m,n);
    if(active)
      show_menu();
  }
  /*
  程序即将结束，将学生信息写入student.txt;将分数信息写入score.dat;
  写入信息数量到record.txt中;
  */
  save_stu(stu, m);
  save_score(stu_score, n);
  write_record(m, n);
  //归还使用的内存
  delete[] stu;
  delete[] stu_score;
  system("pause"); //暂停
  return 0;
}