springmvc（4）https://developer.aliyun.com/article/1530457
14、SpringMVC执行流程
14.1、SpringMVC常用组件
- DispatcherServlet：前端控制器，不需要工程师开发，由框架提供
作用：统一处理请求和响应，整个流程控制的中心，由它调用其它组件处理用户的请求
- HandlerMapping：处理器映射器，不需要工程师开发，由框架提供
作用：根据请求的url、method等信息查找Handler，即控制器方法(通过这个实现把请求匹配控制器方法)
- Handler：处理器，需要工程师开发(就是Controller)
作用：在DispatcherServlet的控制下Handler对具体的用户请求进行处理
- HandlerAdapter：处理器适配器，不需要工程师开发，由框架提供
作用：(通过HandlerMapping匹配控制器方法)通过HandlerAdapter对处理器（控制器方法）进行执行
- ViewResolver：视图解析器，不需要工程师开发，由框架提供
作用：进行视图解析，得到相应的视图，例如：ThymeleafView、InternalResourceView、
RedirectView
- View：视图
作用：将模型数据通过页面展示给用户
14.2、DispatcherServlet初始化过程
DispatcherServlet 本质上是一个 Servlet，所以天然的遵循 Servlet 的生命周期。所以宏观上是 Servlet生命周期来进行调度。
①初始化WebApplicationContext
所在类：org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() { WebApplicationContext rootContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext()); WebApplicationContext wac = null; if (this.webApplicationContext != null) { // A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it wac = this.webApplicationContext; if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) { ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac =(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac; if (!cwac.isActive()) { // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc if (cwac.getParent() == null) { // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set // the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent cwac.setParent(rootContext); } configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac); } } } if (wac == null) { // No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one // has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed // that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the // user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id wac = findWebApplicationContext(); } if (wac == null) { // No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one // 创建WebApplicationContext wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext); } if (!this.refreshEventReceived) { // Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh // support or the context injected at construction time had already been // refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here. synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) { // 刷新WebApplicationContext onRefresh(wac); } } if (this.publishContext) { // Publish the context as a servlet context attribute. // 将IOC容器在应用域共享 String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName(); getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac); } return wac; }
②创建WebApplicationContext
所在类：org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(@Nullable ApplicationContext parent) { Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass(); if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" +getServletName() + "': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() + "] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext"); } // 通过反射创建 IOC 容器对象 ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass); wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment()); // 设置父容器 wac.setParent(parent); String configLocation = getContextConfigLocation(); if (configLocation != null) { wac.setConfigLocation(configLocation); } configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac); return wac; }
③DispatcherServlet初始化策略
FrameworkServlet创建WebApplicationContext后，刷新容器，调用onRefresh(wac)，此方法在
DispatcherServlet中进行了重写，调用了initStrategies(context)方法，初始化策略，即初始化
DispatcherServlet的各个组件
所在类：org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) { initMultipartResolver(context); initLocaleResolver(context); initThemeResolver(context); initHandlerMappings(context); initHandlerAdapters(context); initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context); initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context); initViewResolvers(context); initFlashMapManager(context); }
14.3、DispatcherServlet调用组件处理请求
①processRequest()
FrameworkServlet重写HttpServlet中的service()和doXxx()，这些方法中调用了
processRequest(request, response)
所在类：org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException { long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); Throwable failureCause = null; LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext(); LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request); RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes(); ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request,response, previousAttributes); WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(),new RequestBindingInterceptor()); initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes); try { // 执行服务，doService()是一个抽象方法，在DispatcherServlet中进行了重写 doService(request, response); } catch (ServletException | IOException ex) { failureCause = ex; throw ex; } catch (Throwable ex) { failureCause = ex; throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex); } finally { resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes); if (requestAttributes != null) { requestAttributes.requestCompleted(); } logResult(request, response, failureCause, asyncManager); publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause); } }
②doService()
所在类：org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
@Override protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { logRequest(request); // Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include, // to be able to restore the original attributes after the include. Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null; if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) { attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>(); Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames(); while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) { String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement(); if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) { attributesSnapshot.put(attrName,request.getAttribute(attrName)); } } } // Make framework objects available to handlers and view objects. request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE,getWebApplicationContext()); request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver); request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver); request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource()); if (this.flashMapManager != null) { FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request,response); if (inputFlashMap != null) { request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE,Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap)); } request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap()); request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager); } RequestPath requestPath = null; if (this.parseRequestPath && !ServletRequestPathUtils.hasParsedRequestPath(request)) { requestPath = ServletRequestPathUtils.parseAndCache(request); } try { // 处理请求和响应 doDispatch(request, response); } finally { if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include. if (attributesSnapshot != null) { restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot); } } if (requestPath != null) { ServletRequestPathUtils.clearParsedRequestPath(request); } } }
③doDispatch()
所在类：org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request; HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null; boolean multipartRequestParsed = false; WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); try { ModelAndView mv = null; Exception dispatchException = null; try { processedRequest = checkMultipart(request); multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request); // Determine handler for the current request. /* mappedHandler：调用链 包含handler、interceptorList、interceptorIndex handler：浏览器发送的请求所匹配的控制器方法 interceptorList：处理控制器方法的所有拦截器集合 interceptorIndex：拦截器索引，控制拦截器afterCompletion()的执行 */ mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest); if (mappedHandler == null) { noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response); return; } // Determine handler adapter for the current request. // 通过控制器方法创建相应的处理器适配器，调用所对应的控制器方法 HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()); // Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler. String method = request.getMethod(); boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method); if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) { long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request,mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (new ServletWebRequest(request,response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) { return; } } // 调用拦截器的preHandle() if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) { return; } // Actually invoke the handler. // 由处理器适配器调用具体的控制器方法，最终获得ModelAndView对象 mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response,mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { return; } applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv); // 调用拦截器的postHandle() mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv); } catch (Exception ex) { dispatchException = ex; } catch (Throwable err) { // As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well, // making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and otherscenarios. dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatchfailed", err); } // 后续处理：处理模型数据和渲染视图 processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv,dispatchException); } catch (Exception ex) { triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex); } catch (Throwable err) { triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,new NestedServletException("Handler processingfailed", err)); } finally { if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion if (mappedHandler != null) { mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response); } } else { // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request. if (multipartRequestParsed) { cleanupMultipart(processedRequest); } } } }
④processDispatchResult()
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception { boolean errorView = false; if (exception != null) { if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) { logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered",exception); mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView(); } else { Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler(): null); mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception); errorView = (mv != null); } } // Did the handler return a view to render? if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) { // 处理模型数据和渲染视图 render(mv, request, response); if (errorView) { WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request); } } else { if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned."); } } if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Concurrent handling started during a forward return; } if (mappedHandler != null) { // Exception (if any) is already handled.. // 调用拦截器的afterCompletion() mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null); } }
14.4、SpringMVC的执行流程
\1) 用户向服务器发送请求，请求被SpringMVC 前端控制器 DispatcherServlet捕获。
\2) DispatcherServlet对请求URL进行解析，得到请求资源标识符（URI），判断请求URI对应的映射：
a) 不存在
i. 再判断是否配置了mvc:default-servlet-handler
ii. 如果没配置，则控制台报映射查找不到，客户端展示404错误
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iii. 如果有配置，则访问目标资源（一般为静态资源，如：JS,CSS,HTML），找不到客户端也会展示404
错误
b) 存在则执行下面的流程
\3) 根据该URI，调用HandlerMapping获得该Handler配置的所有相关的对象（包括Handler对象以及
Handler对象对应的拦截器），最后以HandlerExecutionChain执行链对象的形式返回。
\4) DispatcherServlet 根据获得的Handler，选择一个合适的HandlerAdapter。
\5) 如果成功获得HandlerAdapter，此时将开始执行拦截器的preHandler(…)方法【正向】
\6) 提取Request中的模型数据，填充Handler入参，开始执行Handler（Controller)方法，处理请求。
在填充Handler的入参过程中，根据你的配置，Spring将帮你做一些额外的工作：
a) HttpMessageConveter： 将请求消息（如Json、xml等数据）转换成一个对象，将对象转换为指定
的响应信息
b) 数据转换：对请求消息进行数据转换。如String转换成Integer、Double等
c) 数据格式化：对请求消息进行数据格式化。 如将字符串转换成格式化数字或格式化日期等
d) 数据验证： 验证数据的有效性（长度、格式等），验证结果存储到BindingResult或Error中
\7) Handler执行完成后，向DispatcherServlet 返回一个ModelAndView对象。
\8) 此时将开始执行拦截器的postHandle(…)方法【逆向】。
\9) 根据返回的ModelAndView（此时会判断是否存在异常：如果存在异常，则执行
HandlerExceptionResolver进行异常处理）选择一个适合的ViewResolver进行视图解析，根据Model
和View，来渲染视图。
\10) 渲染视图完毕执行拦截器的afterCompletion(…)方法【逆向】。
\11) 将渲染结果返回给客户端。
15 . 监听器
使用原因
执行顺序:监听器,控制器,Servlet初始化,spring初始化要放在Servlet前面,这样保证在获取springmvc的ioc容器的时候,spring的ioc容器是创建好的,不在过滤器是因为:就好比在过滤器里放一段不需要过滤的代码，不太好
① ContextLoaderListener
Spring提供了监听器ContextLoaderListener，实现ServletContextListener接口，可监听
ServletContext的状态，在web服务器的启动，读取Spring的配置文件，创建Spring的IOC容器。web
应用中必须在web.xml中配置
<listener> <!-- 配置Spring的监听器，在服务器启动时加载Spring的配置文件 Spring配置文件默认位置和名称：/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml 可通过上下文参数自定义Spring配置文件的位置和名称 --> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!--自定义Spring配置文件的位置和名称--> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-”value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value> </context-param>
