前面准备
日期的运算需要考虑到每个月天数不一样,平年闰年2月天数也不一样,因此需要先写两个函数
1.判断year是否为闰年
2.返回当前年月的天数
代码如下
bool leap(int year) { //不是百年4年一闰 if (year % 100 != 0 && year % 4 == 0) return true; if (year % 100 == 0 && year % 400 == 0) return true; return false; } //每月多少天 int MonthDay(int year, int month) { int arr[13] = { 0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 }; if (month == 2 && !leap(year)) return arr[month]-1; else return arr[month]; }
实现功能:
-(分为Date类和Date类相减,Date类和int 相减),+,+=,-=,==,!=,<,<=,>,>=,++,--。
-运算符
这里实现Date类和Date类相减,Date类和int 相减
Date类和int 相减
Date类和int相减,也就是要知道当前日期下几天前的日期,结果是要日期,因此函数的返回类型就是Date,另外-运算符是一个双目运算符,因此运算符重载函数的形参列表只能写一个形参(成员函数有一个默认的this指针),代码如下:
Date operator-(int day) { day -= Day; Month--; while (day > MonthDay(Year, Day)) { day -= MonthDay(Year, Month); Month--; if (Month < 1) { Year--; Month = 12; } } Day = MonthDay(Year, Month) - day; return *this; }
Date类和Date类相减
这里我用的是分别算出date1和date2到1年1月1日的天数,然后相减得到两个日期相差的天数,结果是一个天数,那么函数类型就是int,先写日期到1年1月1日天数的函数,代码如下:
int number1() { int year = 1,month = 1; int thisday = 0; while (year < Year) { thisday += (leap(year)) ? 366 : 365; year++; } while (month < Month) { thisday += MonthDay(Year, month); month++; } thisday += Day; return thisday; }
接下来是Date类和Date相减的函数
1. int operator-(Date date) 2. { 3. return this->number1()-date.number1(); 4. }
+运算符
这里实现的是,Date类和int相加的结果,也就是,在当前日期下,几天后是几月几号,从这就可以看出运算后的结果是一个Date类,因此函数的类型也就是Date.在函数体刚开始我判断了day是否小于0,小于0也就是几天前是几月几号,直接调用-运算符重载函数就可以。
Date operator+(int day) { if (day < 0) { return operator-(day); } day += Day; while (day > MonthDay(Year, Month)) { day -= MonthDay(Year, Month); Month++; if (Month > 12) { Year++; Month = 1; } } Day = day; return *this; }
+=,-=运算符
+=运算符可以直接调用+运算符重载函数实现
Date operator+=(int day) { *this = *this + day; return *this; }
同理-=也是同样的道理
Date operator-=(int day) { *this = *this - day; return *this; }
==,!=运算符
==是判断左右两边的表达式是否相等,Date要相等,就得年相等,月相等,日相等,同时满足,才返回true,代码如下,
bool operator==(Date date) { if(Year == date.Year&&Month==date.Month&&Day==date.Day)return true; return false; }
!=就容易判断了,==的反面就是!= ;
bool operator!=(Date date) { if (*this == date)return false; return true; }
>,>=运算符
在我们的认知里,先出现的日期会大,因此比较的时候数值越小,日期越大,逐一比较就行,具体代码如下:
bool operator>(Date date) { if (Year < date.Year) return true; else { if (Month < date.Month) return true; else { if (Day < date.Day) return true; else false; } } }
>=,就是既满足大于也满足相等,满足其一即可,具体代码如下
bool operator>=(Date date) { if (*this > date||*this == date) return true; else return false; }
<,<=运算符
与前面同理,在写<的时候,可以借助前面的>=的函数,>=的反面就是<,具体代码如下:
bool operator<(Date date) { if (*this >= date )return false; return true; }
<=的反面是>,因此可以借助>,来实现<=的重载
bool operator<=(Date date) { if (*this > date)return false; else return true; }
++,--运算符
自增,自减运算符就是对自身进行加1,减1的操作,返回自身,需要注意的就是进位,例如:若是Month加到13,那么应该,Year++;Month=1;具体代码如下:
Date operator++() { Day++; if (Day > MonthDay(Year, Month)) { Month++; if (Month > 12) { Year++; Month = 1; } Day = 1; } return *this; } Date operator--() { if (Day == 1) { Month--; if (Month == 0) { Year--; Month = 12; } Day = MonthDay(Year, Month); return *this; } }
功能测试
int main() { cout << "相减:---------------------" << endl; Date date2(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date2:"; date2.DatePrint(); Date date3 = date2 - 679; cout << "date2-679=" ; date3.DatePrint(); cout <<endl<< "相差:------------------------------------" << endl; cout << "date4:"; Date date4(2023, 9, 9); date4.DatePrint(); cout << "date5:"; Date date5(2009, 4, 5); date5.DatePrint(); cout << "date5-date4="<< date5 - date4 << endl; cout << endl<<"相加:----------------------------------" << endl; Date date(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date:"; date.DatePrint(); Date date1 = date + 2000; cout << "date+2000="; date1.DatePrint(); cout <<endl<< "+= ---------------------------" << endl; Date date6(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date6:"; date6.DatePrint(); date6 += 138; cout << "date6 += 138:"; date6.DatePrint(); cout << endl<<"-=-----------------------------" << endl; Date date7(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date7:"; date7.DatePrint(); date7 -= 138; cout << "date7-=138:"; date7.DatePrint(); cout << endl<<"==------------------------------" << endl; Date date8(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date8:"; date8.DatePrint(); Date date9(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date9:"; date9.DatePrint(); cout << "date8==date9:" << (date8 == date9) << endl; cout << endl<<"!=------------------------------------" << endl; Date date10(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date10:"; date10.DatePrint(); Date date11(2024, 1, 10); cout << "date11:"; date11.DatePrint(); cout << "date10!=date11:" << (date10 != date11) << endl; cout << endl<<">----------------------------------------" << endl; Date date12(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date12:"; date12.DatePrint(); Date date13(2024, 1, 10); cout << "date13:"; date13.DatePrint(); cout << "date10>date11:" << (date10 > date11) << endl; cout <<endl<< "++------------------------------" << endl; Date date14(2024, 1, 31); cout << "date14:"; date14.DatePrint(); ++date14; cout << "++date14:"; date14.DatePrint(); cout <<endl<< "-- --------------------------" << endl; Date date15(2024, 1, 1); cout << "date15:"; date15.DatePrint(); --date15; cout << "--date15:"; date15.DatePrint(); return 0; }
结果:
完整代码
Date.h
#include<iostream> #include<stdbool.h> using namespace std; bool leap(int year); int MonthDay(int year, int month); //闰年 class Date { private: int Year; int Month; int Day; public: //构造函数 Date(); Date(int year,int month,int day); void DatePrint(); //加法 Date operator+(int day); //减法 Date operator-(int day); //当前日期到1年1月1日的天数 int number1(); //相差 int operator-(Date date); //判断相等 bool operator==(Date date); //判断不相等 bool operator!=(Date date); //实现-= Date operator-=(int day); //实现+= Date operator+=(int day); //判断> bool operator>(Date date); //判断< bool operator<(Date date); //判断>= bool operator<=(Date date); //判断>= bool operator>=(Date date); //++ Date operator++(); //-- Date operator--(); };
fun.cpp
#include"Date.h" bool leap(int year) { //不是百年4年一闰 if (year % 100 != 0 && year % 4 == 0) return true; if (year % 100 == 0 && year % 400 == 0) return true; return false; } //每月多少天 int MonthDay(int year, int month) { int arr[13] = { 0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 }; if (month == 2 && !leap(year)) return arr[month]-1; else return arr[month]; } Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) { Year = year; Month = month; Day = day; } void Date::DatePrint() { cout << Year << "/" << Month << "/" << Day << endl; } Date::Date() { Year = 1; Month = 1; Day = 1; } Date Date::operator-(int day) { day -= Day; Month--; while (day > MonthDay(Year, Day)) { day -= MonthDay(Year, Month); Month--; if (Month < 1) { Year--; Month = 12; } } Day = MonthDay(Year, Month) - day; return *this; } Date Date::operator+(int day) { if (day < 0) { return operator-(day); } day += Day; while (day > MonthDay(Year, Month)) { day -= MonthDay(Year, Month); Month++; if (Month > 12) { Year++; Month = 1; } } Day = day; return *this; } int Date:: number1() { int year = 1,month = 1; int thisday = 0; while (year < Year) { thisday += (leap(year)) ? 366 : 365; year++; } while (month < Month) { thisday += MonthDay(Year, month); month++; } thisday += Day; return thisday; } int Date::operator-(Date date) { return this->number1()-date.number1(); } bool Date::operator==(Date date) { if(Year == date.Year&&Month==date.Month&&Day==date.Day)return true; return false; } bool Date::operator!=(Date date) { if (*this == date)return false; return true; } Date Date::operator-=(int day) { *this = *this - day; return *this; } Date Date::operator+=(int day) { *this = *this + day; return *this; } bool Date::operator>(Date date) { if (Year < date.Year) return true; else { if (Month < date.Month) return true; else { if (Day < date.Day) return true; else false; } } } bool Date::operator>=(Date date) { if (*this > date||*this == date) return true; else return false; } bool Date::operator<(Date date) { if (*this >= date )return false; return true; } bool Date::operator<=(Date date) { if (*this > date)return false; else return true; } Date Date::operator++() { Day++; if (Day > MonthDay(Year, Month)) { Month++; if (Month > 12) { Year++; Month = 1; } Day = 1; } return *this; } Date Date::operator--() { if (Day == 1) { Month--; if (Month == 0) { Year--; Month = 12; } Day = MonthDay(Year, Month); return *this; } }
test.cpp
#include"Date.h" int main() { cout << "相减:---------------------" << endl; Date date2(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date2:"; date2.DatePrint(); Date date3 = date2 - 679; cout << "date2-679=" ; date3.DatePrint(); cout <<endl<< "相差:------------------------------------" << endl; cout << "date4:"; Date date4(2023, 9, 9); date4.DatePrint(); cout << "date5:"; Date date5(2009, 4, 5); date5.DatePrint(); cout << "date5-date4="<< date5 - date4 << endl; cout << endl<<"相加:----------------------------------" << endl; Date date(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date:"; date.DatePrint(); Date date1 = date + 2000; cout << "date+2000="; date1.DatePrint(); cout <<endl<< "+= ---------------------------" << endl; Date date6(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date6:"; date6.DatePrint(); date6 += 138; cout << "date6 += 138:"; date6.DatePrint(); cout << endl<<"-=-----------------------------" << endl; Date date7(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date7:"; date7.DatePrint(); date7 -= 138; cout << "date7-=138:"; date7.DatePrint(); cout << endl<<"==------------------------------" << endl; Date date8(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date8:"; date8.DatePrint(); Date date9(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date9:"; date9.DatePrint(); cout << "date8==date9:" << (date8 == date9) << endl; cout << endl<<"!=------------------------------------" << endl; Date date10(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date10:"; date10.DatePrint(); Date date11(2024, 1, 10); cout << "date11:"; date11.DatePrint(); cout << "date10!=date11:" << (date10 != date11) << endl; cout << endl<<">----------------------------------------" << endl; Date date12(2024, 1, 9); cout << "date12:"; date12.DatePrint(); Date date13(2024, 1, 10); cout << "date13:"; date13.DatePrint(); cout << "date10>date11:" << (date10 > date11) << endl; cout <<endl<< "++------------------------------" << endl; Date date14(2024, 1, 31); cout << "date14:"; date14.DatePrint(); ++date14; cout << "++date14:"; date14.DatePrint(); cout <<endl<< "-- --------------------------" << endl; Date date15(2024, 1, 1); cout << "date15:"; date15.DatePrint(); --date15; cout << "--date15:"; date15.DatePrint(); return 0; }