自定义日历库
自定义日历库函数，并使得其与python calendar库中对应的函数功能基本一致。
常用列表
month_name = ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'] day_name = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday'] def daylist(year, month): days = [' ']*weekday(year, month) + [*range(1, monthday(year)[month-1]+1)] return days + [' ']*(42-len(days)) def dayslist(year, month): dlist, count = daylist(year, month), monthday(year)[month-1]//7+2 mlist = [' '.join(map(lambda n:str(n).rjust(2), dlist[i*7:i*7+7])) for i in range(count)] return [month_name[month-1].center(20), weekheader(), *mlist]
常用函数
为方便写代码间隔都以库函数默认值为准，放弃对库函数的间隔参数进行模拟，比如：
calendar.prcal(theyear, w=0, l=0, c=6, m=3)，其中 w, l, c 为间隔参数。
闰年判断
判断条件：年份数能被4整除且不能被100整除，或者能被400整除的
def isleap(year):
'''Return True for leap years, False for non-leap years.'''
return year%4==0 and year%100!=0 or year%400==0
月份天数
12个月份的天数，只有2月份的天数是可变的，闰年+1。
monthday = lambda year: [31, 28+isleap(year), 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
元旦序号
这个计算公式看似很神奇，实际上它的本质也就来源于闰年判断公式isleap(year)。即计算公元1年到给定年份（不包括）之间有多少个年份是闰年，公元1年1月1日是星期一是计算基准。所以年份数减一加上能被4整除的年数减去那些能被100整除但不能被400整除的年数加上能被400整除的年数即周一的总位移数，这个结果取余(%7)后的结果0-6对应的是周一~周日。
firstday = lambda year: (year-1+(year-1)//4-(year-1)//100+(year-1)//400)%7
使用python 3.8及以上的版本，有个海象操作符，上式改写成以下形式：
firstday = lambda year: (y+y//4-y//100+y//400)%7 if (y:=year-1)+1 else None
是不是更简洁了，顺便还去掉了0年，因为年份只有公元1年公元前1年，中间没有公元0年的。
日历表头
def weekheader(width=2):
'''Return a header for a week.'''
space = ((width-2 if width>3 else 1)*' ')
return space.join(map(lambda x:x[:min(width, 3) if width<9 else 9], day_name))
星期序号
以 firstday(year) 作基准计算指定日期的星期序号，结果0~6则对应周一~周日。
def weekday(year, month, day=1):
'''Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) for year, month (1-12), day (1-31).'''
return (firstday(year)+sum(monthday(year)[:month-1])+day-1)%7
序号及天数
def monthrange(year, month):
'''Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) and number of days (28-31) for year, month.'''
return weekday(year, month, 1), monthday(year)[month-1]
月历字串
def month(year, month):
'''Return a month's calendar string (multi-line).'''
days = [day for day in dayslist(year, month) if day.strip()]
return (" ".join([days[0].strip(),str(year)]).center(20).rstrip()+'\n'+'\n'.join(days[1:])).rstrip()+'\n'
打印月历
def prmonth(year, month):
'''Print a month's calendar.'''
print(month(year, month))
年历字串
def calendar(year):
'''Returns a year's calendar as a multi-line string.'''
result = str(year).center(72).rstrip()+'\n'
for i in range(4):
result += '\n'
for row in zip(*[dayslist(year,i*3+j) for j in range(1,4)]):
result += (6*' ').join(row).rstrip()+'\n' if (6*' ').join(row).strip() else ''
return result
打印年历
def prcal(year):
'''Print a year's calendar.'''
print(calendar(year))
对比测试
测试结果
本文末尾有完整代码，保存为mycalendar.py；然后与对应内置的日历库函数对比：
>>> import calendar, mycalendar
>>> all((calendar.weekday(i,1,1)==mycalendar.weekday(i,1,1) for i in range(3000)))
True
>>> all((calendar.monthrange(i,1)==mycalendar.monthrange(i,1) for i in range(3000)))
True
>>> all((calendar.month(i,1)==mycalendar.month(i,1) for i in range(3000)))
True
>>> all((calendar.calendar(i)==mycalendar.calendar(i) for i in range(3000)))
True
# 测试结果：四个主要函数的运行结果在3000年中与对应库函数的完全一致。
完整代码
month_name = ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'] day_name = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday'] def daylist(year, month): days = [' ']*weekday(year, month) + [*range(1, monthday(year)[month-1]+1)] return days + [' ']*(42-len(days)) def dayslist(year, month): dlist, count = daylist(year, month), monthday(year)[month-1]//7+2 mlist = [' '.join(map(lambda n:str(n).rjust(2), dlist[i*7:i*7+7])) for i in range(count)] return [month_name[month-1].center(20), weekheader(), *mlist] def isleap(year): '''Return True for leap years, False for non-leap years.''' return year%4==0 and year%100!=0 or year%400==0 monthday = lambda year: [31, 28+isleap(year), 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31] firstday = lambda year: (year-1+(year-1)//4-(year-1)//100+(year-1)//400)%7 def weekheader(width=2): '''Return a header for a week.''' space = ((width-2 if width>3 else 1)*' ') return space.join(map(lambda x:x[:min(width, 3) if width<9 else 9], day_name)) def weekday(year, month, day=1): '''Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) for year, month (1-12), day (1-31).''' return (firstday(year)+sum(monthday(year)[:month-1])+day-1)%7 def monthrange(year, month): '''Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) and number of days (28-31) for year, month.''' return weekday(year, month, 1), monthday(year)[month-1] def month(year, month): '''Return a month's calendar string (multi-line).''' days = [day for day in dayslist(year, month) if day.strip()] return (" ".join([days[0].strip(),str(year)]).center(20).rstrip()+'\n'+'\n'.join(days[1:])).rstrip()+'\n' def prmonth(year, month): '''Print a month's calendar.''' print(month(year, month)) def calendar(year): '''Returns a year's calendar as a multi-line string.''' result = str(year).center(72).rstrip()+'\n' for i in range(4): result += '\n' for row in zip(*[dayslist(year,i*3+j) for j in range(1,4)]): result += (6*' ').join(row).rstrip()+'\n' if (6*' ').join(row).strip() else '' return result def prcal(year): '''Print a year's calendar.''' print(calendar(year))
运行结果
2023
January February March
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 27 28 29 30 31
30 31
April May June
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30
July August September
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
October November December
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
30 31
2024
January February March
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
29 30 31 26 27 28 29 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
April May June
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 1 2
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
29 30 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
July August September
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
October November December
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
2025
January February March
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
April May June
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
July August September
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30
October November December
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31
空格的原因看上去像没对齐，看在源码框里的效果：
2023 January February March Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 27 28 29 30 31 30 31 April May June Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 July August September Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 October November December Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 30 31 2024 January February March Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 April May June Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 29 30 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July August September Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 October November December Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2025 January February March Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 April May June Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July August September Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30 October November December Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31
