掌握Java 8 Stream API的艺术:详解流式编程(一)https://developer.aliyun.com/article/1480489
案例四:计算Integer集合中大于6的元素的个数
import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 4, 8, 2, 11, 9); long count = list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).count(); System.out.println("list中大于6的元素个数:" + count); } }
输出结果:
list中大于6的元素个数:4
映射(map/flatMap)
映射,可以将一个流的元素按照一定的映射规则映射到另一个流中。分为map和flatMap:
- map:接收一个函数作为参数,该函数会被应用到每个元素上,并将其映射成一个新的元素。
- flatMap:接收一个函数作为参数,将流中的每个值都换成另一个流,然后把所有流连接成一个流。
案例一:英文字符串数组的元素全部改为大写。整数数组每个元素+3
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] strArr = { "abcd", "bcdd", "defde", "fTr" }; List<String> strList = Arrays.stream(strArr).map(String::toUpperCase).collect(Collectors.toList()); List<Integer> intList = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11); List<Integer> intListNew = intList.stream().map(x -> x + 3).collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println("每个元素大写:" + strList); System.out.println("每个元素+3:" + intListNew); } }
输出结果:
每个元素大写:[ABCD, BCDD, DEFDE, FTR] 每个元素+3:[4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14]
案例二:将员工的薪资全部增加1000
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York")); // 不改变原来员工集合的方式 List<Person> personListNew = personList.stream().map(person -> { Person personNew = new Person(person.getName(), 0, 0, null, null); personNew.setSalary(person.getSalary() + 10000); return personNew; }).collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println("一次改动前:" + personList.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personList.get(0).getSalary()); System.out.println("一次改动后:" + personListNew.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary()); // 改变原来员工集合的方式 List<Person> personListNew2 = personList.stream().map(person -> { person.setSalary(person.getSalary() + 10000); return person; }).collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println("二次改动前:" + personList.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary()); System.out.println("二次改动后:" + personListNew2.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary()); } }
输出结果:
一次改动前:Tom–>8900 一次改动后:Tom–>18900 二次改动前:Tom–>18900 二次改动后:Tom–>18900
案例三:将两个字符数组合并成一个新的字符数组
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<String> list = Arrays.asList("m,k,l,a", "1,3,5,7"); List<String> listNew = list.stream().flatMap(s -> { // 将每个元素转换成一个stream String[] split = s.split(","); Stream<String> s2 = Arrays.stream(split); return s2; }).collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println("处理前的集合:" + list); System.out.println("处理后的集合:" + listNew); } }
输出结果:
处理前的集合:[m-k-l-a, 1-3-5] 处理后的集合:[m, k, l, a, 1, 3, 5]
归约(reduce)
归约,也称缩减,顾名思义,是把一个流缩减成一个值,能实现对集合求和、求乘积和求最值操作。
案例一:求Integer集合的元素之和、乘积和最大值
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 8, 11, 4); // 求和方式1 Optional<Integer> sum = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x + y); // 求和方式2 Optional<Integer> sum2 = list.stream().reduce(Integer::sum); // 求和方式3 Integer sum3 = list.stream().reduce(0, Integer::sum); // 求乘积 Optional<Integer> product = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x * y); // 求最大值方式1 Optional<Integer> max = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x > y ? x : y); // 求最大值写法2 Integer max2 = list.stream().reduce(1, Integer::max); System.out.println("list求和:" + sum.get() + "," + sum2.get() + "," + sum3); System.out.println("list求积:" + product.get()); System.out.println("list求和:" + max.get() + "," + max2); } }
输出结果:
list求和:29,29,29 list求积:2112 list求和:11,11
案例二:求所有员工的工资之和和最高工资
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York")); // 求工资之和方式1: Optional<Integer> sumSalary = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).reduce(Integer::sum); // 求工资之和方式2: Integer sumSalary2 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (sum, p) -> sum += p.getSalary(), (sum1, sum2) -> sum1 + sum2); // 求工资之和方式3: Integer sumSalary3 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (sum, p) -> sum += p.getSalary(), Integer::sum); // 求最高工资方式1: Integer maxSalary = personList.stream().reduce(0, (max, p) -> max > p.getSalary() ? max : p.getSalary(), Integer::max); // 求最高工资方式2: Integer maxSalary2 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (max, p) -> max > p.getSalary() ? max : p.getSalary(), (max1, max2) -> max1 > max2 ? max1 : max2); System.out.println("工资之和:" + sumSalary.get() + "," + sumSalary2 + "," + sumSalary3); System.out.println("最高工资:" + maxSalary + "," + maxSalary2); } }
输出结果:
工资之和:49300,49300,49300 最高工资:9500,9500
收集(collect)
collect,收集,可以说是内容最繁多、功能最丰富的部分了。从字面上去理解,就是把一个流收集起来,最终可以是收集成一个值也可以收集成一个新的集合。
collect主要依赖java.util.stream.Collectors类内置的静态方法。
归集(toList/toSet/toMap)
因为流不存储数据,那么在流中的数据完成处理后,需要将流中的数据重新归集到新的集合里。toList、toSet和toMap比较常用,另外还有toCollection、toConcurrentMap等复杂一些的用法。
下面用一个案例演示toList、toSet和toMap:
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 6, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 6, 20); List<Integer> listNew = list.stream().filter(x -> x % 2 == 0).collect(Collectors.toList()); Set<Integer> set = list.stream().filter(x -> x % 2 == 0).collect(Collectors.toSet()); List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York")); Map<?, Person> map = personList.stream().filter(p -> p.getSalary() > 8000) .collect(Collectors.toMap(Person::getName, p -> p)); System.out.println("toList:" + listNew); System.out.println("toSet:" + set); System.out.println("toMap:" + map); } }
运行结果:
toList:[6, 4, 6, 6, 20] toSet:[4, 20, 6] toMap:{Tom=mutest.Person@5fd0d5ae, Anni=mutest.Person@2d98a335}
统计(count/averaging)
Collectors提供了一系列用于数据统计的静态方法:
- 计数:count
- 平均值:averagingInt、averagingLong、averagingDouble
- 最值:maxBy、minBy
- 求和:summingInt、summingLong、summingDouble
- 统计以上所有:summarizingInt、summarizingLong、summarizingDouble
案例:统计员工人数、平均工资、工资总额、最高工资
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington")); // 求总数 Long count = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.counting()); // 求平均工资 Double average = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.averagingDouble(Person::getSalary)); // 求最高工资 Optional<Integer> max = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).collect(Collectors.maxBy(Integer::compare)); // 求工资之和 Integer sum = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.summingInt(Person::getSalary)); // 一次性统计所有信息 DoubleSummaryStatistics collect = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.summarizingDouble(Person::getSalary)); System.out.println("员工总数:" + count); System.out.println("员工平均工资:" + average); System.out.println("员工工资总和:" + sum); System.out.println("员工工资所有统计:" + collect); } }
运行结果:
员工总数:3 员工平均工资:7900.0 员工工资总和:23700 员工工资所有统计:DoubleSummaryStatistics{count=3, sum=23700.000000,min=7000.000000, average=7900.000000, max=8900.000000}
握Java 8 Stream API的艺术:详解流式编程(二)https://developer.aliyun.com/article/1480492