mongodb 命令行连接及基础命令

root@bddff4197a79:/# mongosh --help
  $ mongosh [options] [db address] [file names (ending in .js or .mongodb)]
  Options:
    -h, --help                                 Show this usage information
    -f, --file [arg]                           Load the specified mongosh script
        --host [arg]                           Server to connect to
        --port [arg]                           Port to connect to
        --version                              Show version information
        --verbose                              Increase the verbosity of the output of the shell
        --quiet                                Silence output from the shell during the connection process
        --shell                                Run the shell after executing files
        --nodb                                 Don't connect to mongod on startup - no 'db address' [arg] expected
        --norc                                 Will not run the '.mongoshrc.js' file on start up
        --eval [arg]                           Evaluate javascript
        --retryWrites                          Automatically retry write operations upon transient network errors
  Authentication Options:
    -u, --username [arg]                       Username for authentication
    -p, --password [arg]                       Password for authentication
        --authenticationDatabase [arg]         User source (defaults to dbname)
        --authenticationMechanism [arg]        Authentication mechanism
        --awsIamSessionToken [arg]             AWS IAM Temporary Session Token ID
        --gssapiServiceName [arg]              Service name to use when authenticating using GSSAPI/Kerberos
        --sspiHostnameCanonicalization [arg]   Specify the SSPI hostname canonicalization (none or forward, available on Windows)
        --sspiRealmOverride [arg]              Specify the SSPI server realm (available on Windows)
  TLS Options:
        --tls                                  Use TLS for all connections
        --tlsCertificateKeyFile [arg]          PEM certificate/key file for TLS
        --tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword [arg]  Password for key in PEM file for TLS
        --tlsCAFile [arg]                      Certificate Authority file for TLS
        --tlsAllowInvalidHostnames             Allow connections to servers with non-matching hostnames
        --tlsAllowInvalidCertificates          Allow connections to servers with invalid certificates
        --tlsCertificateSelector [arg]         TLS Certificate in system store (Windows and macOS only)
        --tlsCRLFile [arg]                     Specifies the .pem file that contains the Certificate Revocation List
        --tlsDisabledProtocols [arg]           Comma separated list of TLS protocols to disable [TLS1_0,TLS1_1,TLS1_2]
  API version options:
        --apiVersion [arg]                     Specifies the API version to connect with
        --apiStrict                            Use strict API version mode
        --apiDeprecationErrors                 Fail deprecated commands for the specified API version
  FLE Options:
        --awsAccessKeyId [arg]                 AWS Access Key for FLE Amazon KMS
        --awsSecretAccessKey [arg]             AWS Secret Key for FLE Amazon KMS
        --awsSessionToken [arg]                Optional AWS Session Token ID
        --keyVaultNamespace [arg]              database.collection to store encrypted FLE parameters
        --kmsURL [arg]                         Test parameter to override the URL of the KMS endpoint
  DB Address Examples:
        foo                                    Foo database on local machine
        192.168.0.5/foo                        Foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine
        192.168.0.5:9999/foo                   Foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine on port 9999
        mongodb://192.168.0.5:9999/foo         Connection string URI can also be used
  File Names:
        A list of files to run. Files must end in .js and will exit after unless --shell is specified.
  Examples:
        Start mongosh using 'ships' database on specified connection string:
        $ mongosh mongodb://192.168.0.5:9999/ships
  For more information on usage: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell.

mongosh --host localhost:27017 -u root -p 'yourpassword'

mongosh --host localhost:27017

root@bddff4197a79:/# mongosh --host localhost:27017
Current Mongosh Log ID: 654b58d5a9821e4d7bbbf493
Connecting to:    mongodb://localhost:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000
Using MongoDB:    5.0.5
Using Mongosh:    1.1.6
For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/
------
   The server generated these startup warnings when booting:
   2023-11-08T01:13:10.562+00:00: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine. See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem
   2023-11-08T01:13:11.610+00:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted
------
Warning: Found ~/.mongorc.js, but not ~/.mongoshrc.js. ~/.mongorc.js will not be loaded.
  You may want to copy or rename ~/.mongorc.js to ~/.mongoshrc.js.

show dbs

db

use 数据库名

db.dropDatabase()

show collections

db.集合名称.drop()

db.stu.insert({name:'zhangsan', gender:1})
db.stu.insert({_id:"20170101", name:'zhangsan', gender:1})

db.集合名称.find({条件文档})
  db.stu.find({name:'zhangsan'})

db.集合名称.findOne({条件文档})
    db.stu.findOne({age:20})

db.集合名称.find({条件文档}).pretty()
    db.stu.find({name:'zhangsan'}).pretty()

db.stu.update({name:'zhangsan', {name:'wangwu'}}) 更新匹配的第一条，其他值会被删除
    db.stu.update({name:'zhangsan', {$set:{name:'hys'}}}) 更新匹配的第一条，其他值不会被删除
    db.stu.update{{}, {$set:{gender:0}}, {multi:true}} 跟新全部，其他值不会被删除

db.stu.remove({name:'wangwu'}, {justOne:true}) 删除一条
  db.stu.remove({gender:2}) 删除全部

db.stu.find({age: {$gte:18}})

db.stu.find({age:{$in:[18,28]}})

db.stu.find({age:{$gte:18}, sex:1})

db.stu.find({$or:[{age:{$gt:18}}, {sex:1}]})

db.stu.find({$or:[{age:{$gt:18}}, {set:1}],name:'xiaoming'})

db.stu.find({name:/^xiao/})
db.stu.find({name:{$regex:'^xiao'}})

db.stu.find().limit(2)

db.stu.find().skip(2)

db.stu.find().limit(1).skip(2)
db.stu.find().limit(2).skip(1)

db.stu.find().sort({sex:-1,age:1})

db.stu.find({sex:1}).count()
db.stu.count({age:{$gt:20},sex:1})

db.stu.distinct('sex', {age: {$gt:18}})

db.map.aggregate(
    {$group:{_id: '$country',counter: {$sum:1}}}
)

db.stu.aggregate(
    {$group:{_id: null , counter: {$sum:1},age_avg: {$avg: '$age'}}}
)

db.stu.aggregate(
   {$project:{_id:0,name:1,age:1}}
)

db.stu.aggregate(
   {$group:{_id:'$sex',counter:{$sum:1}}},
   {$project:{_id:0, sex:'$_id',counter:1}}
)

db.stu.aggregate(
   {$match:{age:{$gt:20}}}
)

db.stu.aggregate(
   {$match:{age:{$gt:20}}},
   {$group:{_id:'$sex', counter:{$sum:1}}}
)

db.stu.aggregate(
    {$sort:{age:1}}
)

db.stu.aggregate(
    {$group:{_id:'$sex',count:{$sum:1}}},
    {$sort:{count:-1}},
    {$project:{count:1,_id:0}})

db.stu.aggregate(
   {$limit:2}
)

db.stu.aggregate(
   {$skip:2}
)

db.t2.insert(
   {_id:1, item:'t-shirt', size:['S', 'M', 'L']}
)
db.t2.aggregate(
   {$unwind:'$size'}
)
注意：如果每条文档中含有该数组的字段值为空的时候，想保留字段内容，可以使用：
db.t2.aggregate(
   {$unwind:{
       path: '$字段名称',
       preserveNullAndEmptyArrays:<boolean>  # 防止数据丢失
   }}
)