一、LED 模板驱动程序的改造
1.1 原来的框架
1.2 要实现的框架
二、代码分析:
2.1 board_A_led.c
平台设备文件
#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/errno.h> #include <linux/miscdevice.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/major.h> #include <linux/mutex.h> #include <linux/proc_fs.h> #include <linux/seq_file.h> #include <linux/stat.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/device.h> #include <linux/tty.h> #include <linux/kmod.h> #include <linux/gfp.h> #include <linux/platform_device.h> #include "led_resource.h" static void led_dev_release(struct device *dev) { } static struct resource resources[] = { { .start = GROUP_PIN(3,1), .flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ, .name = "100ask_led_pin", }, { .start = GROUP_PIN(5,8), .flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ, .name = "100ask_led_pin", }, }; static struct platform_device board_A_led_dev = { .name = "100ask_led", .num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(resources), .resource = resources, .dev = { .release = led_dev_release, }, }; static int __init led_dev_init(void) { int err; err = platform_device_register(&board_A_led_dev); return 0; } static void __exit led_dev_exit(void) { platform_device_unregister(&board_A_led_dev); } module_init(led_dev_init); module_exit(led_dev_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
第27~38行:
static struct resource resources[] = {
如果我们再想增加一盏灯的话,我们可以在这里的平台设备在这里的资源再增加一盏灯
.start = GROUP_PIN(3,1),
指定第3组里面的第1个引脚
第41~48行:
static struct platform_device board_A_led_dev = {
注册一个board_A_led_dev
将上面代码资源数组中的资源添加到platform_device中
.name = "100ask_led":平台设备的名字,与chip_demo_gpio_driver进行匹配
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(resources):资源的个数
.resource = resources:指向这个数组
第50~62行:
board_A.c 作为一个可加载模块,里面也有入口函数、出口函数。
static int __init led_dev_init(void) static void __exit led_dev_exit(void)
设置注册好board_A_led_dev的入口函数和出口函数
第64~67行:
module_init(led_dev_init); module_exit(led_dev_exit);
修饰入口函数和出口函数
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
确定GPL协议
第50~57行:
在入口函数中注册 platform_device 结构体,在 platform_device 结构体中指定使用哪个 GPIO 引脚。
static int __init led_dev_init(void) { int err; err = platform_device_register(&board_A_led_dev); return 0; }
第23~48行:board_A_led_dev 结构体定义如下:
static void led_dev_release(struct device *dev) { } static struct resource resources[] = { { .start = GROUP_PIN(3,1), .flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ, .name = "100ask_led_pin", }, { .start = GROUP_PIN(5,8), .flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ, .name = "100ask_led_pin", }, }; static struct platform_device board_A_led_dev = { .name = "100ask_led", .num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(resources), .resource = resources, .dev = { .release = led_dev_release, }, };
在 resouces 数组中指定了 2 个引脚(第 27~38 行); 我们还提供了一个空函数 led_dev_release(第 23~25 行),它被赋给 board_A_led_dev 结构体(第 46 行),这个函数在卸载 platform_device 时会 被调用,如果不提供的话内核会打印警告信息。
第27~38行:
static struct resource resources[] = {
定义资源数组
2.2 chip_demo_gpio.c
#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/errno.h> #include <linux/miscdevice.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/major.h> #include <linux/mutex.h> #include <linux/proc_fs.h> #include <linux/seq_file.h> #include <linux/stat.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/device.h> #include <linux/tty.h> #include <linux/kmod.h> #include <linux/gfp.h> #include <linux/platform_device.h> #include "led_opr.h" #include "leddrv.h" #include "led_resource.h" static int g_ledpins[100]; static int g_ledcnt = 0; static int board_demo_led_init (int which) /* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */ { //printk("%s %s line %d, led %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which); printk("init gpio: group %d, pin %d\n", GROUP(g_ledpins[which]), PIN(g_ledpins[which])); switch(GROUP(g_ledpins[which])) { case 0: { printk("init pin of group 0 ...\n"); break; } case 1: { printk("init pin of group 1 ...\n"); break; } case 2: { printk("init pin of group 2 ...\n"); break; } case 3: { printk("init pin of group 3 ...\n"); break; } } return 0; } static int board_demo_led_ctl (int which, char status) /* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */ { //printk("%s %s line %d, led %d, %s\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which, status ? "on" : "off"); printk("set led %s: group %d, pin %d\n", status ? "on" : "off", GROUP(g_ledpins[which]), PIN(g_ledpins[which])); switch(GROUP(g_ledpins[which])) { case 0: { printk("set pin of group 0 ...\n"); break; } case 1: { printk("set pin of group 1 ...\n"); break; } case 2: { printk("set pin of group 2 ...\n"); break; } case 3: { printk("set pin of group 3 ...\n"); break; } } return 0; } static struct led_operations board_demo_led_opr = { .init = board_demo_led_init, .ctl = board_demo_led_ctl, }; struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void) { return &board_demo_led_opr; } static int chip_demo_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) { struct resource *res; int i = 0; while (1) { res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, i++); if (!res) break; g_ledpins[g_ledcnt] = res->start; led_class_create_device(g_ledcnt); g_ledcnt++; } return 0; } static int chip_demo_gpio_remove(struct platform_device *pdev) { struct resource *res; int i = 0; while (1) { res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, i); if (!res) break; led_class_destroy_device(i); i++; g_ledcnt--; } return 0; } static struct platform_driver chip_demo_gpio_driver = { .probe = chip_demo_gpio_probe, .remove = chip_demo_gpio_remove, .driver = { .name = "100ask_led", }, }; static int __init chip_demo_gpio_drv_init(void) { int err; err = platform_driver_register(&chip_demo_gpio_driver); register_led_operations(&board_demo_led_opr); return 0; } static void __exit lchip_demo_gpio_drv_exit(void) { platform_driver_unregister(&chip_demo_gpio_driver); } module_init(chip_demo_gpio_drv_init); module_exit(lchip_demo_gpio_drv_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
第138~144行:
chip_demo_gpio.c 中注册 platform_driver 结构体 , 它使用Bus/Dev/Drv 模型,当有匹配的 platform_device 时,它的 probe 函数就会被调用。
在 probe 函数中所做的事情跟之前的代码没有差别。
138 static struct platform_driver chip_demo_gpio_driver = { 139 .probe = chip_demo_gpio_probe, 140 .remove = chip_demo_gpio_remove, 141 .driver = { 142 .name = "100ask_led", 143 }, 144 }; 145 146 static int __init chip_demo_gpio_drv_init(void) 147 { 148 int err; 149 150 err = platform_driver_register(&chip_demo_gpio_driver); 151 register_led_operations(&board_demo_led_opr); 152 153 return 0; 154 }
注册一个chip_demo_gpio_driver
.driver = { .name = "100ask_led", },
设备名称,与board_A_led_dev中设备名称进行对应
.probe = chip_demo_gpio_probe:记录引脚
.remove = chip_demo_gpio_remove:销毁设备
第 150 行:向内核注册一个 platform_driver 结构体,这个结构体的核心在于第 100 行的 chip_demo_gpio_probe 函数。 chip_demo_gpio_probe 函数代码如下:
100 static int chip_demo_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) 101 { 102 struct resource *res; 103 int i = 0; 104 105 while (1) 106 { 107 res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, i++); 108 if (!res) 109 break; 110 111 g_ledpins[g_ledcnt] = res->start; 112 led_class_create_device(g_ledcnt); 113 g_ledcnt++; 114 } 115 return 0; 116 117 }
第 107 行:从匹配的 platform_device 中获取资源,确定 GPIO 引脚。
第 111 行:把引脚记录下来,在操作硬件时要用。
第 112 行:新发现了一个 GPIO 引脚,就调用上层驱动的代码创建设备节点
第146~159行:
static int __init chip_demo_gpio_drv_init(void) static void __exit lchip_demo_gpio_drv_exit(void)
设置注册好chip_demo_gpio_driver的入口函数和出口函数
第64~67行:
module_init(chip_demo_gpio_drv_init); module_exit(lchip_demo_gpio_drv_exit);
修饰入口函数和出口函数
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
确定GPL协议
第100~117行:
static int chip_demo_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
为board_A_led_dev提供 .probe
第105~144行:从资源里确定引脚
第107行:获得设备pdev中的第i个IORESOURCE_IRQ资源
第111行:记录引脚
第112行:创建device
第119~135行:
static int chip_demo_gpio_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
为board_A_led_dev提供 .remove
第126行:销毁设备pdev中的第i个IORESOURCE_IRQ资源
操作硬件的代码如下,第 31、63 行的代码里用到了数组 g_ledpins,里面的值来自 platform_device,在 probe 函数中根据 platform_device 的资源确定了引脚:
static int g_ledpins[100]; static int g_ledcnt = 0; static int board_demo_led_init (int which) /* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */ { //printk("%s %s line %d, led %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which); printk("init gpio: group %d, pin %d\n", GROUP(g_ledpins[which]), PIN(g_ledpins[which])); switch(GROUP(g_ledpins[which])) { case 0: { printk("init pin of group 0 ...\n"); break; } case 1: { printk("init pin of group 1 ...\n"); break; } case 2: { printk("init pin of group 2 ...\n"); break; } case 3: { printk("init pin of group 3 ...\n"); break; } } return 0; } static int board_demo_led_ctl (int which, char status) /* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */ { //printk("%s %s line %d, led %d, %s\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which, status ? "on" : "off"); printk("set led %s: group %d, pin %d\n", status ? "on" : "off", GROUP(g_ledpins[which]), PIN(g_ledpins[which])); switch(GROUP(g_ledpins[which])) { case 0: { printk("set pin of group 0 ...\n"); break; } case 1: { printk("set pin of group 1 ...\n"); break; } case 2: { printk("set pin of group 2 ...\n"); break; } case 3: { printk("set pin of group 3 ...\n"); break; } } return 0; } static struct led_operations board_demo_led_opr = { .init = board_demo_led_init, .ctl = board_demo_led_ctl, }; struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void) { return &board_demo_led_opr; }
第30和61行: 打印出想操作的引脚
第32和63行:判断引脚
第151行:
register_led_operations(&board_demo_led_opr);
底层向上层调用
2.3 leddrv.c
#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/errno.h> #include <linux/miscdevice.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/major.h> #include <linux/mutex.h> #include <linux/proc_fs.h> #include <linux/seq_file.h> #include <linux/stat.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/device.h> #include <linux/tty.h> #include <linux/kmod.h> #include <linux/gfp.h> #include "led_opr.h" /* 1. 确定主设备号 */ static int major = 0; static struct class *led_class; struct led_operations *p_led_opr; #define MIN(a, b) (a < b ? a : b) void led_class_create_device(int minor) { device_create(led_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, minor), NULL, "100ask_led%d", minor); /* /dev/100ask_led0,1,... */ } void led_class_destroy_device(int minor) { device_destroy(led_class, MKDEV(major, minor)); } void register_led_operations(struct led_operations *opr) { p_led_opr = opr; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(led_class_create_device); EXPORT_SYMBOL(led_class_destroy_device); EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_led_operations); /* 3. 实现对应的open/read/write等函数,填入file_operations结构体 */ static ssize_t led_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset) { printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__); return 0; } /* write(fd, &val, 1); */ static ssize_t led_drv_write (struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset) { int err; char status; struct inode *inode = file_inode(file); int minor = iminor(inode); printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__); err = copy_from_user(&status, buf, 1); /* 根据次设备号和status控制LED */ p_led_opr->ctl(minor, status); return 1; } static int led_drv_open (struct inode *node, struct file *file) { int minor = iminor(node); printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__); /* 根据次设备号初始化LED */ p_led_opr->init(minor); return 0; } static int led_drv_close (struct inode *node, struct file *file) { printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__); return 0; } /* 2. 定义自己的file_operations结构体 */ static struct file_operations led_drv = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .open = led_drv_open, .read = led_drv_read, .write = led_drv_write, .release = led_drv_close, }; /* 4. 把file_operations结构体告诉内核:注册驱动程序 */ /* 5. 谁来注册驱动程序啊?得有一个入口函数:安装驱动程序时,就会去调用这个入口函数 */ static int __init led_init(void) { int err; printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__); major = register_chrdev(0, "100ask_led", &led_drv); /* /dev/led */ led_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "100ask_led_class"); err = PTR_ERR(led_class); if (IS_ERR(led_class)) { printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__); unregister_chrdev(major, "led"); return -1; } return 0; } /* 6. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数:卸载驱动程序时,就会去调用这个出口函数 */ static void __exit led_exit(void) { printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__); class_destroy(led_class); unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_led"); } /* 7. 其他完善:提供设备信息,自动创建设备节点 */ module_init(led_init); module_exit(led_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
第30~33行:创建设备
void led_class_create_device(int minor)
EXPORT_SYMBOL(led_class_create_device);
产生依赖只有使用led_class_create_device才能产生led_class_create_device
第34~37行:销毁设备
void led_class_destroy_device(int minor)
EXPORT_SYMBOL(led_class_destroy_device);
产生依赖只有使用(led_class_destroy_device才能产生led_class_destroy_device
第38~41行:底层向上层注册函数
void register_led_operations(struct led_operations *opr)
EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_led_operations);
产生依赖只有底层调用才能产生register_led_operations
三、注意事项
3.1 release 函数
如果 platform_device 中不提供 release 函数,如下图所示不提供红框部分的函数:
则在调用 platform_device_unregister 时会出现警告,如下图所示:
你可以提供一个 release 函数,如果实在无事可做,把这函数写为空。
3.2 EXPORT_SYMBOL
a.c 编译为 a.ko,里面定义了 func_a;如果它想让 b.ko 使用该函数,那么 a.c 里需要导出此函数(如果 a.c, b.c 都编进内核,则无需导出):
EXPORT_SYMBOL(led_device_create);
并且,使用时要先加载 a.ko。如果先加载 b.ko,会有类似如下“Unknown symbol”的提示:
四、上机测试
4.1 编译
编译程序,把代码上传代服务器后执行 make 命令。
4.2 挂载到开发板
在开发板上挂载 NFS
[root@100ask:/mnt]# insmod board_A_led.ko [root@100ask:/mnt]# insmod leddrv.ko [root@100ask:/mnt]# insmod chip_demo_gpio.ko [root@100ask:/mnt]# ls /dev/100ask_led* [root@100ask:/mnt]# ./ledtest /dev/100ask_led0 on [root@100ask:/mnt]# ./ledtest /dev/100ask_led0 off