概述
我们都知道Spring源码博大精深,阅读起来相对困难。原因之一就是内部用了大量的监听器,spring相关的框架,皆是如此,spring security,springBoot
等。今天来看下springBoot
监听器的应用。
因为springBoot是对spring的封装,所以springBoot的监听器的应用主要是在启动模块。
源码
springBoot
监听器的主要分为两类:
1)运行时监听器
# Run Listeners org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\ org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener 复制代码
2)上下文监听器
# Application Listeners org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\ org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingApplicationListener 复制代码
注意:springBoot运行时监听器作用是用来触发springBoot上下文监听器,再根据各监听器监听的事件进行区分。 上面默认监听器的作用如下:
运行时监听器和上下文监听器都是定义在
spring.factories
文件中。
监听器触发
启动流程前面两篇已经有详细分析,所以本篇我们只看监听器相关逻辑。
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; configureHeadlessProperty(); //获取启动监听器的监听器 SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); //用该监听器来启动所有监听器 listeners.started(); try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); context = createAndRefreshContext(listeners, applicationArguments); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); listeners.finished(context, null); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } } 复制代码
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
这里创建了一个关键类:SpringApplicationRunListeners
。
SpringApplicationRunListeners
这是一个封装工具类,封装了所有的启动类监听器。默认只有一个实例,这里封装成List<SpringApplicationRunListener> listeners
,主要是方便我们扩展,我们可以定义自己的启动类监听器。
//启动类监听器 private final List<SpringApplicationRunListener> listeners; SpringApplicationRunListeners(Log log, Collection<? extends SpringApplicationRunListener> listeners) { this.log = log; this.listeners = new ArrayList<SpringApplicationRunListener>(listeners); } //启动上下文事件监听 public void started() { for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) { listener.started(); } } //environment准备完毕事件监听 public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) { for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) { listener.environmentPrepared(environment); } } //spring上下文准备完毕事件监听 public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) { listener.contextPrepared(context); } } //上下文配置类加载事件监听 public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) { listener.contextLoaded(context); } } //上下文构造完成事件监听 public void finished(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) { for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) { callFinishedListener(listener, context, exception); } } 复制代码
在前面的启动流程源码分析中介绍过,这些方法会在合适的时间点触发执行,然后广播出不同的事件。
跟进去EventPublishingRunListener
:
public EventPublishingRunListener(SpringApplication application, String[] args) { this.application = application; this.args = args; //spring事件机制通用的事件发布类 this.multicaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster(); for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : application.getListeners()) { this.multicaster.addApplicationListener(listener); } } 复制代码
上面会默认创建全局的事件发布工具类SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster
。
@Override public void started() { publishEvent(new ApplicationStartedEvent(this.application, this.args)); } @Override public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) { publishEvent(new ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(this.application, this.args, environment)); } @Override public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { registerApplicationEventMulticaster(context); } @Override public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : this.application.getListeners()) { if (listener instanceof ApplicationContextAware) { ((ApplicationContextAware) listener).setApplicationContext(context); } context.addApplicationListener(listener); } publishEvent(new ApplicationPreparedEvent(this.application, this.args, context)); } @Override public void finished(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) { publishEvent(getFinishedEvent(context, exception)); } 复制代码
可以看出每个方法都会发布不同的事件,所有的事件统一继承SpringApplicationEvent
:
事件广播
继续跟进事件广播方法:
@Override public void multicastEvent(ApplicationEvent event) { multicastEvent(event, resolveDefaultEventType(event)); } @Override public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, ResolvableType eventType) { ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event)); //根据事件类型选取需要通知的监听器 for (final ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) { //获取线程池,如果为null,则同步执行 Executor executor = getTaskExecutor(); if (executor != null) { executor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { invokeListener(listener, event); } }); } else { invokeListener(listener, event); } } } 复制代码
重点来看一下根据类型获取监听器:getApplicationListeners(event, type)
跟进该方法:
private Collection<ApplicationListener<?>> retrieveApplicationListeners( ResolvableType eventType, Class<?> sourceType, ListenerRetriever retriever) { //...... //根据类型匹配监听器 for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : listeners) { if (supportsEvent(listener, eventType, sourceType)) { if (retriever != null) { retriever.applicationListeners.add(listener); } allListeners.add(listener); } } //...... AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(allListeners); return allListeners; } 复制代码
上面省去了一些不相关代码,继续跟进:supportsEvent(listener, eventType, sourceType)
:
protected boolean supportsEvent(ApplicationListener<?> listener, ResolvableType eventType, Class<?> sourceType) { //判断监听器是否是 GenericApplicationListener 的子类,如果不是就返回一个GenericApplicationListenerAdapter GenericApplicationListener smartListener = (listener instanceof GenericApplicationListener ? (GenericApplicationListener) listener : new GenericApplicationListenerAdapter(listener)); return (smartListener.supportsEventType(eventType) && smartListener.supportsSourceType(sourceType)); } 复制代码
public interface GenericApplicationListener extends ApplicationListener<ApplicationEvent>, Ordered { boolean supportsEventType(ResolvableType eventType); boolean supportsSourceType(Class<?> sourceType); } 复制代码
这里又出现一个关键类:GenericApplicationListener
,该类是 spring 提供的用于重写匹配监听器事件的接口。 就是说如果需要判断的监听器是GenericApplicationListener
的子类,说明类型匹配方法已被重现,就调用子类的匹配方法。如果不是,则为我们提供一个默认的适配器用来匹配:GenericApplicationListenerAdapter
:
继续跟进该类的supportsEventType(ResolvableType eventType)
方法:
public boolean supportsEventType(ResolvableType eventType) { if (this.delegate instanceof SmartApplicationListener) { Class<? extends ApplicationEvent> eventClass = (Class<? extends ApplicationEvent>) eventType.getRawClass(); return ((SmartApplicationListener) this.delegate).supportsEventType(eventClass); } else { return (this.declaredEventType == null || this.declaredEventType.isAssignableFrom(eventType)); } } 复制代码
可以看到该类最终调用的是declaredEventType.isAssignableFrom(eventType)
方法,也就是说,如果我们没有重写监听器匹配方法,那么发布的事件 event 会被监听 event以及监听event的父类的监听器监听到。
自定义监听器
/** * Created by zhangshukang on 2018/9/22. */ public class SimpleApplicationListener implements GenericApplicationListener,ApplicationListener<ApplicationEvent> { @Override public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) { System.out.println("myApplistener execute..."); } @Override public boolean supportsEventType(ResolvableType eventType) { return true; } @Override public boolean supportsSourceType(Class<?> sourceType) { return true; } @Override public int getOrder() { return 0; } 复制代码
上面supportsEventType
和supportsSourceType
是预留的扩展方法,这里全部为true,也就意味着监听所有的ApplicationEvent
事件,方法会执行多次:
总结
springBoot
整体框架就是通过该监听器org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners
,来触发上下文监听器。通过上下文监听器来完成整体逻辑,比如加载配置文件,加载配置类,初始化日志环境等。