1.Bean的作用域
- singleton:单例Bean只在容器中存在一个实例,在Spring内部通过HashMap来维护单例bean的缓存
- prototype:每次索取bean时都会创建一个全新的Bean
- request:每次请求都会创建一个全新Bean,该类型作用于Web类型的Spring容器
- session:每个会话创建一个全新Bean,该类型作用于Web类型的Spring容器
- globalSession:类似于session作用域,只是其用于portlet环境的web应用。如果在非portlet环境将视为session作用域
- 总结:以上就是spring中bean的作用域,其中singleton,prototype属于Spring bean的基本作作用域,request,session,globalSession属于web应用环境的作用域,必须有web应用环境的支持
2.Bean的生命周期
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- IoC容器启动
- 实例化bean
- 如果Bean实现了BeanNameAware接口,则调用setBeanName(String name)返回beanName,该方法不是设置beanName,而只是让Bean获取自己在BeanFactory配置中的名字
- 如果Bean实现BeanFactoryAware接口,会回调该接口的setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory)方法,传入该Bean的BeanFactory,这样该Bean就获得了自己所在的BeanFactory
- 如果Bean实现了ApplicationContextAware接口,则调用该接口的setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)方法,设置applicationContext
- 如果有Bean实现了BeanPostProcessor接口,则调用该接口的postProcessBeforeInitialzation(Object bean,String beanName)方法,将此BeanPostProcessor应用于给定的新bean实例
- 如果Bean实现了InitializingBean接口,则会回调该接口的afterPropertiesSet()方法
- 如果Bean配置了init-method方法,则会执行init-method配置的方法
- 如果Bean实现了BeanPostProcessor接口,则会回调该接口的postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean,String beanName)方法
- 到此为止,spring中的bean已经可以使用了,这里又涉及到了bean的作用域问题,对于singleton类型的bean,Spring会将其缓存;对于prototype类型的bean,不缓存,每次都创建新的bean的实例
- 容器关,如果Bean实现了DisposableBean接口,则会回调该接口的destroy()方法销毁bean,
- 如果用户配置了定destroy-method,则调用自定义方法销毁bean
来看实际的例子:
- bean
package com.lyc.cn.v2.day01.lifecycle; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.*; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware; public class LifeCycleBean implements BeanNameAware, BeanFactoryAware, ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean, DisposableBean { // 姓名 private String name; // 年龄 private int age; @Override public void setBeanName(String name) { System.out.println("01-->BeanNameAware接口被调用了, 获取到的beanName:" + name); } @Override public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException { System.out.println("02-->BeanFactoryAware接口被调用了"); } @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { System.out.println("03-->ApplicationContextAware接口被调用了"); } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { System.out.println("05-->InitializingBean接口被调用了"); } public void myInit() { System.out.println("06-->myInit方法被调用了"); } @Override public void destroy() throws Exception { System.out.println("09-->DisposableBean接口被调用了"); } public void myDestroy() { System.out.println("10-->自定义destroy-method方法被调动了"); } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "MyLifeCycleBean{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; } }
package com.lyc.cn.v2.day01.lifecycle; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor; public class LifeCycleBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor { @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { if (bean instanceof LifeCycleBean) { System.out.println("04-->调用postProcessBeforeInitialization方法, 获取到的beanName: " + beanName); ((LifeCycleBean) bean).setName("李四"); } return bean; } @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { if (bean instanceof LifeCycleBean) { System.out.println("07-->调用postProcessAfterInitialization, 获取到的beanName: " + beanName); ((LifeCycleBean) bean).setAge(30); } return bean; } }
- xml
<!-- ====================生命周期==================== --> <!--注意:这里配置的name是张三,age是25,我们会通过beanPostProcessor来修改nage和age --> <bean id="myLifeCycleBean" class="com.lyc.cn.v2.day01.lifecycle.LifeCycleBean" destroy-method="myDestroy" init-method="myInit"> <property name="name" value="张三"/> <property name="age" value="25"/> </bean> <bean id="myBeanPostProcessor" class="com.lyc.cn.v2.day01.lifecycle.LifeCycleBeanPostProcessor"/>
- 测试
@Test public void test13() { // 生命周期测试 ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("v2/day01.xml"); LifeCycleBean myLifeCycleBean = applicationContext.getBean("myLifeCycleBean", LifeCycleBean.class); System.out.println("08-->bean可以被使用了, beanInfo: " + myLifeCycleBean.toString()); ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext) applicationContext).destroy(); }
- 结果
========测试方法开始======= 01-->BeanNameAware接口被调用了, 获取到的beanName:myLifeCycleBean 02-->BeanFactoryAware接口被调用了 03-->ApplicationContextAware接口被调用了 04-->调用postProcessBeforeInitialization方法, 获取到的beanName: myLifeCycleBean 05-->InitializingBean接口被调用了 06-->myInit方法被调用了 07-->调用postProcessAfterInitialization, 获取到的beanName: myLifeCycleBean 08-->bean可以被使用了, beanInfo: MyLifeCycleBean{name='李四', age=30} 09-->DisposableBean接口被调用了 10-->自定义destroy-method方法被调动了 ========测试方法结束=======