Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（五）kubelet、kube-proxy、Calico、CoreDNS-阿里云开发者社区

1. 工作节点（worker node）部署

1.1 docker安装及配置

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

yum -y install docker-ce

systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://8i185852.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

必须配置native.cgroupdriver，不配置这个步骤会导致kubelet启动失败

systemctl restart docker

1.2 部署kubelet

在k8s-master1（同时作为控制平面和数据平面）上操作

1.2.1 创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(awk -F "," '{print $1}' /etc/kubernetes/token.csv)
#192.168.10.100 VIP(虚拟IP)
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

#创建集群角色绑定
kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=kubelet-bootstrap
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl describe clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous
kubectl describe clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap

1.2.2 创建kubelet配置文件

[root@k8s-master1 k8s-work]# cat > kubelet.json << "EOF"
{
  "kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
  "apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "authentication": {
    "x509": {
      "clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
    },
    "webhook": {
      "enabled": true,
      "cacheTTL": "2m0s"
    },
    "anonymous": {
      "enabled": false
    }
  },
  "authorization": {
    "mode": "Webhook",
    "webhook": {
      "cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
      "cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
    }
  },
  "address": "192.168.10.103", #当前主机地址
  "port": 10250,
  "readOnlyPort": 10255,
  "cgroupDriver": "systemd",                    
  "hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
  "serializeImagePulls": false,
  "clusterDomain": "cluster.local.",
  "clusterDNS": ["10.96.0.2"]
}
EOF

1.2.3 创建kubelet配置文件

cat > kubelet.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \
  --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
  --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json \
  --network-plugin=cni \
  --rotate-certificates \
  --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

1.2.4 同步文件到集群节点

cp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kubelet.json /etc/kubernetes/
cp kubelet.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

for i in  k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-worker1;do scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.json $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done
for i in  k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-worker1;do scp ca.pem $i:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/;done
for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-worker1;do scp kubelet.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done

说明：
kubelet.json中address需要修改为当前主机IP地址。
vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json

1.2.5 创建目录及启动服务

在所有worker节点执行

mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet
mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet
systemctl status kubelet

# kubectl get nodes
NAME          STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master1   NotReady   <none>   12s   v1.21.10
k8s-master2   NotReady   <none>   19s   v1.21.10
k8s-master3   NotReady   <none>   19s   v1.21.10
k8s-worker1   NotReady   <none>   18s   v1.21.10

NotReady是因为网络还没有启动

# kubectl get csr
NAME        AGE     SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
csr-b949p   7m55s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
csr-c9hs4   3m34s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
csr-r8vhp   5m50s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
csr-zb4sr   3m40s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued

说明：
确认kubelet服务启动成功后，接着到master上Approve一下bootstrap请求。

1.3 部署kube-proxy

1.3.1 创建kube-proxy证书请求文件

[root@k8s-master1 k8s-work]# cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << "EOF"
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

1.3.2 生成证书

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

# ls kube-proxy*
kube-proxy.csr  kube-proxy-csr.json  kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem

1.3.3 创建kubeconfig文件

#设置管理集群
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
#设置证书
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
#设置上下文
kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kube-proxy --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
#使用上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

1.3.4 创建服务配置文件

cat > kube-proxy.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 192.168.10.103 #本机地址
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/103 #pod网络，不用改
healthzBindAddress: 192.168.10.103:10256 #本机地址
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 192.168.10.103:10249 #本机地址
mode: "ipvs" #ipvs比iptables更适用于大型集群
EOF

1.3.5 创建服务启动管理文件

cat >  kube-proxy.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

1.3.6 同步文件到集群工作节点主机

cp kube-proxy*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-proxy.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-worker1;do scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done
for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-worker1;do scp  kube-proxy.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done

说明：
修改kube-proxy.yaml中IP地址为当前主机IP.
vim /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml

1.3.7 服务启动

#创建WorkingDirectory
mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy

2. 网络组件部署 Calico

2.1 下载

wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.19/manifests/calico.yaml

2.2 修改文件

vim calico.yaml 
#修改如下两行，取消注释
3683             - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
3684               value: "10.244.0.0/16"  #pod网络

2.3 应用文件

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

2.4 验证应用结果

[root@k8s-master1 k8s-work]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-7cc8dd57d9-dcwjv   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          94s
calico-node-2pmqz                          0/1     Init:0/3            0          94s
calico-node-9ms2r                          0/1     Init:0/3            0          94s
calico-node-tj5rt                          0/1     Init:0/3            0          94s
calico-node-wnjcv                          0/1     PodInitializing     0          94s
[root@k8s-master1 k8s-work]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME                                       READY   STATUS                  RESTARTS   AGE     IP               NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
calico-kube-controllers-7cc8dd57d9-dcwjv   0/1     ContainerCreating       0          2m29s   <none>           k8s-master2   <none>           <none>
calico-node-2pmqz                          0/1     Init:0/3                0          2m29s   192.168.10.103   k8s-master1   <none>           <none>
calico-node-9ms2r                          0/1     Init:ImagePullBackOff   0          2m29s   192.168.10.105   k8s-master3   <none>           <none>
calico-node-tj5rt                          0/1     Init:0/3                0          2m29s   192.168.10.106   k8s-worker1   <none>           <none>
calico-node-wnjcv                          0/1     PodInitializing         0          2m29s   192.168.10.104   k8s-master2   <none>           <none>
[root@k8s-master1 k8s-work]#

长时间STATUS没有发生变化，可以通过以下命令查看详细信息

kubectl describe pod calico-node-gndtg -n kube-system

如果有pod一直处于Init:ImagePullBackOff，等待很长时间还是没有Runing 可以尝试下载镜像包通过ftp上传到服务器上。

https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases?page=3找到需要的版本下载，上传images目录下对应的镜像到服务器

docker load -i calico-pod2daemon-flexvol.tar
docker load -i calico-kube-controllers.tar 
docker load -i calico-cni.tar 
docker load -i calico-node.tar
docker images

我这里有四台工作节点，其中一台执行命令后正常下载运行Runing，另外三台等了很久一直处于pull状态，最后采用了以上方法解决，总结下来还是网络问题。

如果一直处于Pending，检查一下看看node是否被打污点了

kubectl describe node k8s-master2 |grep Taint
#删除污点
kubectl taint nodes k8s-master2 key:NoSchedule-

污点值有三个，如下：

NoSchedule：一定不被调度

PreferNoSchedule：尽量不被调度【也有被调度的几率】

NoExecute：不会调度，并且还会驱逐Node已有Pod

最后终于Ready

# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-7cc8dd57d9-pd44j   1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-system   calico-node-bpqfr                          1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-system   calico-node-f8c6t                          1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-system   calico-node-gndtg                          1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-system   calico-node-pptqm                          1/1     Running   0          70m

# kubectl get nodes
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master1   Ready    <none>   5h    v1.21.10
k8s-master2   Ready    <none>   5h    v1.21.10
k8s-master3   Ready    <none>   5h    v1.21.10
k8s-worker1   Ready    <none>   5h    v1.21.10

3. 部署CoreDNS

用于实现k8s内服务间名称解析，例如k8s之间部署了两个服务想通过名称进行访问，或者是k8s集群内的服务想访问互联网中的一些服务。

在k8s-master1上/data/k8s-work/下执行：

cat >  coredns.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
rules:
  - apiGroups:
    - ""
    resources:
    - endpoints
    - services
    - pods
    - namespaces
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
  - apiGroups:
    - discovery.k8s.io
    resources:
    - endpointslices
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health {
          lameduck 5s
        }
        ready
        kubernetes cluster.local  in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
          fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        forward . /etc/resolv.conf {
          max_concurrent 1000
        }
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. Default is 1.
  # 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      affinity:
         podAntiAffinity:
           preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
           - weight: 100
             podAffinityTerm:
               labelSelector:
                 matchExpressions:
                   - key: k8s-app
                     operator: In
                     values: ["kube-dns"]
               topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: coredns/coredns:1.8.4
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8181
            scheme: HTTP
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.96.0.2 #需要和上边指定的clusterDNS IP一致
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP
EOF

kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml

# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-7cc8dd57d9-pd44j   1/1     Running   1          24h
kube-system   calico-node-bpqfr                          1/1     Running   1          24h
kube-system   calico-node-f8c6t                          1/1     Running   1          24h
kube-system   calico-node-gndtg                          1/1     Running   2          24h
kube-system   calico-node-pptqm                          1/1     Running   1          24h
kube-system   coredns-675db8b7cc-xlwsp                   1/1     Running   0          3m21s

#kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP               NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
calico-kube-controllers-7cc8dd57d9-pd44j   1/1     Running   1          24h     10.244.224.2     k8s-master2   <none>           <none>
calico-node-bpqfr                          1/1     Running   1          24h     192.168.10.103   k8s-master1   <none>           <none>
calico-node-f8c6t                          1/1     Running   1          24h     192.168.10.104   k8s-master2   <none>           <none>
calico-node-gndtg                          1/1     Running   2          24h     192.168.10.106   k8s-worker1   <none>           <none>
calico-node-pptqm                          1/1     Running   1          24h     192.168.10.105   k8s-master3   <none>           <none>
coredns-675db8b7cc-xlwsp                   1/1     Running   0          3m47s   10.244.159.129   k8s-master1   <none>           <none>

和Calico一样，如果一直处于ImagePullBackOff，查看后是因为拉去镜像的问题，可尝试将镜像本地下载后，上传到服务器load

镜像下载网站，去docker hub搜索要下载的镜像和版本，下载到本地后上传至服务器

docker load -i coredns-coredns-1.8.4-.tar
docker images
#标签不对应的话重新打标签
docker tag 镜像id coredns/coredns:v1.8.4

到这步我还是没有正常启动，提示如下信息

kubectl describe pod coredns-675db8b7cc-q6l95 -n kube-system

尝试删除pod后，重新创建CoreDNS Pod就正常了

# 查看日志
kubectl logs -f coredns-675db8b7cc-q6l95 -n kube-system
# 删除并重新创建CoreDNS Pod
kubectl delete pod coredns-675db8b7cc-q6l95 -n kube-system
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml

4. 部署应用验证

在k8s-master1上创建pod

[root@k8s-master1 k8s-work]# cat >  nginx.yaml  << "EOF"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: nginx-web
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    name: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx:1.19.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service #可以通过不同的方式对k8s集群服务进行访问
metadata:
  name: nginx-service-nodeport
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      nodePort: 30001 #把k8s集群中运行应用的80端口映射到30001端口
      protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    name: nginx
EOF

kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml

# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-web-qzvw4   1/1     Running   0          58s   10.244.194.65   k8s-worker1   <none>           <none>
nginx-web-spw5t   1/1     Running   0          58s   10.244.224.1    k8s-master2   <none>           <none>
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

# kubectl get all
NAME                  READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-web-jnbhx   1/1     Running   1          23h
NAME                              DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicationcontroller/nginx-web   1         1         1       2d
NAME                             TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
service/kubernetes               ClusterIP   10.96.0.1     <none>        443/TCP        3d6h
service/nginx-service-nodeport   NodePort    10.96.72.89   <none>        80:30001/TCP   2d

查看是否有30001端口

ss -anput | grep ":30001"

可以看到每台worker节点都有

访问：http://192.168.10.103:30001，http://192.168.10.104:30001，http://192.168.10.105:30001，http://192.168.10.106:30001

#查看组件状态
kubectl get cs
#查看pod
kubectl get pods

Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（五）kubelet、kube-proxy、Calico、CoreDNS

1. 工作节点（worker node）部署

1.1 docker安装及配置

1.2 部署kubelet

1.2.1 创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

1.2.2 创建kubelet配置文件

1.2.3 创建kubelet配置文件

1.2.4 同步文件到集群节点

1.2.5 创建目录及启动服务

1.3 部署kube-proxy

1.3.1 创建kube-proxy证书请求文件

1.3.2 生成证书

1.3.3 创建kubeconfig文件

1.3.4 创建服务配置文件

1.3.5 创建服务启动管理文件

1.3.6 同步文件到集群工作节点主机

1.3.7 服务启动

2. 网络组件部署 Calico

2.1 下载

2.2 修改文件

2.3 应用文件

2.4 验证应用结果

3. 部署CoreDNS

4. 部署应用验证

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Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（五）kubelet、kube-proxy、Calico、CoreDNS

1. 工作节点（worker node）部署

1.1 docker安装及配置

1.2 部署kubelet

1.2.1 创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

1.2.2 创建kubelet配置文件

1.2.3 创建kubelet配置文件

1.2.4 同步文件到集群节点

1.2.5 创建目录及启动服务

1.3 部署kube-proxy

1.3.1 创建kube-proxy证书请求文件

1.3.2 生成证书

1.3.3 创建kubeconfig文件

1.3.4 创建服务配置文件

1.3.5 创建服务启动管理文件

1.3.6 同步文件到集群工作节点主机

1.3.7 服务启动

2. 网络组件部署 Calico

2.1 下载

2.2 修改文件

2.3 应用文件

2.4 验证应用结果

3. 部署CoreDNS

4. 部署应用验证

热门文章

最新文章

相关课程

相关电子书

相关实验场景

推荐镜像