获取终端输入字符串scanf,gets,fgets
获取终端中输入字符串,我们常用getchar(),scanf(),gets(),和fgets()函数实现,这里简单汇总一下:
scanf() 函数可以获取到终端字符串,但是不能识别到空格字符,遇到空格会终止,空格后面的字符串会在缓冲区中,下次获取时会继续用。
gets()函数以回车字符进行标识,获取用户输入字符串以回车为终止符。
scanf和gets函数都是不安全的,如果目标字符串缓冲区无法存储我们输入的字符串,会导致段错误
fgets()函数限定了获取字符串的长度,如果输入字符串过多,依然可以只获取限定长度的字符串,剩下的字符串还在输入缓冲区中。
测试demo以及输入测试描述:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> //scanf输入遇到空格会当成结束符 //gets是遇到回车结束 fgets其实对gets的一些完善扩展 int main() { //scanf 读取终端内容时 遇到空格会终止 // 终止后剩余的结果其实还在终端缓冲区中,会在后面读取缓冲区继续生效 char data[20]; printf("please test of scanf :\n"); scanf("%s", data); printf("scanf func get data is [%s] \n", data); memset(data, 0, 20); printf("please test of space scanf :\n"); scanf("%s", data); printf("scanf func get data is [%s] \n", data); memset(data, 0, 20); fflush(stdin); //可以刷新缓冲区 一般用在读数据后没读完 //gets可以读取换行前的所有字符,但是gets是不安全的,如无法保证长度越界 printf("please test of gets \n"); gets(data); printf("gets func get data is [%s] \n", data); memset(data, 0, 20); printf("please test of space gets :\n"); gets(data); printf("gets func get data is [%s] \n", data); memset(data, 0, 20); //使用fgets函数 对gets函数的扩展,限定了读取数据的长度 printf("plese test of fgets : \n"); fgets(data, 20, stdin); //字符串地址 字符串长度 读入的文件 printf("fgets func get data is : [%s]", data); memset(data, 0, 20); printf("please test of len out of 20 fgets:\n"); fgets(data, 20, stdin); printf("fgets func get data is : [%s] \n", data); memset(data, 0, 20); fflush(stdin); return 0; } /******************************************** 输出的结果: hlp@ubuntu:~/com_port$ ./in please test of scanf : ==>scanf正常输入 12334 scanf func get data is [12334] ==》打印获取终端的输入 please test of space scanf : ==》scanf输入带空格的字符串 123 1231 scanf func get data is [123] ==》发现只打印了空格前的字符串 please test of gets gets func get data is [ 1231 ] ==》没有经过手动输入, get函数直接获取到终端缓冲区中已经存在的字符串 please test of space gets : ==》get函数测试带空格的字符串 123 123 412 gets func get data is [123 123 412] ==》get函数能打印带空格的字符串,终结符以回车为准 plese test of fgets : ==》测试fget函数获取,在长度内,发现获取到终端内的回车字符 123123 123 1 fgets func get data is : [123123 123 1 ]please test of len out of 20 fgets: ==》如果超过fgets函数参数限制的长度,获取到输入的固定长度字符19个字符 12312 1231231 12312 123123 12312123 fgets func get data is : [12312 1231231 12312] **************************************************/ /******************************************** 可以看出,输入字符串过长,scanf和get函数如果获取长度过多,都会引发段错误 hlp@ubuntu:~/com_port$ ./in please test of scanf : 1 scanf func get data is [1] please test of space scanf : 1 scanf func get data is [1] please test of gets gets func get data is [] please test of space gets : 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 gets func get data is [111111111111111111111111111111111111111111] plese test of fgets : 12 fgets func get data is : [12 ]please test of len out of 20 fgets: 12 fgets func get data is : [12 *** stack smashing detected ***: <unknown> terminated Aborted (core dumped) hlp@ubuntu:~/com_port$ ./in please test of scanf : 111111111111111111111111111111111111111 scanf func get data is [111111111111111111111111111111111111111] please test of space scanf : 11111111111111111111111111111111111 scanf func get data is [11111111111111111111111111111111111] please test of gets gets func get data is [] please test of space gets : 1 gets func get data is [1] plese test of fgets : 1 fgets func get data is : [1 ]please test of len out of 20 fgets: 1 fgets func get data is : [1 *** stack smashing detected ***: <unknown> terminated Aborted (core dumped) **************************************************/ /******************************************** 可以看出,输入字符串过长,如果用fget函数进行获取,会在限制长度内获取,下次继续获取缓冲区中剩余字段 hlp@ubuntu:~/com_port$ ./in please test of scanf : 1 scanf func get data is [1] please test of space scanf : 1 scanf func get data is [1] please test of gets gets func get data is [] please test of space gets : 1 gets func get data is [1] plese test of fgets : 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 fgets func get data is : [1111111111111111111] please test of len out of 20 fgets: fgets func get data is : [1111111111111111111] **************************************************/