前言:
Linux由于自身并不是一个图形化的界面,因此,命令行是它的一个基础交互模式,而我们有的时候需要进度条来让程序运行的更加美观,更加直观,例如,一些比较消耗io的操作,文件拷贝,比如某个文件十几G甚至上百G,需要拷贝到本机的其它分区,那么,一个直观的进度条就十分有用了,可以让我们大致估算出多少时间拷贝完成,从而进行下一步的工作。
那么,本文将以一个10G的文件拷贝为例,输出一个按实际拷贝进度来显示的进度条。
一,
测试文件的准备
time命令统计dd命令的执行时间,可以看到用时1分钟6秒,硬盘速度161M每秒。
我的硬盘速度还算可以的
[root@centos61 ~]# time dd if=/dev/zero of=Demofile bs=100M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 10485760000 bytes (10 GB) copied, 65.3247 s, 161 MB/s real 1m5.869s user 0m0.001s sys 0m13.644s [root@centos61 ~]# ls -alh Demofile -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9.8G May 27 17:41 Demofile
二,
带实际拷贝进度的进度条的shell脚本(本文暂定该脚本名称为copyfile.sh):
#!/bin/bash SOURCE=$1 TARGET=$2 CP=cp $CP "$SOURCE" "$TARGET" & CPID=$! trap "onCtrlC" INT function onCtrlC () { #捕获CTRL+C,当脚本被ctrl+c的形式终止时同时终止程序的后台进程 kill -9 ${isalive} ${CPID} echo echo 'Ctrl+C is captured,拷贝已停止' exit 1 } isalive(){ out=`ps -p $1 2> /dev/null` return $? } while 2>1; do { SSIZE=`/bin/ls -l $SOURCE | gawk "{print \\\$5}"` if [ -f $TARGET ]; then TSIZE=`/bin/ls -l $TARGET | gawk "{print \\\$5}"` else TSIZE="0" fi PERCENT=`echo "scale=2; $TSIZE/$SSIZE*100" | bc -l` RATE=`echo "scale=0; 63*$PERCENT/100" | bc -l` BLUE="\\033[3;44m" NORMAIL="\\033[0;39m" BAR=$BLUE i=0 while [ $i -le 62 ]; do [ $i = $RATE ] && BAR=$BAR"\\033[7;39m" BAR=$BAR" " let i=$i+1 done BAR=$BAR$NORMAIL echo -en "\r$BAR ${PERCENT}%" if ! isalive "$CPID"; then echo -en "\n"; exit; fi sleep 1 } done
脚本运行效果:
[root@centos61 ~]# bash copyfile.sh Demofile Demofile-bak 14.00%^C Ctrl+C is captured,拷贝已停止
此时到百分之14的时候按ctrl+c停止了,我们可以核对一下目标文件是否是源文件的百分之14:
可以计算出1.5除以9.8确实是百分之14
[root@centos61 ~]# ls -alh Demofile* -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9.8G May 27 17:41 Demofile -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.5G May 27 18:25 Demofile-bak
shell脚本完美运行!!!!!!
完整运行:
[root@centos61 ~]# time bash copyfile.sh Demofile Demofile-bak 100.00% real 2m6.804s user 0m1.769s sys 0m22.517s [root@centos61 ~]# ls -al Demofile* -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10485760000 May 27 17:41 Demofile -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10485760000 May 27 18:36 Demofile-bak
三,
脚本说明:
- $1 代表源文件,本例是Demofile,$2 代表目标文件,本例是Demofile-bak
- 实际的拷贝命令是在后台运行,因为前台需要显示的是进度条,因此是$CP "$SOURCE" "$TARGET" &
trap "onCtrlC" INT
function onCtrlC () {
#捕获CTRL+C,当脚本被ctrl+c的形式终止时同时终止程序的后台进程
kill -9 ${isalive} ${CPID}
echo
echo 'Ctrl+C is captured,拷贝已停止'
exit 1
}
这一块是抓取中断信号,如果不想拷贝了的情况下,ctrl+c停止脚本,这样会使得脚本退出更为优雅。
isalive(){
out=`ps -p $1 2> /dev/null`
return $?
}
这一块是监听拷贝程序的 pid,当返回值为1的时候,表示拷贝完成,程序停止退出。
一个循环的debug如下:
++ ps -p 35785 + out=' PID TTY TIME CMD 35785 pts/1 00:00:15 cp' + return 0 + sleep 1 ++ /bin/ls -l Demofile ++ gawk '{print $5}' + SSIZE=10485760000 + '[' -f Demofile-bak ']' ++ /bin/ls -l Demofile-bak ++ gawk '{print $5}' + TSIZE=10337685504 ++ echo 'scale=2; 10337685504/10485760000*100' ++ bc -l + PERCENT=98.00 ++ echo 'scale=0; 63*98.00/100' ++ bc -l + RATE=61 + BLUE='\033[3;44m' + NORMAIL='\033[0;39m' + BAR='\033[3;44m' + i=0 + '[' 0 -le 62 ']' + '[' 0 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=0+1 + '[' 1 -le 62 ']' + '[' 1 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=1+1 + '[' 2 -le 62 ']' + '[' 2 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=2+1 + '[' 3 -le 62 ']' + '[' 3 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=3+1 + '[' 4 -le 62 ']' + '[' 4 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=4+1 + '[' 5 -le 62 ']' + '[' 5 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=5+1 + '[' 6 -le 62 ']' + '[' 6 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=6+1 + '[' 7 -le 62 ']' + '[' 7 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=7+1 + '[' 8 -le 62 ']' + '[' 8 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=8+1 + '[' 9 -le 62 ']' + '[' 9 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=9+1 + '[' 10 -le 62 ']' + '[' 10 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=10+1 + '[' 11 -le 62 ']' + '[' 11 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=11+1 + '[' 12 -le 62 ']' + '[' 12 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=12+1 + '[' 13 -le 62 ']' + '[' 13 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=13+1 + '[' 14 -le 62 ']' + '[' 14 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=14+1 + '[' 15 -le 62 ']' + '[' 15 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=15+1 + '[' 16 -le 62 ']' + '[' 16 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=16+1 + '[' 17 -le 62 ']' + '[' 17 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=17+1 + '[' 18 -le 62 ']' + '[' 18 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=18+1 + '[' 19 -le 62 ']' + '[' 19 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=19+1 + '[' 20 -le 62 ']' + '[' 20 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=20+1 + '[' 21 -le 62 ']' + '[' 21 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=21+1 + '[' 22 -le 62 ']' + '[' 22 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=22+1 + '[' 23 -le 62 ']' + '[' 23 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=23+1 + '[' 24 -le 62 ']' + '[' 24 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=24+1 + '[' 25 -le 62 ']' + '[' 25 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=25+1 + '[' 26 -le 62 ']' + '[' 26 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=26+1 + '[' 27 -le 62 ']' + '[' 27 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=27+1 + '[' 28 -le 62 ']' + '[' 28 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=28+1 + '[' 29 -le 62 ']' + '[' 29 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=29+1 + '[' 30 -le 62 ']' + '[' 30 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=30+1 + '[' 31 -le 62 ']' + '[' 31 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=31+1 + '[' 32 -le 62 ']' + '[' 32 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=32+1 + '[' 33 -le 62 ']' + '[' 33 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=33+1 + '[' 34 -le 62 ']' + '[' 34 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=34+1 + '[' 35 -le 62 ']' + '[' 35 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=35+1 + '[' 36 -le 62 ']' + '[' 36 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=36+1 + '[' 37 -le 62 ']' + '[' 37 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=37+1 + '[' 38 -le 62 ']' + '[' 38 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=38+1 + '[' 39 -le 62 ']' + '[' 39 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=39+1 + '[' 40 -le 62 ']' + '[' 40 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=40+1 + '[' 41 -le 62 ']' + '[' 41 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=41+1 + '[' 42 -le 62 ']' + '[' 42 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=42+1 + '[' 43 -le 62 ']' + '[' 43 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=43+1 + '[' 44 -le 62 ']' + '[' 44 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=44+1 + '[' 45 -le 62 ']' + '[' 45 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=45+1 + '[' 46 -le 62 ']' + '[' 46 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=46+1 + '[' 47 -le 62 ']' + '[' 47 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=47+1 + '[' 48 -le 62 ']' + '[' 48 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=48+1 + '[' 49 -le 62 ']' + '[' 49 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=49+1 + '[' 50 -le 62 ']' + '[' 50 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=50+1 + '[' 51 -le 62 ']' + '[' 51 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=51+1 + '[' 52 -le 62 ']' + '[' 52 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=52+1 + '[' 53 -le 62 ']' + '[' 53 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=53+1 + '[' 54 -le 62 ']' + '[' 54 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=54+1 + '[' 55 -le 62 ']' + '[' 55 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=55+1 + '[' 56 -le 62 ']' + '[' 56 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=56+1 + '[' 57 -le 62 ']' + '[' 57 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=57+1 + '[' 58 -le 62 ']' + '[' 58 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=58+1 + '[' 59 -le 62 ']' + '[' 59 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=59+1 + '[' 60 -le 62 ']' + '[' 60 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m ' + let i=60+1 + '[' 61 -le 62 ']' + '[' 61 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m \033[7;39m' + BAR='\033[3;44m \033[7;39m ' + let i=61+1 + '[' 62 -le 62 ']' + '[' 62 = 61 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m \033[7;39m ' + let i=62+1 + '[' 63 -le 62 ']' + BAR='\033[3;44m \033[7;39m \033[0;39m' + echo -en '\r\033[3;44m \033[7;39m \033[0;39m 98.00%' 98.00%+ isalive 35785