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一、系统自带的语音引擎
语音播报的本质是将书面文字转换成自然语言的音频流，这个转换操作被称作语音合成，又称TTS（从文本到语音）在转换过程中，为了避免机械合成的呆板和停顿感，语音合成技术还得对语音流进行平滑处理，以确保输出得语音音律流畅自然。
不管是Android原生的西文引擎还是手机厂商集成的中文引擎，都支持通过系统提供的API处理语音，其中的语音合成工具是TextToSpeech 常用方法如下
构造方法：第二个输入参数为语音监听器
setLanguage：设置引擎语言
setSpeechRate 设置语速
setPitch 设置音调
synthesizeToFile 把指定文本的朗读语言输出到文件
实战效果如下
代码如下
Java类
package com.example.voice; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.speech.tts.TextToSpeech; import android.view.View; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.Spinner; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import com.example.voice.adapter.LanguageListAdapter; import com.example.voice.bean.Language; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Locale; public class SpeechEngineActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private final static String TAG = "SpeechEngineActivity"; private TextToSpeech mSpeech; // 声明一个文字转语音对象 @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_speech_engine); findViewById(R.id.btn_jump_setting).setOnClickListener(v -> { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction("com.android.settings.TTS_SETTINGS"); startActivity(intent); }); // 创建一个文字转语音对象，初始化结果在监听器TTSListener中返回 mSpeech = new TextToSpeech(this, new TTSListener()); } private List<TextToSpeech.EngineInfo> mEngineList; // 语音引擎列表 // 定义一个文字转语音的初始化监听器 private class TTSListener implements TextToSpeech.OnInitListener { // 在初始化完成时触发 @Override public void onInit(int status) { if (status == TextToSpeech.SUCCESS) { // 初始化成功 if (mEngineList == null) { // 首次初始化 // 获取系统支持的所有语音引擎 mEngineList = mSpeech.getEngines(); initEngineSpinner(); // 初始化语音引擎下拉框 } initLanguageList(); // 初始化语言列表 } } } // 初始化语音引擎下拉框 private void initEngineSpinner() { String[] engineArray = new String[mEngineList.size()]; for(int i=0; i<mEngineList.size(); i++) { engineArray[i] = mEngineList.get(i).label; } ArrayAdapter<String> engineAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(this, R.layout.item_select, engineArray); Spinner sp_engine = findViewById(R.id.sp_engine); sp_engine.setPrompt("请选择语音引擎"); sp_engine.setAdapter(engineAdapter); sp_engine.setOnItemSelectedListener(new EngineSelectedListener()); sp_engine.setSelection(0); } private class EngineSelectedListener implements AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener { public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2, long arg3) { //recycleSpeech(); // 回收文字转语音对象 // 创建指定语音引擎的文字转语音对象 mSpeech = new TextToSpeech(SpeechEngineActivity.this, new TTSListener(), mEngineList.get(arg2).name); } public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0) {} } private String[] mLanguageArray = {"中文普通话", "英语", "法语", "德语", "意大利语", }; private Locale[] mLocaleArray = { Locale.CHINA, Locale.ENGLISH, Locale.FRENCH, Locale.GERMAN, Locale.ITALIAN }; // 初始化语言列表 private void initLanguageList() { List<Language> languageList = new ArrayList<>(); // 下面遍历语言数组，从中挑选出当前引擎所支持的语言列表 for (int i=0; i<mLanguageArray.length; i++) { String desc = "正常使用"; // 设置朗读语言 int result = mSpeech.setLanguage(mLocaleArray[i]); if (result == TextToSpeech.LANG_MISSING_DATA) { desc = "缺少数据"; } else if (result == TextToSpeech.LANG_NOT_SUPPORTED) { desc = "暂不支持"; } languageList.add(new Language(mLanguageArray[i], desc)); } // 下面把该引擎对各语言的支持情况展示到列表视图上 ListView lv_language = findViewById(R.id.lv_language); LanguageListAdapter adapter = new LanguageListAdapter(this, languageList); lv_language.setAdapter(adapter); } }
二、文字转语音
既然明确了一个引擎能够支持哪些语言，接下来就可以大胆设置朗读的语言了，并且设置好语言后，还得提供对应的文字才可以，下面是一个语音播报页面的实例
中文普通话播报
英文版播报
可以在下拉框中选择自己想要朗读的语言
代码如下
Java类
package com.example.voice; import android.os.Bundle; import android.speech.tts.TextToSpeech; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.Spinner; import android.widget.Toast; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import com.example.voice.bean.Language; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Locale; public class SpeechComposeActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private final static String TAG = "SpeechComposeActivity"; private TextToSpeech mSpeech; // 声明一个文字转语音对象 private EditText et_tts; // 声明一个编辑框对象 private List<TextToSpeech.EngineInfo> mEngineList; // 语音引擎列表 @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_speech_compose); et_tts = findViewById(R.id.et_tts); findViewById(R.id.btn_read).setOnClickListener(v -> { String content = et_tts.getText().toString(); // 开始朗读指定文本 int result = mSpeech.speak(content, TextToSpeech.QUEUE_FLUSH, null, null); String desc = String.format("朗读%s", result==TextToSpeech.SUCCESS?"成功":"失败"); Toast.makeText(this, desc, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }); // 创建一个文字转语音对象，初始化结果在监听器的onInit方法中返回 mSpeech = new TextToSpeech(this, mListener); } // 创建一个文字转语音的初始化监听器实例 private TextToSpeech.OnInitListener mListener = status -> { if (status == TextToSpeech.SUCCESS) { // 初始化成功 if (mEngineList == null) { // 首次初始化 mEngineList = mSpeech.getEngines(); // 获取系统支持的所有语音引擎 initEngineSpinner(); // 初始化语音引擎下拉框 } initLanguageSpinner(); // 初始化语言下拉框 } }; // 初始化语音引擎下拉框 private void initEngineSpinner() { String[] engineArray = new String[mEngineList.size()]; for(int i=0; i<mEngineList.size(); i++) { engineArray[i] = mEngineList.get(i).label; } ArrayAdapter<String> engineAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(this, R.layout.item_select, engineArray); Spinner sp_engine = findViewById(R.id.sp_engine); sp_engine.setPrompt("请选择语音引擎"); sp_engine.setAdapter(engineAdapter); sp_engine.setOnItemSelectedListener(new EngineSelectedListener()); sp_engine.setSelection(0); } private class EngineSelectedListener implements AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener { public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2, long arg3) { recycleSpeech(); // 回收文字转语音对象 // 创建指定语音引擎的文字转语音对象 mSpeech = new TextToSpeech(SpeechComposeActivity.this, mListener, mEngineList.get(arg2).name); } public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0) {} } // 回收文字转语音对象 private void recycleSpeech() { if (mSpeech != null) { mSpeech.stop(); // 停止文字转语音 mSpeech.shutdown(); // 关闭文字转语音 mSpeech = null; } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); recycleSpeech(); // 回收文字转语音对象 } private String[] mLanguageArray = {"中文普通话", "英语", "法语", "德语", "意大利语"}; private Locale[] mLocaleArray = { Locale.CHINA, Locale.ENGLISH, Locale.FRENCH, Locale.GERMAN, Locale.ITALIAN }; private String[] mValidLanguageArray; // 当前引擎支持的语言名称数组 private Locale[] mValidLocaleArray; // 当前引擎支持的语言类型数组 private String mTextCN = "离离原上草，一岁一枯荣。野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。"; private String mTextEN = "Hello World. Nice to meet you. This is a TTS demo."; // 初始化语言下拉框 private void initLanguageSpinner() { List<Language> languageList = new ArrayList<>(); // 下面遍历语言数组，从中挑选出当前引擎所支持的语言列表 for (int i=0; i<mLanguageArray.length; i++) { // 设置朗读语言。通过检查方法的返回值，判断引擎是否支持该语言 int result = mSpeech.setLanguage(mLocaleArray[i]); Log.d(TAG, "language="+mLanguageArray[i]+",result="+result); if (result != TextToSpeech.LANG_MISSING_DATA && result != TextToSpeech.LANG_NOT_SUPPORTED) { // 语言可用 languageList.add(new Language(mLanguageArray[i], mLocaleArray[i])); } } mValidLanguageArray = new String[languageList.size()]; mValidLocaleArray = new Locale[languageList.size()]; for(int i=0; i<languageList.size(); i++) { mValidLanguageArray[i] = languageList.get(i).name; mValidLocaleArray[i] = languageList.get(i).locale; } // 下面初始化语言下拉框 ArrayAdapter<String> languageAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(this, R.layout.item_select, mValidLanguageArray); Spinner sp_language = findViewById(R.id.sp_language); sp_language.setPrompt("请选择朗读语言"); sp_language.setAdapter(languageAdapter); sp_language.setOnItemSelectedListener(new LanguageSelectedListener()); sp_language.setSelection(0); } private class LanguageSelectedListener implements AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener { public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2, long arg3) { if (mValidLocaleArray[arg2]==Locale.CHINA) { // 汉语 et_tts.setText(mTextCN); } else { // 其他语言 et_tts.setText(mTextEN); } mSpeech.setLanguage(mValidLocaleArray[arg2]); // 设置选中的朗读语言 } public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0) {} } }
三、原生的语音识别
Android提供了语音识别器SpeechRecognizer 该工具常用方法如下
isRecognitionAvailable 检查系统是否支持原生的语音识别
createSpeechRecognizer 创建原生的语音识别器对象
setRecognitionListener 设置语音识别监听器
startListening 开始语音识别
stopListening 停止语音识别
cancel 取消语音识别
destroy 销毁语音识别器
识别结果监听器提供了许多回调方法，其中onResults方法可获得识别后的文本信息，然而每个引擎对文本结果的包装结构不尽相同，比如百度语音返回JSON格式的字符串，而讯飞语音返回字符串列表，为此要分别尝试几种格式的文本识别 效果如下
结果如下 点击开始识别后对着麦克风说话 停止识别后则会自动输出识别内容
此处连接真机测试更佳 模拟机可能没有麦克风~~~
代码如下
java类
package com.example.voice; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.annotation.SuppressLint; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Intent; import android.graphics.Color; import android.os.Bundle; import android.provider.Settings; import android.speech.RecognitionListener; import android.speech.RecognizerIntent; import android.speech.SpeechRecognizer; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; import org.json.JSONArray; import org.json.JSONObject; import java.util.List; import java.util.Locale; @SuppressLint("SetTextI18n") public class SpeechRecognizeActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements RecognitionListener { private final static String TAG = "SpeechRecognizeActivity"; private TextView tv_result; // 声明一个文本视图对象 private Button btn_recognize; // 声明一个按钮对象 private SpeechRecognizer mRecognizer; // 声明一个语音识别对象 private boolean isRecognizing = false; // 是否正在识别 @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_speech_recognize); tv_result = findViewById(R.id.tv_result); btn_recognize = findViewById(R.id.btn_recognize); // 检查系统是否支持原生的语音识别 boolean enable = SpeechRecognizer.isRecognitionAvailable(this); if (enable) { initRecognize(); // 初始化语音识别 } else { tv_result.setText("原生的语音识别服务不可用"); btn_recognize.setEnabled(false); btn_recognize.setTextColor(Color.GRAY); } } // 初始化语音识别 private void initRecognize() { String serviceComponent = Settings.Secure.getString( getContentResolver(), "voice_recognition_service"); // 获得系统内置的语音识别服务 ComponentName component = ComponentName.unflattenFromString(serviceComponent); Log.d(TAG, "getPackageName="+component.getPackageName()+",getClassName="+component.getClassName()); tv_result.setText("原生的语音识别服务采用"+component.getPackageName() +"里的服务"+component.getClassName()); // 创建原生的语音识别器对象 mRecognizer = SpeechRecognizer.createSpeechRecognizer(this); mRecognizer.setRecognitionListener(this); // 设置语音识别监听器 btn_recognize.setOnClickListener(v -> { if (!isRecognizing) { // 未在识别 Intent intent = new Intent(RecognizerIntent.ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH); intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_PARTIAL_RESULTS, true); intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE, Locale.CHINA); intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL, RecognizerIntent.LANGUAGE_MODEL_FREE_FORM); intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_MAX_RESULTS, 5); mRecognizer.startListening(intent); // 开始语音识别 } else { // 正在识别 mRecognizer.stopListening(); // 停止语音识别 //mRecognizer.cancel(); // 取消语音识别 } isRecognizing = !isRecognizing; btn_recognize.setText(isRecognizing?"停止识别":"开始识别"); }); } @Override public void onReadyForSpeech(Bundle params) {} @Override public void onBeginningOfSpeech() {} @Override public void onRmsChanged(float rmsdB) {} @Override public void onBufferReceived(byte[] buffer) {} @Override public void onEndOfSpeech() {} @Override public void onError(int error) { Log.d(TAG, "Recognize error:"+error); } @Override public void onResults(Bundle results) { Log.d(TAG, "onResults Start"); String desc = ""; String key = SpeechRecognizer.RESULTS_RECOGNITION; try { // 百度语音分支 String result = results.getString(key); Log.d(TAG, "result="+result); JSONObject object = new JSONObject(result); String recognizeResult = object.getString("recognizeResult"); JSONArray recognizeArray = new JSONArray(recognizeResult); for (int i=0; i<recognizeArray.length(); i++) { JSONObject item = (JSONObject) recognizeArray.get(i); String se_query = item.getString("se_query"); desc = desc + "\n" + se_query; Log.d(TAG, "desc="+desc); } } catch (Exception e) { // 讯飞语音分支 e.printStackTrace(); List<String> resultList = results.getStringArrayList(key); for (String str : resultList) { desc = desc + "\n" + str; Log.d(TAG, "desc="+desc); } } tv_result.setText("识别到的文字为："+desc); Log.d(TAG, "onResults End"); } @Override public void onPartialResults(Bundle partialResults) { Log.d(TAG, "onPartialResults"); } @Override public void onEvent(int eventType, Bundle params) {} @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); if (mRecognizer != null) { mRecognizer.destroy(); // 销毁语音识别器 } } }
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