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MongoDB是一个基于分布式文件存储的NoSQL数据库，由C++语言编写，旨在为Web应用提供可扩展的高性能数据存储解决方案。
MongoDB是一个介于关系数据库和非关系数据库之间的产品，是非关系数据库中功能最丰富最像关系数据库的，它支持的数据结构非常松散，是类似JSON的BSON格式，因此可以存储比较复杂的数据类型。Mongo最大的特点是它支持的查询语言非常强大，其语法有点类似与 面向对象的查询语言，几乎可以实现类似关系数据库单表查询的绝大部分功能，而且还支持对数据建立索引。
一：安装MongoDB
二：Spring Boot整合MongoDB
Spring对MongoDB的支持主要是通过Spring Data MongoDB实现的，Spring Data MongoDB提供了如下功能
1：对象/文档映射注解
2：MongoTemplate
提供了数据访问的方法
3：Repository
public interface PersonRepository extends MongoRepository<Person,String>{ }
实战进行增删改查
1：创建基于spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb依赖的Spring Boot应用
2：配置application.properties文件
server.servlet.context-path=/ch6_8 #让控制器输出的JSON字符串格式更美观 spring.jackson.serialization.indent-output=true
3：创建领域模型
创建名为com.ch.ch6_8.domain的包 并在该包中创建领域模型Person以及人去过的Loation
Person代码如下
package com.ch.ch6_8.domain; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Field; @Document public class Person { @Id private String pid; private String pname; private Integer page; private String psex; @Field("plocs") private List<Location> locations = new ArrayList<Location>(); public Person() { super(); } public Person(String pname, Integer page, String psex) { super(); this.pname = pname; this.page = page; this.psex = psex; } public String getPid() { return pid; } public void setPid(String pid) { this.pid = pid; } public String getPname() { return pname; } public void setPname(String pname) { this.pname = pname; } public Integer getPage() { return page; } public void setPage(Integer page) { this.page = page; } public String getPsex() { return psex; } public void setPsex(String psex) { this.psex = psex; } public List<Location> getLocations() { return locations; } public void setLocations(List<Location> locations) { this.locations = locations; } }
Location代码如下
package com.ch.ch6_8.domain; public class Location { private String locName; private String year; public Location() { super(); } public Location(String locName, String year) { super(); this.locName = locName; this.year = year; } public String getLocName() { return locName; } public void setLocName(String locName) { this.locName = locName; } public String getYear() { return year; } public void setYear(String year) { this.year = year; } }
4：创建数据访问接口
package com.ch.ch6_8.repository; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.Query; import com.ch.ch6_8.domain.Person; public interface PersonRepository extends MongoRepository<Person, String>{ Person findByPname(String pname);//支持方法名查询，方法名命名规范参照表6.1 @Query("{'psex':?0}")//JSON字符串 List<Person> selectPersonsByPsex(String psex); }
5：创建控制器层
创建控制器类TestMongoDBController
package com.ch.ch6_8.controller; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import com.ch.ch6_8.domain.Location; import com.ch.ch6_8.domain.Person; import com.ch.ch6_8.repository.PersonRepository; @RestController public class TestMongoDBController { @Autowired private PersonRepository personRepository; @RequestMapping("/save") public List<Person> save() { List<Location> locations1 = new ArrayList<Location>(); Location loc1 = new Location("北京","2019"); Location loc2 = new Location("上海","2018"); locations1.add(loc1); locations1.add(loc2); List<Location> locations2 = new ArrayList<Location>(); Location loc3 = new Location("广州","2017"); Location loc4 = new Location("深圳","2016"); locations2.add(loc3); locations2.add(loc4); List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>(); Person p1 = new Person("陈恒1", 88, "男"); p1.setLocations(locations1); Person p2 = new Person("陈恒2", 99, "女"); p2.setLocations(locations2); persons.add(p1); persons.add(p2); return personRepository.saveAll(persons); } @RequestMapping("/findByPname") public Person findByPname(String pname) { return personRepository.findByPname(pname); } @RequestMapping("/selectPersonsByPsex") public List<Person> selectPersonsByPsex(String psex) { return personRepository.selectPersonsByPsex(psex); } @RequestMapping("/updatePerson") public Person updatePerson(String oldPname, String newPname) { Person p1 = personRepository.findByPname(oldPname); if(p1 != null) p1.setPname(newPname); return personRepository.save(p1); } @RequestMapping("/deletePerson") public void updatePerson(String pname) { Person p1 = personRepository.findByPname(pname); personRepository.delete(p1); } }
运行主类后 可以使用MongoDB的图形界面管理工具MongoDB Compass打开查看已保存的数据
