JSON
JSON(
JavaScript
Object Notation,JS对象简谱)是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。它基于ECMAScript
(European Computer Manufacturers Association,欧洲计算机协会制定的js规范)的一个子集,采用完全独立于编程语言的文本格式来存储和表示数据。简洁和清晰的层次结构使得 JSON 成为理想的数据交换语言。 易于人阅读和编写,同时也易于机器解析和生成,并有效地提升网络传输效率特点:
- 对象表示键值对,数据由逗号分隔
- 花括号保存对象{}
- 方括号保存数据[]
语法格式:
{"name":"wei_shuo"} {"age":"3"} {"sex":"男"}
JSON & JavaScript对象相互转换
JavaScript对象 ——> JSON对象
<script type="text/javascript"> //编写一个JavaScript对象 var user = { name: "wei_shuo", age: 18, sex: "男" }; //将JavaScript对象转换为JSON对象 let json = JSON.stringify(user); console.log(json); </script>
JSON对象 ——> JavaScript对象
<script type="text/javascript"> //编写一个JavaScript对象 var user = { name: "wei_shuo", age: 18, sex: "男" }; //将JSON对象对象转换为JavaScript对象 let obj = JSON.parse(json); console.log(obj) </script>
var、let、const | 全局、函数、块级作用域
函数作用域:var
块级作用域:let、const
- 全局作用域:函数之外,使用var进行定义,在全局中都能使用的变量,称为
全局变量
,全局变量对应的作用域就是全局作用域
- 函数作用域:函数之内,使用var进行定义,只能在该函数中使用的变量,称为
函数变量
(局部变量),局部变量对应的作用域就是函数作用域
(局部作用域)- 块级作用域:ES6中,可以通过关键词let来定义变量,通过let定义的变量,只能在当前代码块(以 { } 为界限)中使用,对应的作用域为
块级作用域
Jackson
Jackson 是用来解析 JSON 的框架是一种数据格式,用来在客户端和服务器之间,或系统组件之间交换数据
环境搭建
- pom.xml中导包:导入Jackson和lambok的jar包
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.14.0-rc3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.24</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
- 配置核心配置文件:web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--注册servlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置,进行关联--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!--启动顺序,数字越小,启动越早--> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!--配置过滤器--> <filter> <filter-name>encoding</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encoding</filter-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
- 映射文件配置:springmvc-servlet.xml映射文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!--自动扫描指定的包,下面所有的注解交给IOC容器管理--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.wei.controller"/> <!--配置annotation-driven使:处理器映射器 和 处理器适配器 自动完成实例的注入--> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!--视图解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!--前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!--后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> </beans>
- User类
@Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class User { private String name; private int age; private String sex; }
- UserController类
@Controller public class UserController { //produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8" : 解决JSON对象乱码问题 @RequestMapping(value = "/j1",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8") @ResponseBody //@ResponseBody不会通过视图解析器,会直接返回一个字符串 public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException { //使用jackson包,创建ObjectMapper对象 ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); //创建对象 User user = new User("wei_shuo",18,"男"); String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(user); return str; } }
JSON乱码解决
注解方式
//produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8" : 解决JSON对象乱码问题 @RequestMapping(value = "/j1",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
Spring配置方式
<!--JSON乱码解决--> <mvc:annotation-driven> <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true"> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter"> <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"> <property name="objectMapper"> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean"> <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/> </bean> </property> </bean> </mvc:message-converters> </mvc:annotation-driven>
返回JSON对象
- @Controller:代码通过视图解析器
- @RequestMapping:处理请求地址映射
- @ResponseBody:@ResponseBody不会通过视图解析器,会直接返回一个字符串,同@Controller注解同时使用
- @RestController:直接返回一个字符串
- JSON返回普通对象
//代码通过视图解析器 @Controller public class UserController { //produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8" : 解决JSON对象乱码问题 @RequestMapping(value = "/j1") @ResponseBody //@ResponseBody不会通过视图解析器,会直接返回一个字符串 public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException { //使用jackson包,创建ObjectMapper对象 ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); //创建对象 User user = new User("wei_shuo",18,"男"); String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(user); return str; } }
- JSON返回集合对象
//直接返回一个字符串 @RestController public class UserController { @RequestMapping("/j2") public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException { //使用jackson包,创建ObjectMapper对象 ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); //创建集合对象 ArrayList<User> userList = new ArrayList<>(); //创建对象 User user1 = new User("wei_shuo",18,"男"); User user2 = new User("tian_tain",19,"男"); User user3 = new User("wu_wu",14,"男"); User user4 = new User("qi_qi",25,"男"); userList.add(user1); userList.add(user2); userList.add(user3); userList.add(user4); String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(userList); return str; } }
- JSON返回时间对象
@RestController public class UserController { @RequestMapping("/j3") public String json3() throws JsonProcessingException { //使用jackson包,创建ObjectMapper对象 ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); //创建时间对象 Date date = new Date(); //自定义日期格式 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); String format = sdf.format(date); String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(format); return str; // "2022-11-19 18:08:43" } }
- 编写utils工具类返回时间对象(JsonUtils类)
package com.wei.utils; import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; public class JsonUtils { public static String getJson(Object object){ return getJson(object,"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); } public static String getJson(Object object,String dateFormat){ //使用jackson包,创建ObjectMapper对象 ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); //不使用时间戳的方式 mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATE_KEYS_AS_TIMESTAMPS,false); //自定义日期的格式 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat); mapper.setDateFormat(sdf); try { return mapper.writeValueAsString(object); } catch (JsonProcessingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } }
- UserController类
//直接返回一个字符串 @RestController public class UserController { @RequestMapping("/j1") public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException { //创建集合对象 ArrayList<User> userList = new ArrayList<>(); //创建对象 User user1 = new User("wei_shuo",18,"男"); User user2 = new User("tian_tain",19,"男"); User user3 = new User("wu_wu",14,"男"); User user4 = new User("qi_qi",25,"男"); userList.add(user1); userList.add(user2); userList.add(user3); userList.add(user4); return JsonUtils.getJson(userList); } @RequestMapping("/j2") public String json3() throws JsonProcessingException { //创建时间对象 Date date = new Date(); return JsonUtils.getJson(date,"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); } }
FastJson
Fastjson是一个Java语言编写的高性能功能完善的JSON库。它采用一种“假定有序快速匹配”的算法,把JSON Parse的性能提升到极致,是目前Java语言中最快的JSON库。Fastjson接口简单易用,已经被广泛使用在缓存序列化、协议交互、Web输出、Android客户端等多种应用场景
环境搭建
- 导入pom.xml依赖
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>2.0.18</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
- 使用FastJson
@RestController public class UserController { @RequestMapping("/j1") public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException { //创建集合对象 ArrayList<User> userList = new ArrayList<>(); //创建对象 User user1 = new User("wei_shuo",18,"男"); User user2 = new User("tian_tain",19,"男"); User user3 = new User("wu_wu",14,"男"); User user4 = new User("qi_qi",25,"男"); userList.add(user1); userList.add(user2); userList.add(user3); userList.add(user4); String s = JSON.toJSONString(userList); return s; } }
Java <——> Json相互转换
Java对象——>Json字符串 | JSON.toJSONString(Object,object); |
Json字符串——>Java对象 | JSON.parseObject(String str, Class objectClass); |
Java对象——>Json对象 | JSON.parseObject(String str, Class objectClass); |
Java对象——>Json对象 | JSON.toJSON(Object javaObject); |
Json对象——>Java对象 | JSON.toJavaObject(JSON json, Class clazz); |
@RestController public class UserController { @RequestMapping("/j1") public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException { //创建集合对象 ArrayList<User> userList = new ArrayList<>(); //创建对象 User user1 = new User("wei_shuo", 18, "男"); User user2 = new User("tian_tain", 19, "男"); User user3 = new User("wu_wu", 14, "男"); User user4 = new User("qi_qi", 25, "男"); userList.add(user1); userList.add(user2); userList.add(user3); userList.add(user4); System.out.println("Java对象——>Json字符串"); String str1 = JSON.toJSONString(userList); System.out.println("JSON字符串:" + str1); System.out.println("================="); String str2 = JSON.toJSONString(user1); System.out.println("JSON字符串:" + str2); System.out.println("================="); System.out.println("Json字符串——>Java对象"); User Json_TO_Java1 = JSON.parseObject(str2, User.class); System.out.println("Java对象:" + Json_TO_Java1); System.out.println("Java对象——>Json对象"); JSONObject jsonObject = (JSONObject) JSON.toJSON(user1); System.out.println("Json对象:" + jsonObject.getString("name")); System.out.println("Json对象——>Java对象"); User Json_TO_Java2 = JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject, User.class); System.out.println("Java对象:" + Json_TO_Java2); return "Hello"; } } /* 输出结果: Java对象——>Json字符串 JSON字符串:[{"age":18,"name":"wei_shuo","sex":"男"},{"age":19,"name":"tian_tain","sex":"男"},{"age":14,"name":"wu_wu","sex":"男"},{"age":25,"name":"qi_qi","sex":"男"}] ================= JSON字符串:{"age":18,"name":"wei_shuo","sex":"男"} ================= Json字符串——>Java对象 Java对象:User(name=wei_shuo, age=18, sex=男) Java对象——>Json对象 Json对象:wei_shuo Json对象——>Java对象 Java对象:User(name=wei_shuo, age=18, sex=男) */
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