一、MVC
MVC(Model View Controller)是一种软件工程中的一种软件架构模式,把软件系统分为三个基本部分:
- 模型(Model)
- 视图(View)
- 控制器(Controller)
详细介绍在这里——>MVC详解
二、MVC的演变
为了更加方便地直观看出MVC的演变,在这里我省略Model层,只写View——JSP和Controller——Servlet
2.1 极易MVC
Controller层——Servlet
这里写4个极易Servlet,crud
package com.xqx.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * Servlet implementation class BookAddServlet */ @WebServlet("/bookAdd.action") public class BookAddServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("add"); } }
package com.xqx.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * Servlet implementation class BookAddServlet */ @WebServlet("/bookDel.action") public class BookDelServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("del"); } }
package com.xqx.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * Servlet implementation class BookAddServlet */ @WebServlet("/bookUpd.action") public class BookUpdServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("upd"); } }
package com.xqx.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * Servlet implementation class BookAddServlet */ @WebServlet("/bookList.action") public class BookListServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("list"); } }
view层——JSP
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h1>极易MVC</h1> <a href="bookAdd.action">新增</a> <a href="bookDel.action">删除</a> <a href="bookUpd.action">修改</a> <a href="bookList.action">查看</a> </body> </html>
运行后的Jsp,点击哪个链接就跳哪个Servlet
,
点击修改和查看后,进入了对应的Servlet,打印结果
缺点:Servlet过多、代码冗余
但是这样我们也能非常直观地看出这么写的缺点,每写一个方法就要写一个Servlet,要是我有100个实体,每个实体都要增删改查的话,那么不是要写400个Servler,这样代码量太大了,并且还有很多重复代码。
2.2 简易MVC
用极易MVC Servlet会过多的话,那我们做个通用Servlet不就行了
Controller层——Servlet
通用的Servlet,判断jsp传来的参数即可回显不同内容
package com.xqx.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * Servlet implementation class BookAddServlet */ @WebServlet("/book.action") public class BookServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // 拿到jsp传来的method String method = request.getParameter("method"); if (method.equals("add")) { add(request,response); } else if (method.equals("del")) { del(request,response); } else if (method.equals("upd")) { upd(request,response); } else if (method.equals("list")) { list(request,response); } } private void list(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("list"); } private void upd(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("upd"); } private void del(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("del"); } private void add(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("add"); }
view层——JSP
在href路径加方法参数即可
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h1>极易MVC</h1> <a href="bookAdd.action">新增</a> <a href="bookDel.action">删除</a> <a href="bookUpd.action">修改</a> <a href="bookList.action">查看</a> <h1>简易MVC</h1> <a href="book.action?method=add">新增</a> <a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a> <a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a> <a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a> </body> </html>
打印结果:
缺点:在Servlet中if语句冗余
虽然只要写一个Servlet了,但是如果有100个需求100个方法呢,难道写100个if语句?代码量不也是很大么,那么怎么解决呢?
2.3普易MVC
在简易MVC中如果方法越多,Servlet中if语句也会越来越多,要是能有一个技术能拿到所有方法就好了,那么你想到这个技术是什么了吗?
没错,就是反射!!!
Controller层——Servlet
package com.xqx.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * Servlet implementation class BookAddServlet */ @WebServlet("/book.action") public class BookServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // 拿到jsp传来的method String method = request.getParameter("method"); try { //拿到HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse类型的方法 Method m = this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(method, HttpServletRequest.class, HttpServletResponse.class); //打开访问权限 m.setAccessible(true); //调用方法 m.invoke(this, request,response); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } private void list(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("list"); } private void upd(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("upd"); } private void del(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("del"); } private void add(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("add"); } }
view层——JSP
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h1>极易MVC</h1> <a href="bookAdd.action">新增</a> <a href="bookDel.action">删除</a> <a href="bookUpd.action">修改</a> <a href="bookList.action">查看</a> <hr> <h1>简易MVC</h1> <a href="book.action?method=add">新增</a> <a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a> <a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a> <a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a> <hr> <h1>普易MVC</h1> <a href="book.action?method=add">新增</a> <a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a> <a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a> <a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a> </body> </html>
打印结果:
缺点:反射代码重复
虽然它能通过反射拿到所有的方法,减少了if语句的冗余,但是我们将视角上升到整个项目,一个项目不可能只有一个实体类吧,那Servlet也不是只有一个,但每个类对应的Servlet拿到所有方法的反射代码是一样的呀,这个代码重复,能否有一个真正意义上面对所有类的通用Servlet呢?
没有咱就写一个嘛,对吧,写一个能处理所有前端发送过来请求的Servlet,其实这个Servlet就是MVC中的中央控制器
,到了这里其实已经有了MVC架构模式的雏形了。
三、MVC架构模式的初实现
3.1 工作流程图
3.2 实现
- 创建一个能处理所有前端发送过来请求的Servle,即中央控制器,拿到所有方法的反射代码就在这里,并根据请求的类型调用相应的业务逻辑(去子控制器)
- 创建一个子控制器,用于处理特定的用户请求或操作,这是真正处理用户请求的Servlet
- 创建一个定义方法的Servlet,继承子控制器,供子控制器调用方法
Controller层——Servlet
中央控制器
package com.xqx.framework; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** 中央控制器 即工作流程图中的ActionServlet * @author W许潜行 * 2023年6月29日 下午8:10:04 */ @WebServlet("*.action") public class DispatherServlet extends HttpServlet { Map<String,Action> mapAction=new HashMap<>(); /** * 初始化方法 */ public void init() throws ServletException { mapAction.put("/book", new BookAction()); super.init(); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //得到传过来的路径名 String uri = request.getRequestURI();// /J2EE_MVC/book.action //得到请求的类 uri = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/"), uri.lastIndexOf("."));// /book //拿到对应的action Action action = mapAction.get(uri); //调用方法 action.execute(request, response); } }
当有请求进入时,我们首先获取请求的URI,并从中获取类似"/book"的路径名。然后,我们使用这个路径名作为键在mapAction中查找对应的Action对象。最后,执行该Action的execute方法来处理请求。
这个DispatcherServlet类的目的是根据传入的请求路径来分发请求给不同的Action类处理,通过这种方式实现请求的路由和控制,实现了基本的MVC模式。
子控制器
package com.xqx.framework; import java.io.IOException; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * 字控制器,真正处理请求的类 * * * @author W许潜行 2023年6月29日 下午8:17:41 */ public class Action { public void execute(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // 拿到jsp传来的method String method = request.getParameter("method"); try { Method m = this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(method, HttpServletRequest.class, HttpServletResponse.class); m.setAccessible(true); m.invoke(this, request, response); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
这个Action类的作用是通过反射机制根据传入的method参数值来调用具体的方法进行请求处理。每个实际的Action类都可以继承这个基类,并重写具体的方法来实现自己的业务逻辑。
具体Action类
package com.xqx.framework; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /**定义crud方法 * @author W许潜行 * 2023年6月29日 下午8:55:46 */ public class BookAction extends Action{ public void list(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("list"); } public void upd(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("upd"); } public void del(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("del"); } public void add(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("add"); } }
view层——JSP
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h1>极易MVC</h1> <a href="bookAdd.action">新增</a> <a href="bookDel.action">删除</a> <a href="bookUpd.action">修改</a> <a href="bookList.action">查看</a> <hr> <h1>简易MVC</h1> <a href="book.action?method=add">新增</a> <a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a> <a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a> <a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a> <hr> <h1>普易MVC</h1> <a href="book.action?method=add">新增</a> <a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a> <a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a> <a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a> </body> <h1>MVC架构初实现</h1> <a href="book.action?method=add">新增</a> <a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a> <a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a> <a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a> </body> </html>
打印结果:
初步实现MVC架构就基本完成了,但还有很多优化之处,等之后博客再进行优化与分享。
好啦,今天的分享就到此为止!希望你看完本篇文章有所收获,祝你变得更强!!!