1 什么是Monkey？

Monkey是一个Android平台自动化测试的一个工具，主要用来测试稳定性的；
Monkey可以模拟用户的一系列操作，比如触摸屏幕、滑动、按键等，对这些操作进行压力测试，检测程序多久会出现异常；
Monkey是Android系统自带的，使用java编写的；
Monkey的存放路径为：

/system/framework/monkey.jar

在这里插入图片描述

2 Monkey的启动

monkey.jar启动使用shell脚本，而shell脚本存放的路径在：

 /system/bin/monkey

在这里插入图片描述

启动有两种方式：

# 方式1(直接在PC上的命令行执行)：
adb shell monkey {
   
   参数}

# 方式2（进入设备执行）：
进入到设备：adb shell 
monkey {
   
   参数}

比如可以查看monkey的参数：

adb shell monkey -help

C:\Users\Administrator>adb shell monkey -help
usage: monkey [-p ALLOWED_PACKAGE [-p ALLOWED_PACKAGE] ...]
              [-c MAIN_CATEGORY [-c MAIN_CATEGORY] ...]
              [--ignore-crashes] [--ignore-timeouts]
              [--ignore-security-exceptions]
              [--monitor-native-crashes] [--ignore-native-crashes]
              [--kill-process-after-error] [--hprof]
              [--pct-touch PERCENT] [--pct-motion PERCENT]
              [--pct-trackball PERCENT] [--pct-syskeys PERCENT]
              [--pct-nav PERCENT] [--pct-majornav PERCENT]
              [--pct-appswitch PERCENT] [--pct-flip PERCENT]
              [--pct-anyevent PERCENT] [--pct-pinchzoom PERCENT]
              [--pct-permission PERCENT]
              [--pkg-blacklist-file PACKAGE_BLACKLIST_FILE]
              [--pkg-whitelist-file PACKAGE_WHITELIST_FILE]
              [--wait-dbg] [--dbg-no-events]
              [--setup scriptfile] [-f scriptfile [-f scriptfile] ...]
              [--port port]
              [-s SEED] [-v [-v] ...]
              [--throttle MILLISEC] [--randomize-throttle]
              [--profile-wait MILLISEC]
              [--device-sleep-time MILLISEC]
              [--randomize-script]
              [--script-log]
              [--bugreport]
              [--periodic-bugreport]
              [--permission-target-system]
              COUNT

3 Monkey的工作原理是什么？

其工作原理是：利用socket通讯的方式来模拟用户操作，比如按键输入、触摸屏输入、手势输入等；
再细化说（来源于网络总结）：

1、runMonkeyCyles()获取事件，一个事件结束之后，通过调用getNextEvent()方法获取下一个事件；
2、从事件队列里面获取事件，需要组建事件队列MonkeyEventQueue，队列由MonkeyEvent构成；
3、MonkeyEvent通过command设计模式将具体的事件（如：MonkeyActivityEvent、MonkeyKeyEvent、MonkeyMotionEvent）通过injectEvent()方法逐一注入到系统。

4 Monkey的使用方法

4.1 测试指定app

4.1.1 参数说明

使用-p参数即可；
该参数主要是让monkey允许系统启动指定的app；
比如指定一个包，我们下载了一个支持安卓6.0的qq，安卓6.0QQ：
4.1.2 错误排查
使用命令安装后，如果提示以下信息：

Failure [INSTALL_FAILED_NO_MATCHING_ABIS]

这是因为该APP和模拟器的CPU架构不一样，我这里修改了下模拟器的CPU架构为ARM的，之前创建的是X86架构的；
换了新的架构后进入了系统，并且重新安装apk：

adb install QQv5.apk /data/local/tmp

F:\monkey_test>adb install ls /data/local/tmp
Performing Push Install
adb.exe: need APK file on command line

F:\monkey_test>adb install QQv5.apk /data/local/tmp
Performing Push Install
QQv5.apk: 1 file pushed, 0 skipped. 11.8 MB/s (22506899 bytes in 1.817s)
        pkg: /data/local/tmp/QQv5.apk
        ver: /data/local/tmp
Success

终于安装成功了，如下：
4.1.3 启动指定apk
使用以下命令查看下安装的路径以及包的名字为com.tencent.mobileqqi：

adb shell ls /data/data

com.android.smoketest
com.android.smoketest.tests
com.android.soundrecorder
com.android.statementservice
com.android.systemui
com.android.vpndialogs
com.android.wallpaper.livepicker
com.android.webview
com.android.widgetpreview
com.example.android.apis
com.example.android.livecubes
com.example.android.softkeyboard
com.svox.pico
com.tencent.mobileqqi
jp.co.omronsoft.openwnn

使用monkey启动com.tencent.mobileqqi并做2个计数：

adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi 2

如果想使用mokey随机启动某个apk并发送N个随机事件，使用：

adb shell monkey -p 包名 N

4.2 显示日志级别

4.2.1 参数说明

使用-v参数，可反馈日志级别；
日志级别有三个：

级别	参数	说明
`Level0`	`-v`	启动、测试完成、最终结果信息
`Level1`	`-v -v`	详细日志，每个`Activity`事件信息
`Level2`	`-v -v -v`	最详细日志

4.2.2 日志显示

Level0日志信息：

F:\monkey_test>adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v 2
:Monkey: seed=1701146443923 count=2
:AllowPackage: com.tencent.mobileqqi
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.MONKEY
// Event percentages:
//   0: 15.0%
//   1: 10.0%
//   2: 2.0%
//   3: 15.0%
//   4: -0.0%
//   5: -0.0%
//   6: 25.0%
//   7: 15.0%
//   8: 2.0%
//   9: 2.0%
//   10: 1.0%
//   11: 13.0%
:Switch: #Intent;action=android.intent.action.MAIN;category=android.intent.category.LAUNCHER;launchFlags=0x10200000;component=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity;end
    // Allowing start of Intent {
   
    act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] cmp=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity } in package com.tencent.mobileqqi
:Sending Touch (ACTION_DOWN): 0:(191.0,846.0)

Level1日志信息：

F:\monkey_test>adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v -v 2
:Monkey: seed=1701146536977 count=2
:AllowPackage: com.tencent.mobileqqi
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.MONKEY
// Selecting main activities from category android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
//   + Using main activity com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity (from package com.tencent.mobileqqi)
// Selecting main activities from category android.intent.category.MONKEY
// Seeded: 1701146536977
// Event percentages:
//   0: 15.0%
//   1: 10.0%
//   2: 2.0%
//   3: 15.0%
//   4: -0.0%
//   5: -0.0%
//   6: 25.0%
//   7: 15.0%
//   8: 2.0%
//   9: 2.0%
//   10: 1.0%
//   11: 13.0%
:Switch: #Intent;action=android.intent.action.MAIN;category=android.intent.category.LAUNCHER;launchFlags=0x10200000;component=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity;end
    // Allowing start of Intent {
   
    act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] cmp=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity } in package com.tencent.mobileqqi
Sleeping for 0 milliseconds
:Sending Key (ACTION_DOWN): 23    // KEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER
    // Allowing start of Intent {
   
    cmp=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.LoginActivity } in package com.tencent.mobileqqi
    // activityResuming(com.tencent.mobileqqi)
Events injected: 2
:Sending rotation degree=0, persist=false
:Dropped: keys=0 pointers=0 trackballs=0 flips=0 rotations=0
## Network stats: elapsed time=1915ms (0ms mobile, 0ms wifi, 1915ms not connected)
// Monkey finished

Level2日志信息：

F:\monkey_test>adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v -v -v 2
:Monkey: seed=1701146594293 count=2
:AllowPackage: com.tencent.mobileqqi
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.MONKEY
// Selecting main activities from category android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.contacts.activities.PeopleActivity (from package com.android.contacts)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.dialer.DialtactsActivity (from package com.android.dialer)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.settings.Settings (from package com.android.settings)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.browser.BrowserActivity (from package com.android.browser)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.calendar.AllInOneActivity (from package com.android.calendar)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.deskclock.DeskClock (from package com.android.deskclock)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.email.activity.Welcome (from package com.android.email)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.camera.GalleryPicker (from package com.android.gallery)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.camera.Camera (from package com.android.camera)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.music.MusicBrowserActivity (from package com.android.music)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.messaging.ui.conversationlist.ConversationListActivity (from package com.android.messaging)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.example.android.apis.ApiDemos (from package com.example.android.apis)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.gesture.builder.GestureBuilderActivity (from package com.android.gesture.builder)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.widgetpreview.WidgetPreviewActivity (from package com.android.widgetpreview)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.backuptester.MainActivity (from package com.android.backuptester)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.calculator2.Calculator (from package com.android.calculator2)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.customlocale2.CustomLocaleActivity (from package com.android.customlocale2)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.development.Development (from package com.android.development)
//   - NOT USING main activity android.app.AliasActivity (from package com.android.development_settings)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.providers.downloads.ui.DownloadList (from package com.android.providers.downloads.ui)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.quicksearchbox.SearchActivity (from package com.android.quicksearchbox)
//   + Using main activity com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity (from package com.tencent.mobileqqi)
// Selecting main activities from category android.intent.category.MONKEY
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.launcher3.Launcher (from package com.android.launcher3)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.settings.Settings$RunningServicesActivity (from package com.android.settings)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.settings.Settings$StorageUseActivity (from package com.android.settings)
// Seeded: 1701146594293
// Event percentages:
//   0: 15.0%
//   1: 10.0%
//   2: 2.0%
//   3: 15.0%
//   4: -0.0%
//   5: -0.0%
//   6: 25.0%
//   7: 15.0%
//   8: 2.0%
//   9: 2.0%
//   10: 1.0%
//   11: 13.0%
:Switch: #Intent;action=android.intent.action.MAIN;category=android.intent.category.LAUNCHER;launchFlags=0x10200000;component=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity;end
    // Allowing start of Intent {
   
    act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] cmp=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity } in package com.tencent.mobileqqi
Sleeping for 0 milliseconds
:Sending Trackball (ACTION_MOVE): 0:(0.0,-1.0)
    // Allowing start of Intent {
   
    cmp=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.LoginActivity } in package com.tencent.mobileqqi
    // activityResuming(com.tencent.mobileqqi)
Events injected: 2
:Sending rotation degree=0, persist=false
:Dropped: keys=0 pointers=0 trackballs=0 flips=0 rotations=0
## Network stats: elapsed time=5630ms (0ms mobile, 0ms wifi, 5630ms not connected)
// Monkey finished

启动后的界面显示：
4.2.3 保存日志
使用重定向的方法可以将日志保存到指定的目录，比如当前目录下：

adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v -v -v 2 > ./monkey_qq.log

在这里插入图片描述

4.2.4 错误排查

关于ANR问题：日志中搜索ANR即可；
关于崩溃问题：日志中搜索Exception；
正常执行：在monkey执行完后，在日志最后显示执行事件的次数和时间，且以monkey finished结束，表示执行完成；
4.3 跳过执行操作

4.3.1 忽略异常崩溃
使用--ignore-crashes参数可以忽略异常崩溃，这样monkey会执行完所有事件；

adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v > --ignore-crashes 2

4.3.2 忽略超时

使用--ignore-timeouts可忽略程序超时，monkey不会因超时而停止运行；

adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v > --ignore-timeouts 2

4.3.3 忽略许可错误

使用--ignore-security-exceptions可忽略许可错误，如证书、网络许可等；

adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v > --ignore-security-exceptions 2

4.4 事件参数

4.4.1 参数说明

以-pct开头控制事件百分比的参数，针对不通的测试类型可以调整百分比；
有关事件参数说明如下（均表示百分比）：

参数	说明
`--pct-touch PERCENT`	单击事件
`--pct-motion PERCENT`	直线滑动事件
`--pct-trackball PERCENT`	曲线滑动事件
`--pct-syskeys PERCENT`	导航栏（`Home`、`Back`等）
`--pct-nav PERCENT`	导航事件（上下左右）
`--pct-majornav PERCENT`	导航事件（返回、确认、菜单）
`--pct-appswitch PERCENT`	`Activity`的启动比率
`--pct-flip PERCENT`	模拟器适用的事件
`--pct-anyevent PERCENT`	不常用事件，比如按键
`--pct-pinchzoom PERCENT`	多点手势缩放
`--pct-permission PERCENT`	权限事件

4.4.2 指定事件百分比

直接在启动事件上加以上的参数即可；
参数后直接加上数值（表示百分数）：

adb shell monkey --pct-motion 40 -p com.tencent.mobileqqi 2

4.5 事件延迟

使用--throttle可表示两个事件之间的延迟，单位ms；

adb shell monkey --throttle 1000 -p com.tencent.mobileqqi 2

4.6 指定随机事件种子值

使用-s参数表示产生随机事件种子值：

test01: adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -s 50 2 
test02: adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -s 50 2

4.7 终止进程

4.7.1 终止错误进程

使用--kill-process-after-error终止执行错误的进程。

4.7.2 监控崩溃事件

使用--monitor-native-crashes监控代码的崩溃事件。

4.7.3 停止monkey

使用--wait-dbg停止执行中的monkey，直到有调试器相连为止。

5 一个实例

5.1 实例需求

启动qq；
实现3个事件操作；
时间间隔2s；
指定2个事件，占比为20%，30%；
忽略异常、崩溃、超时；
保存日志。

5.2 实例实现

参数如下：

adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi --throttle 2000 --pct-touch 20 --pct-motion 30 -v -v -v -s 50 --ignore-crashes --ignore-timeouts --ignore-security-exceptions 3 > ./test.log

:Monkey: seed=50 count=3
:AllowPackage: com.tencent.mobileqqi
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.MONKEY
// Selecting main activities from category android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.contacts.activities.PeopleActivity (from package com.android.contacts)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.dialer.DialtactsActivity (from package com.android.dialer)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.settings.Settings (from package com.android.settings)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.browser.BrowserActivity (from package com.android.browser)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.calendar.AllInOneActivity (from package com.android.calendar)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.deskclock.DeskClock (from package com.android.deskclock)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.email.activity.Welcome (from package com.android.email)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.camera.GalleryPicker (from package com.android.gallery)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.camera.Camera (from package com.android.camera)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.music.MusicBrowserActivity (from package com.android.music)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.messaging.ui.conversationlist.ConversationListActivity (from package com.android.messaging)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.example.android.apis.ApiDemos (from package com.example.android.apis)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.gesture.builder.GestureBuilderActivity (from package com.android.gesture.builder)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.widgetpreview.WidgetPreviewActivity (from package com.android.widgetpreview)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.backuptester.MainActivity (from package com.android.backuptester)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.calculator2.Calculator (from package com.android.calculator2)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.customlocale2.CustomLocaleActivity (from package com.android.customlocale2)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.development.Development (from package com.android.development)
//   - NOT USING main activity android.app.AliasActivity (from package com.android.development_settings)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.providers.downloads.ui.DownloadList (from package com.android.providers.downloads.ui)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.quicksearchbox.SearchActivity (from package com.android.quicksearchbox)
//   + Using main activity com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity (from package com.tencent.mobileqqi)
// Selecting main activities from category android.intent.category.MONKEY
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.launcher3.Launcher (from package com.android.launcher3)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.settings.Settings$RunningServicesActivity (from package com.android.settings)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.settings.Settings$StorageUseActivity (from package com.android.settings)
// Seeded: 50
// Event percentages:
//   0: 20.0%
//   1: 30.0%
//   2: 1.3333334%
//   3: 10.0%
//   4: -0.0%
//   5: -0.0%
//   6: 16.666668%
//   7: 10.0%
//   8: 1.3333334%
//   9: 1.3333334%
//   10: 0.6666667%
//   11: 8.666667%
:Switch: #Intent;action=android.intent.action.MAIN;category=android.intent.category.LAUNCHER;launchFlags=0x10200000;component=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity;end
    // Allowing start of Intent {
   
    act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] cmp=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity } in package com.tencent.mobileqqi
Sleeping for 2000 milliseconds
:Sending Trackball (ACTION_MOVE): 0:(-2.0,-3.0)
:Sending Trackball (ACTION_MOVE): 0:(-4.0,-4.0)
Events injected: 3
:Sending rotation degree=0, persist=false
:Dropped: keys=0 pointers=0 trackballs=0 flips=0 rotations=0
## Network stats: elapsed time=2732ms (0ms mobile, 0ms wifi, 2732ms not connected)
// Monkey finished

『APP稳定性测试干货』| 基于Monkey的移动端/APP稳定性测试过程和方法

1 什么是Monkey？

2 Monkey的启动

3 Monkey的工作原理是什么？

4 Monkey的使用方法

4.1 测试指定app

4.1.1 参数说明

4.1.2 错误排查

4.1.3 启动指定apk

4.2 显示日志级别

4.2.1 参数说明

4.2.2 日志显示

4.2.3 保存日志

4.2.4 错误排查

4.3 跳过执行操作

4.3.1 忽略异常崩溃

4.3.2 忽略超时

4.3.3 忽略许可错误

4.4 事件参数

4.4.1 参数说明

4.4.2 指定事件百分比

4.5 事件延迟

4.6 指定随机事件种子值

4.7 终止进程

4.7.1 终止错误进程

4.7.2 监控崩溃事件

4.7.3 停止monkey

5 一个实例

5.1 实例需求

5.2 实例实现

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