01 引言
We cannot command nature except by obeying her. —— Francis Bacon
自然不可驾驭,除非顺从她。 —— 弗朗西斯·培根
02 词汇目标
- atmosphere | hydrosphere | lithosphere
- oxygen | oxide | carbon dioxide | hydrogen
- core | crust | mantle | longitude | latitude | horizon | altitude
- disaster | mishap | catastrophic | calamity
- endanger | jeopardise | destructive
- EI Nino | greenhouse | phenomenon
- pebble | magnet | ore | mineral
- marble | quartz | grantie
- gust | breeze | monsoon | gale | hurricane | tornado | typhoon
- volcano | erupt | magma | thermodymanic
- smog | fume | mist
- tsunami | drought | flooding | torrent
- earthquake | seismic | avalanche
- terrain | landscape | continent
- cave | cliff | glacier | swamp
- delta | plain | plateau | oasis
- globe | hemisphere | equator
- arctic | Antarctic | pole | polar | axis
- deteriorate | aggravate | degrade | upgrade | erode
- Mediterranean | Atlantic | pacific
- ocean | marine | navigation
- gulf | beach | coast
- shore | tide | current
- brook | stream | source | shallow
- superficial | flat | smooth | rough | sandy | stony
- virtical | steep | parallel | narrow
- Oceania | mainland | peninsula
- climate | weather | meteorology
- mild | heating | moderate | warm
- thermal | tropics | arid
- moist | damp | humid
- snowy | frost | hail | thaw
- chill | freeze | frigid | tremble | shiver
- thunder | lightning | stormy
- downpour | rainfall | sprinkle | rainbow | shower
- Celsius | temperature | forecast
- peak | mount | mountain | range
- ridge | slope | valley | hillside | overlook
- southern | southeast | southwest
- northeast | northwest | eastern | oriental
- inevitable | irreversible | irregularly | inapproprivate | abnormal
- sediment | silt | muddy | clay | dirt
- rural | suburb | outskirts
- remote | desolate | distant | adjacent
- toxic | pollution | pollutant | contaminate
- geology | border | margin | fringe
- plate | debris | crack | gap
- splendid | grand | magnificent
- super | interesting | dramatic
- wilderness | desert | deforest
- barren | fertile | fertilise
- solar | lunar | celendar
- sunrise | sunset | eclipse
- dusk | heaven | paradise
- sunshine | shade | shadow
- vapour | evaporate | circulate | precipitate
- reservoir | waterfall | fountain | spring | dew
- pour | drain | drip | drown
- bellow | puff | gush
- dense | intensity | intensive
- emerge | flash | float
- environment | sourrounding | condition | situation
- nature | natural | artificial | synthetic
- petrol | gas | gasoline | petroleum
03 单词详解
参考：我的公众号《IELTS学习之路（02）-单词（自然地理篇）》
04 应用
Geography (from Greek: γεωγραφία, geographia. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally “earth description”) is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. The first recorded use of the word γεωγραφία was as a title of a book by Greek scholar Eratosthenes (276–194 BC). Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of Earth and its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but also how they have changed and come to be. While geography is specific to Earth, many concepts can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science.One such concept, the first law of geography, proposed by Waldo Tobler, is “everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.” Geography has been called “the world discipline” and “the bridge between the human and the physical sciences.”
有道翻译：
地理学(源自希腊语:γεωγραφ α，geographia。希腊语“Geo”(地球)和“Graphien”(描述)的组合，字面意思是“地球描述”)是一个致力于研究地球的土地、特征、居民和现象的科学领域。第一次使用“γεωγραφ α”这个词是希腊学者埃拉托斯特尼(公元前276-194年)的一本书的标题。地理学是一门包罗万象的学科，它寻求对地球及其人类和自然复杂性的理解——不仅是物体在哪里，而且是它们如何变化和形成的。虽然地理学是地球特有的，但在行星科学领域，许多概念可以更广泛地应用于其他天体。沃尔多·托布勒(Waldo Tobler)提出的地理学第一定律就是这样一个概念:“一切事物都与其他事物相关，但近的事物比远的事物更相关。”地理学被称为“世界学科”和“人文科学与自然科学之间的桥梁”。
