有时需要测试一下某个功能的并发性能，又不要想借助于其他工具，开发一个并发请求就最方便了。
java中模拟并发请求，只要多开几个线程，发起请求就好了。但是，这种请求，一般会存在启动的先后顺序了，算不得真正的同时并发！怎么样才能做到真正的同时并发呢？java中提供了闭锁
CountDownLatch, 刚好就用来做这种事就最合适了。
- 开启n个线程，加一个闭锁，开启所有线程；
- 待所有线程都准备好后，按下开启按钮，就可以真正的发起并发请求了。
package com.test; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class LatchTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Runnable taskTemp = new Runnable() { // 注意，此处是非线程安全的，留坑 private int iCounter; @Override public void run() { for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { // 发起请求 // HttpClientOp.doGet("https://www.baidu.com/"); iCounter++; System.out.println(System.nanoTime() + " [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] iCounter = " + iCounter); try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }; LatchTest latchTest = new LatchTest(); latchTest.startTaskAllInOnce(5, taskTemp); } /** * 模拟并发 */ public long startTaskAllInOnce(int threadNums, final Runnable task) throws InterruptedException { final CountDownLatch startGate = new CountDownLatch(1); final CountDownLatch endGate = new CountDownLatch(threadNums); for(int i = 0; i < threadNums; i++) { Thread t = new Thread() { public void run() { try { // 使线程在此等待，当开始门打开时，一起涌入门中 startGate.await(); try { task.run(); } finally { // 将结束门减1，减到0时，就可以开启结束门了 endGate.countDown(); } } catch (InterruptedException ie) { ie.printStackTrace(); } } }; t.start(); } long startTime = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println(startTime + " [" + Thread.currentThread() + "] All thread is ready, concurrent going..."); // 因开启门只需一个开关，所以立马就开启开始门 startGate.countDown(); // 等等结束门开启 endGate.await(); long endTime = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println(endTime + " [" + Thread.currentThread() + "] All thread is completed."); return endTime - startTime; } }
httpClientOp 工具类
class HttpClientOp { public static String doGet(String httpurl) { HttpURLConnection connection = null; InputStream is = null; BufferedReader br = null; String result = null;// 返回结果字符串 try { // 创建远程url连接对象 URL url = new URL(httpurl); // 通过远程url连接对象打开一个连接，强转成httpURLConnection类 connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 设置连接方式：get connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 设置连接主机服务器的超时时间：15000毫秒 connection.setConnectTimeout(15000); // 设置读取远程返回的数据时间：60000毫秒 connection.setReadTimeout(60000); // 发送请求 connection.connect(); // 通过connection连接，获取输入流 if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) { is = connection.getInputStream(); // 封装输入流is，并指定字符集 br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8")); // 存放数据 StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer(); String temp = null; while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) { sbf.append(temp); sbf.append("\r\n"); } result = sbf.toString(); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 关闭资源 if (null != br) { try { br.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != is) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } connection.disconnect();// 关闭远程连接 } return result; } public static String doPost(String httpUrl, String param) { HttpURLConnection connection = null; InputStream is = null; OutputStream os = null; BufferedReader br = null; String result = null; try { URL url = new URL(httpUrl); // 通过远程url连接对象打开连接 connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 设置连接请求方式 connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 设置连接主机服务器超时时间：15000毫秒 connection.setConnectTimeout(15000); // 设置读取主机服务器返回数据超时时间：60000毫秒 connection.setReadTimeout(60000); // 默认值为：false，当向远程服务器传送数据/写数据时，需要设置为true connection.setDoOutput(true); // 默认值为：true，当前向远程服务读取数据时，设置为true，该参数可有可无 connection.setDoInput(true); // 设置传入参数的格式:请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。 connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // 设置鉴权信息：Authorization: Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0 connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0"); // 通过连接对象获取一个输出流 os = connection.getOutputStream(); // 通过输出流对象将参数写出去/传输出去,它是通过字节数组写出的 os.write(param.getBytes()); // 通过连接对象获取一个输入流，向远程读取 if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) { is = connection.getInputStream(); // 对输入流对象进行包装:charset根据工作项目组的要求来设置 br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8")); StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer(); String temp = null; // 循环遍历一行一行读取数据 while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) { sbf.append(temp); sbf.append("\r\n"); } result = sbf.toString(); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 关闭资源 if (null != br) { try { br.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != os) { try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != is) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 断开与远程地址url的连接 connection.disconnect(); } return result; } }
并发请求操作流程示意图如下
此处设置了一道门，以保证所有线程可以同时生效。但是，此处的同时启动，也只是语言层面的东西，也并非绝对的同时并发。具体的调用还要依赖于CPU个数，线程数及操作系统的线程调度功能等！
与 CountDownLatch 有类似功能的，还有个工具栅栏 CyclicBarrier, 也是提供一个等待所有线程到达某一点后，再一起开始某个动作，效果一致，不过栅栏的目的确实比较纯粹，就是等待所有线程到达，而前面说的闭锁 CountDownLatch 虽然实现的也是所有线程到达后再开始，但是他的触发点其实是 最后那一个开关，所以侧重点是不一样的。
CyclicBarrier(栅栏)实现高并发
public class TestCyclic { @Test public void test01() { int count = 10000;//并发线程数 CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(count); ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(count); int n = 0; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { executorService.execute(new TestCyclic().new Task(cyclicBarrier, n)); n++; } executorService.shutdown(); // 关闭线程池 // 判断是否所有的线程已经运行完 while (!executorService.isTerminated()) { try { // 所有线程池中的线程执行完毕，执行后续操作 // TODO System.out.println("==============is sleep============"); Thread.sleep(10000); System.out.println("==============is wake============"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public class Task implements Runnable { private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier; int n = 0; public Task(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier, int n) { this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier; this.n = n; } @Override public void run() { try { // 等待所有任务准备就绪 System.out.println("赛马" + n + "到达栅栏前"); cyclicBarrier.await(); System.out.println("赛马" + n + "开始跑"); // 测试内容 System.out.println("hello: " + n); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
/ 与 闭锁 结构一致 public class LatchTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Runnable taskTemp = new Runnable() { private int iCounter; @Override public void run() { // 发起请求 // HttpClientOp.doGet("https://www.baidu.com/"); iCounter++; System.out.println(System.nanoTime() + " [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] iCounter = " + iCounter); } }; LatchTest latchTest = new LatchTest(); // latchTest.startTaskAllInOnce(5, taskTemp); latchTest.startNThreadsByBarrier(5, taskTemp); } public void startNThreadsByBarrier(int threadNums, Runnable finishTask) throws InterruptedException { // 设置栅栏解除时的动作，比如初始化某些值 CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(threadNums, finishTask); // 启动 n 个线程，与栅栏阀值一致，即当线程准备数达到要求时，栅栏刚好开启，从而达到统一控制效果 for (int i = 0; i < threadNums; i++) { Thread.sleep(100); new Thread(new CounterTask(barrier)).start(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " out over..."); } } class CounterTask implements Runnable { // 传入栅栏，一般考虑更优雅方式 private CyclicBarrier barrier; public CounterTask(final CyclicBarrier barrier) { this.barrier = barrier; } public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " is ready..."); try { // 设置栅栏，使在此等待，到达位置的线程达到要求即可开启大门 barrier.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " started..."); } }
