greenlet已经实现了协程，但是这个还的人工切换，是不是觉得太麻烦了，不要捉急，python还有一个比greenlet更强大的并且能够自动切换任务的模块gevent
其原理是当一个greenlet遇到IO(指的是input output 输入输出，比如网络、文件操作等)操作时，比如访问网络，就自动切换到其他的greenlet，等到IO操作完成，再在适当的时候切换回来继续执行。
由于IO操作非常耗时，经常使程序处于等待状态，有了gevent为我们自动切换协程，就保证总有greenlet在运行，而不是等待IO
1. gevent的使用
#coding=utf-8 #请使用python 2 来执行此程序 import gevent def f(n): for i in range(n): print gevent.getcurrent(), i g1 = gevent.spawn(f, 5) g2 = gevent.spawn(f, 5) g3 = gevent.spawn(f, 5) g1.join() g2.join() g3.join()
运行结果
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 0 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 1 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 2 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 3 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 4 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 0 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 1 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 2 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 3 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 4 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 0 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 1 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 2 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 3 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 4
可以看到，3个greenlet是依次运行而不是交替运行
2. gevent切换执行
import gevent def f(n): for i in range(n): print gevent.getcurrent(), i #用来模拟一个耗时操作，注意不是time模块中的sleep gevent.sleep(1) g1 = gevent.spawn(f, 5) g2 = gevent.spawn(f, 5) g3 = gevent.spawn(f, 5) g1.join() g2.join() g3.join()
运行结果
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 0 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 0 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 0 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 1 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 1 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 1 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 2 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 2 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 2 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 3 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 3 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 3 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 4 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 4 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 4
3个greenlet交替运行
3. gevent并发下载器
当然，实际代码里，我们不会用gevent.sleep()去切换协程，而是在执行到IO操作时，gevent自动切换，代码如下：
#coding=utf-8 from gevent import monkey; import gevent import urllib2 #有IO才做时需要这一句 monkey.patch_all() def myDownLoad(url): print('GET: %s' % url) resp = urllib2.urlopen(url) data = resp.read() print('%d bytes received from %s.' % (len(data), url)) gevent.joinall([ gevent.spawn(myDownLoad, 'http://www.baidu.com/'), gevent.spawn(myDownLoad, 'http://www.itcast.cn/'), gevent.spawn(myDownLoad, 'http://www.itheima.com/'), ])
运行结果
GET: http://www.baidu.com/ GET: http://www.itcast.cn/ GET: http://www.itheima.com/ 102247 bytes received from http://www.baidu.com/. 166903 bytes received from http://www.itheima.com/. 162294 bytes received from http://www.itcast.cn/.
从上能够看到是先发送的获取baidu的相关信息，然后依次是itcast、itheima，但是收到数据的先后顺序不一定与发送顺序相同，这也就体现出了异步，即不确定什么时候会收到数据，顺序不一定
