一、帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker的基本信息 docker info # 系统信息,镜像和容器的数量 docker 命令 --help # 全部信息
二、镜像命令[增删改查]:
- 查看所有镜像 docker images
- 搜索镜像 docker search 镜像名
- 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
- 删除镜像 docker rmi -f 镜像id
- 删除所有镜像 docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
1、查看所有镜像:docker images
- 查看所有本地主机上的镜像
[root@192 ~]# docker images
# 解释 REPOSITORY # 镜像仓库源 TAG # 镜像的标签 IMAGE ID # 镜像的ID CREATED # 镜像的创建时间 SIZE # 镜像的大小
--all , -a Show all images (default hides intermediate images) # 显示所有 --digests Show digests --filter , -f Filter output based on conditions provided --format Pretty-print images using a Go template --no-trunc Don’t truncate output --quiet , -q Only show numeric IDs # 只显示id
2、搜索镜像:docker search
- 搜索仓库中的镜像,相当于网页搜索
- 推荐到docker hub官网搜索:http://hub.docker.com
docker search mysql
docker search --help
- 设置搜索条件:
# 解释 Options: -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided --format string Pretty-print search using a Go template --limit int Max number of search results (default 25) --no-trunc Don't truncate output
docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索出Stars大于3000的
3、下载镜像:docker pull
- 版本到官网查看,官网:https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql
★ docker的精髓:
分层下载
image的核心,联合文件系统
(1)下载镜像命令:docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
- 不写tag,默认是lasest
- docker的精髓:
分层下载
4、删除镜像:docker rmi
- 删除镜像命令:docker rmi 镜像id/镜像名称
# 删除一个 可以通过名称 也可以指定id -f表示强制 docker rmi -f 9cfcce23593a # 删除多个 用空格分隔id docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id # 删除所有 docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # images -aq就是查所有镜像id,从而递归删除
三、容器命令
- 镜像创建运行一个docker容器实例 docker run [可选参数] image
# 启动并进入容器 docker run -it centos /bin/bash # 等价于:先run启动,然后通过exex /bin/bash 进入容器 docker run -it centos docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
- 查看运行的容器:docker ps [可选参数]
- 退出容器:【停止容器】exit 【非停止容器】ctr+p+q
- 删除容器:docker rm [可选参数] 容器id
# 删除所有容器 -f 强制的 docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器 docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm
- 启动、重启、停止、杀死容器:
- 启动:docker start 容器id
- 重启:docker restart 容器id
- 停止:docker stop 容器id
- 杀死:docker kill 容器id
1、案例:centos容器的测试
(1)下载centos 镜像
docker pull centos
(2)新建容器实例并启动
docker run [可选参数] image # 参数说明 --name="Name" # 容器名字,用于区分容器 -d 后台方式运行 -it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容 -p 指定容器的端口 如-p 8080::8080 -p ip:主机端口:容器端口 -p 主机端口:容器端口(常用) -p 容器端口 -p 随机指定端口
# 测试,启动并进入容器 docker run -it centos /bin/bash # 等价于: docker run -it centos docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash # 查看目录,查看容器内的centos,基本版本,很多命令都是不完善的! ls # 退出,从容器中退回主机 exit
(3)查看运行的容器
# 查看正在运行的容器 docker ps # 查看所有(包括曾经)运行的容器 docker ps -a # 显示最近创建的容器,设置显示个数 docker ps -a - n=? # 只显示容器的编号(容器id) docker ps -aq
[root@192 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@192 ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9939864fa2e6 centos "bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago unruffled_knuth 5f42e9930435 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago lucid_cannon a89ddb393d3d bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago gracious_bhabha [root@192 ~]# docker ps -a -n=2 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9939864fa2e6 centos "bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago unruffled_knuth 5f42e9930435 centos "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago [root@192 ~]# docker ps -aq 9939864fa2e6 5f42e9930435 a89ddb393d3d
(4)退出容器
# 容器停止退出 exit # 容器不停止退出 注意必须在英文输入法下,中文输入法不行 Ctrl + P + Q
[root@192 ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash [root@bfcea13c40cd /]# [root@192 ~]# docker ps ##注意这里会自动给个命令,删掉 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bfcea13c40cd centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute stoic_wilson edbd9366d959 centos "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes affectionate_bartik [root@192 ~]# docker exec -it edbd9366d959 /bin/bash ## 再次进入 [root@edbd9366d959 /]# exit ##停止并推出 exit
(5)删除容器
# 删除指定容器 不能删除正在运行的容器,如果强制删除 rm -f docker rm 容器id # 删除所有容器 docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器 docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm
[root@192 ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bfcea13c40cd centos "/bin/bash" 29 minutes ago Up 29 minutes stoic_wilson edbd9366d959 centos "/bin/bash" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes affectionate_bartik 9939864fa2e6 centos "bin/bash" 48 minutes ago Exited (0) 48 minutes ago unruffled_knuth 5f42e9930435 centos "/bin/bash" 52 minutes ago Exited (0) 49 minutes ago lucid_cannon a89ddb393d3d bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 20 hours ago Exited (0) 20 hours ago gracious_bhabha [root@192 ~]# docker rm 5f42e9930435 5f42e9930435 [root@192 ~]# docker rm edbd9366d959 # 注意正在运行的容器不能删除 Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container edbd9366d9596c744dd449119269b04de2f2a494e7fc471f6396bcefd94c33fe. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@192 ~]# docker ps -aq # 所有容器id bfcea13c40cd edbd9366d959 9939864fa2e6 a89ddb393d3d [root@192 ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 全部删除 bfcea13c40cd edbd9366d959 9939864fa2e6 a89ddb393d3d
(6)启动和停止/杀死容器的操作
docker start docker restart docker stop docker kill
四、常用其他命令
- 后台启动docker命令:参数是 -d
docker run -d 镜像名/镜像id
查看日志[没有报错信息或者报错信息不足以解决问题时,需要查看日志]:
docker logsdocker logs [-f -t --tail n] 容器id
- 查看进程(ps): docker top 容器id
- 查看正在运行的容器信息: docker inspect 容器id
- 进入当前正在运行的容器 docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
- 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上 容器数据拷贝到主机: docker cp 容器id 宿主机的文件目录
- 查看内容占用:docker stats
1、后台启动docker,参数是 -d
docker run -d 镜像名
问题:docker 容器使用后台运行,用docker ps 查看的时候 发现停止了
原因:后台运行,docker发现前台没有,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,会立刻停止
2、查看日志
docker logs docker logs -f -t --tail n 容器id
[root@192 ~]# docker logs --help Usage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER Fetch the logs of a container Options: --details Show extra details provided to logs -f, --follow Follow log output --since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes) --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all") -t, --timestamps Show timestamps # 时间戳 --until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
# 脚本 while true;do echo shenzai;sleep
# 查看日志,由于没有运行脚本,所以啥也没显示 [root@192 ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 c2887d35c71d ^C # ctrl+c退出 # 运行centos里面加个脚本 [root@192 ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo shenzai;sleep 1;done" [root@192 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES cb6d7fbc3f27 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds # 查看日志 发现隔一秒打印一条 [root@192 ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 cb6d7fbc3f27
3、查看运行的容器,查看容器中的进程信息 ps
- top 命令,方便以后杀死进程
- 命令:docker top 容器id
docker top 3cdbca722bab UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME root 24624 24603 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done
4、查看正在运行的容器信息(镜像元数据):inspect
- 命令:docker inspect 容器id
[root@192 ~]# docker inspect cb6d7fbc3f27 [ { # 容器的完整id "Id": "cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388", # 创建时间 "Created": "2020-06-17T12:00:50.706906186Z", # 脚本位置 "Path": "/bin/sh", # 运行的脚本 "Args": [ "-c", "while true;do echo shenzai;sleep 1;done" ], "State": { "Status": "running", # 状态,正在运行 "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 1909, # 父进程id "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2020-06-17T12:00:51.093617477Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, # 来源镜像 "Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388-json.log", "Name": "/dreamy_almeida", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, # 主机配置 "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Capabilities": null, "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, # 其他配置 "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7f79322e0f58d651a84a555dadd83d92537788172525945d3f538dd95dce336c/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], # 挂载 # 基本配置 "Config": { "Hostname": "cb6d7fbc3f27", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], # 基本环境变量,这里没有Java # 基本命令 "Cmd": [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "while true;do echo shenzai;sleep 1;done" ], "Image": "centos", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611", "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2", "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image", "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0", "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS" } }, # 网卡,比如现在用的是桥接的网卡 "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "4d701985d7e77aa153790b697b2f38a61e20555c224b7675e4bf650b82799882", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/4d701985d7e7", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "8a6c71e2bafb19ca7dfd85445ccc4bef6d17467360a243d624089e676a24a018", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "22b0fd2290ccbc4e066a75d3f01bd8bf32ee4352c5bbcfc9f911287219219571", "EndpointID": "8a6c71e2bafb19ca7dfd85445ccc4bef6d17467360a243d624089e676a24a018", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ]
5、进入当前正在运行的容器
- 命令:docker exec -it 容器id bashSHELL
● 区别:是否开启一个新的线程
- docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(
常用
)- docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的 docker exec -it 容器id bashSHELL # 测试 [root@192 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c2887d35c71d centos "/bin/bash" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes [root@192 ~]# docker exec -it c2887d35c71d /bin/bash [root@c2887d35c71d /]# ls bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr [root@c2887d35c71d /]# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 11:57 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 14 0 0 12:32 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 28 14 0 12:32 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef [root@c2887d35c71d /]# c2887d35c71d [root@c2887d35c71d /]# exit exit # 方式二 [root@192 ~]# docker attach c2887d35c71d [root@c2887d35c71d /]#
6、从容器内拷贝文件到主机上 cp
# 运行 [root@192 ~]# docker run -it centos # ctrl P Q 不关闭退出,查看 [root@0569081aa89c /]# [root@192 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0569081aa89c centos "/bin/bash" 19 seconds ago Up 19 seconds hopeful_chebyshev # 查看主机home下无文件 [root@192 ~]# cd /home [root@192 home]# ls # 进入正在运行的容器 [root@192 home]# docker attach 0569081aa89c # 进入容器home目录 [root@0569081aa89c /]# cd /home # 在目录中创建java文件 [root@0569081aa89c home]# touch test.java # 退出并停止容器 [root@0569081aa89c home]# exit exit # 查看现在运行的容器 [root@192 home]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES # 容器虽然被停止,但是数据都会保留 [root@192 home]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0569081aa89c centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 seconds ago hopeful_chebyshev f589e5684a01 centos "/bin/bash" 44 minutes ago Exited (0) 44 minutes ago cranky_easley cb6d7fbc3f27 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 54 minutes ago Exited (137) 42 minutes ago dreamy_almeida c2887d35c71d centos "/bin/bash" 58 minutes ago Exited (127) 16 minutes ago vigorous_kare 8ce188e5fee3 centos "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago tender_dirac 7b1a7dd10ea4 centos "/bin/bash" 9 hours ago Exited (0) 9 hours ago fervent_mirzakhani # 容器数据拷贝到主机 [root@192 home]# docker cp 0569081aa89c:/home/test.java /home [root@192 home]# ls test.java # 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现自动同步 /home /home
7、查看内容占用 stats
docker stats
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