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WPF自定义控件库之Window窗口

2023-10-30 155
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简介： 本文以自定义窗口为例，简述WPF开发中如何通过自定义控件来扩展功能和样式，仅供学习分享使用，如有不足之处，还请指正。

在WPF开发中，默认控件的样式常常无法满足实际的应用需求，我们通常都会采用引入第三方控件库的方式来美化UI，使得应用软件的设计风格更加统一。常用的WPF的UI控件库主要有以下几种，如：Modern UI for WPF，MaterialDesignInXamlToolkit，PanuonUI，Newbeecoder.UI，WPF UI ，AduSkin，Panuon.UI.Silver，HandyControl，MahApps.Metro，Kino.Toolkit.Wpf，Xceed Extended WPF Toolkit™，Kino.Toolkit.Wpf，PP.Wpf，Adonis-ui，CC.WPFTools，CookPopularControl ，PropertyTools，RRQMSkin，Layui-WPF，Arthas-WPFUI，fruit-vent-design，Fluent.Ribbon，DMSkin WPF，EASkins_WPF，Rubyer-WPF，WPFDevelopers.Minimal ，WPFDevelopers，DevExpress WPF UI Library，ReactiveUI，Telerik UI for WPF等等，面对如此之多的WPF 第三方UI控件库，可谓各有特色，不一而同，对于具有选择综合症的开发人员来说，真的很难抉择。在实际工作中，软件经过统一的UI设计以后，和具体的业务紧密相连，往往这些通用的UI框架很难百分之百的契合，这时候，就需要我们自己去实现自定义控件【Custom Control】来解决。本文以自定义窗口为例，简述如何通过自定义控件来扩展功能和样式，仅供学习分享使用，如有不足之处，还请指正。

 

自定义控件

 

自定义控件Custom Control，通过集成现有控件（如：Button , Window等）进行扩展，或者继承Control基类两种方式，和用户控件【User Control不太相同】，具体差异如下所示：

  • 用户控件UserControl
  • 注重复合控件的使用，也就是多个现有控件组成一个可复用的控件组
  • XAML和后台代码组成，绑定紧密
  • 不支持模板重写
  • 继承自UserControl
  • 自定义控件CustomControl
  • 完全自己实现一个控件，如继承现有控件进行功能扩展，并添加新功能
  • 后台代码和Generic.xaml进行组合
  • 在使用时支持模板重写
  • 继承自Control

本文所讲解的侧重点为自定义控件，所以用户控件不再过多阐述。

 

WPF实现自定义控件步骤

 

1. 创建控件库

 

首先在解决方案中，创建一个WPF类库项目【SmallSixUI.Templates】，作为控件库，后续所有自定义控件，都可以在此项目中开发。并创建Controls，Styles，Themes，Utils等文件夹，分别存放控件类，样式，主题，帮助类等内容，作为控件库的基础结构，如下所示：

 

2. 创建自定义控件

 

在Controls目录中，创建自定义窗口AiWindow，继承自Window类，即此类具有窗口的一切功能，并具有扩展出来的自定义功能。在此自定义窗口中，我们可以自定义窗口标题的字体颜色HeaderForeground，背景色HeaderBackground，是否显示标题IsShowHeader，标题高度HeaderHeight，窗口动画类型Type等内容，具体如下所示：

usingSystem;
usingSystem.Collections.Generic;
usingSystem.ComponentModel;
usingSystem.Linq;
usingSystem.Text;
usingSystem.Threading.Tasks;
usingSystem.Windows.Automation.Text;
usingSystem.Windows;
usingSmallSixUI.Templates.Utils;
usingSystem.Windows.Controls;
usingSystem.Windows.Media;
usingSystem.Windows.Shell;
namespaceSmallSixUI.Templates.Controls{
    [TemplatePart(Name="PART_CloseWindowButton", Type=typeof(Button))]
    [TemplatePart(Name="PART_MaxWindowButton", Type=typeof(Button))]
    [TemplatePart(Name="PART_MinWindowButton", Type=typeof(Button))]
publicclassAiWindow : Window    {
/// <summary>/// 关闭窗体/// </summary>privateButtonPART_CloseWindowButton=null;
/// <summary>/// 窗体缩放/// </summary>privateButtonPART_MaxWindowButton=null;
/// <summary>/// 最小化窗体/// </summary>privateButtonPART_MinWindowButton=null;
/// <summary>/// 设置重写默认样式/// </summary>staticAiWindow()
        {
StyleProperty.OverrideMetadata(typeof(AiWindow), newFrameworkPropertyMetadata(AiResourceHelper.GetStyle(nameof(AiWindow) +"Style")));
        }
/// <summary>/// 顶部内容/// </summary>        [Bindable(true)]
publicobjectHeaderContent        {
get { return (object)GetValue(HeaderContentProperty); }
set { SetValue(HeaderContentProperty, value); }
        }
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for HeaderContent.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...publicstaticreadonlyDependencyPropertyHeaderContentProperty=DependencyProperty.Register("HeaderContent", typeof(object), typeof(AiWindow));
/// <summary>/// 头部标题栏文字颜色/// </summary>        [Bindable(true)]
publicBrushHeaderForeground        {
get { return (Brush)GetValue(HeaderForegroundProperty); }
set { SetValue(HeaderForegroundProperty, value); }
        }
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for HeaderForeground.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...publicstaticreadonlyDependencyPropertyHeaderForegroundProperty=DependencyProperty.Register("HeaderForeground", typeof(Brush), typeof(AiWindow), newPropertyMetadata(Brushes.White));
/// <summary>/// 头部标题栏背景色/// </summary>        [Bindable(true)]
publicBrushHeaderBackground        {
get { return (Brush)GetValue(HeaderBackgroundProperty); }
set { SetValue(HeaderBackgroundProperty, value); }
        }
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for MyProperty.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...publicstaticreadonlyDependencyPropertyHeaderBackgroundProperty=DependencyProperty.Register("HeaderBackground", typeof(Brush), typeof(AiWindow));
/// <summary>/// 是否显示头部标题栏/// </summary>        [Bindable(true)]
publicboolIsShowHeader        {
get { return (bool)GetValue(IsShowHeaderProperty); }
set { SetValue(IsShowHeaderProperty, value); }
        }
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for IsShowHeader.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...publicstaticreadonlyDependencyPropertyIsShowHeaderProperty=DependencyProperty.Register("IsShowHeader", typeof(bool), typeof(AiWindow), newPropertyMetadata(false));
/// <summary>/// 动画类型/// </summary>        [Bindable(true)]
publicAnimationTypeType        {
get { return (AnimationType)GetValue(TypeProperty); }
set { SetValue(TypeProperty, value); }
        }
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for Type.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...publicstaticreadonlyDependencyPropertyTypeProperty=DependencyProperty.Register("Type", typeof(AnimationType), typeof(AiWindow), newPropertyMetadata(AnimationType.Default));
/// <summary>/// 头部高度/// </summary>publicintHeaderHeight        {
get { return (int)GetValue(HeaderHeightProperty); }
set { SetValue(HeaderHeightProperty, value); }
        }
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for HeaderHeight.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...publicstaticreadonlyDependencyPropertyHeaderHeightProperty=DependencyProperty.Register("HeaderHeight", typeof(int), typeof(AiWindow), newPropertyMetadata(50));
publicoverridevoidOnApplyTemplate()
        {
base.OnApplyTemplate();
PART_CloseWindowButton=GetTemplateChild("PART_CloseWindowButton") asButton;
PART_MaxWindowButton=GetTemplateChild("PART_MaxWindowButton") asButton;
PART_MinWindowButton=GetTemplateChild("PART_MinWindowButton") asButton;
if (PART_MaxWindowButton!=null&&PART_MinWindowButton!=null&&PART_CloseWindowButton!=null)
            {
PART_MaxWindowButton.Click-=PART_MaxWindowButton_Click;
PART_MinWindowButton.Click-=PART_MinWindowButton_Click;
PART_CloseWindowButton.Click-=PART_CloseWindowButton_Click;
PART_MaxWindowButton.Click+=PART_MaxWindowButton_Click;
PART_MinWindowButton.Click+=PART_MinWindowButton_Click;
PART_CloseWindowButton.Click+=PART_CloseWindowButton_Click;
            }
        }
privatevoidPART_CloseWindowButton_Click(objectsender, RoutedEventArgse)
        {
Close();
        }
privatevoidPART_MinWindowButton_Click(objectsender, RoutedEventArgse)
        {
WindowState=WindowState.Minimized;
        }
privatevoidPART_MaxWindowButton_Click(objectsender, RoutedEventArgse)
        {
if (WindowState==WindowState.Normal)
            {
WindowState=WindowState.Maximized;
            }
else            {
WindowState=WindowState.Normal;
            }
        }
protectedoverridevoidOnSourceInitialized(EventArgse)
        {
base.OnSourceInitialized(e);
if (SizeToContent==SizeToContent.WidthAndHeight&&WindowChrome.GetWindowChrome(this) !=null)
            {
InvalidateMeasure();
            }
        }
    }
}

注意：在自定义控件中，设置窗口标题的属性要在样式中进行绑定，所以需要定义为依赖属性。在此控件中用到的通用的类，则存放在Utils中。

 

3. 创建自定义控件样式

 

在Styles文件夹中，创建样式资源文件【AiWindowStyle.xaml】，并将样式的TargentType指定为Cotrols中创建的自定义类AiWindow。然后修改控件的Template属性，为其定义新的的ControlTemplate，来改变控件的样式。如下所示：

<ResourceDictionaryxmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"xmlns:Ai="clr-namespace:SmallSixUI.Templates.Controls"><WindowChromex:Key="LayWindowChromeStyle"CaptionHeight="56"CornerRadius="0"GlassFrameThickness="1"NonClientFrameEdges="None"ResizeBorderThickness="4"UseAeroCaptionButtons="False"/><Stylex:Key="AiWindowStyle"TargetType="Ai:AiWindow"><SetterProperty="Background"Value="White"/><SetterProperty="HeaderBackground"Value="#23262E"/><SetterProperty="WindowChrome.WindowChrome"><Setter.Value><WindowChromeCaptionHeight="50"CornerRadius="0"GlassFrameThickness="1"NonClientFrameEdges="None"ResizeBorderThickness="4"UseAeroCaptionButtons="False"/></Setter.Value></Setter><SetterProperty="Template"><Setter.Value><ControlTemplateTargetType="Ai:AiWindow"><BorderHeight="{TemplateBinding HeaderHeight}"Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"ClipToBounds="True"><Border.Style><StyleTargetType="Border"><Style.Triggers><DataTriggerBinding="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=Ai:AiWindow}, Path=WindowState}"Value="Maximized"><SetterProperty="Padding"Value="7"/></DataTrigger></Style.Triggers></Style></Border.Style><Ai:AiTransitionStyle="{DynamicResource LayTransitionStyle}"Type="{TemplateBinding Type}"><Grid><Grid.RowDefinitions><RowDefinitionHeight="auto"/><RowDefinition/></Grid.RowDefinitions><Gridx:Name="PART_Header"Background="{TemplateBinding HeaderBackground}"><Grid.ColumnDefinitions><ColumnDefinitionWidth="auto"/><ColumnDefinitionWidth="auto"/><ColumnDefinitionWidth="*"/><ColumnDefinitionWidth="auto"/></Grid.ColumnDefinitions><Imagex:Name="Icon"Width="32"Height="32"Margin="5"Source="{TemplateBinding Icon}"Stretch="Fill"/><TextBlockx:Name="HeaderText"Grid.Column="1"Margin="5,0"FontSize="13"VerticalAlignment="Center"Foreground="{TemplateBinding HeaderForeground}"Text="{TemplateBinding Title}"/><ContentPresenterGrid.Column="2"ContentSource="HeaderContent"WindowChrome.IsHitTestVisibleInChrome="true"/><StackPanelGrid.Column="3"Orientation="Horizontal"><StackPanel.Resources><ControlTemplatex:Key="WindowButtonTemplate"TargetType="Button"><Gridx:Name="body"Background="Transparent"><BorderMargin="3"Background="Transparent"WindowChrome.IsHitTestVisibleInChrome="True"/><ContentPresenterHorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"/></Grid><ControlTemplate.Triggers><TriggerProperty="IsMouseOver"Value="True"><SetterTargetName="body"Property="Background"><Setter.Value><SolidColorBrushOpacity="0.1"Color="Black"/></Setter.Value></Setter></Trigger></ControlTemplate.Triggers></ControlTemplate></StackPanel.Resources><Buttonx:Name="PART_MinWindowButton"Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=Self}, Path=ActualHeight}"Cursor="Hand"Template="{DynamicResource WindowButtonTemplate}"><PathWidth="15"Height="2"Data="M772.963422 533.491105l-528.06716 0c-12.38297 0-22.514491-10.131521-22.514491-22.514491l0 0c0-12.38297 10.131521-22.514491 22.514491-22.514491l528.06716 0c12.38297 0 22.514491 10.131521 22.514491 22.514491l0 0C795.477913 523.359584 785.346392 533.491105 772.963422 533.491105z"Fill="{TemplateBinding HeaderForeground}"IsHitTestVisible="false"Stretch="Fill"/></Button><Buttonx:Name="PART_MaxWindowButton"Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=Self}, Path=ActualHeight}"Cursor="Hand"Template="{DynamicResource WindowButtonTemplate}"><Pathx:Name="winCnangePath"Width="15"Height="15"Data="M10.62,72a9.92,9.92,0,0,1-4-.86A11.15,11.15,0,0,1,.86,65.43,9.92,9.92,0,0,1,0,61.38V25A9.86,9.86,0,0,1,.86,21,11.32,11.32,0,0,1,3.18,17.6a11,11,0,0,1,3.38-2.32,9.68,9.68,0,0,1,4.06-.87H47a9.84,9.84,0,0,1,4.08.87A11,11,0,0,1,56.72,21,9.84,9.84,0,0,1,57.59,25V61.38a9.68,9.68,0,0,1-.87,4.06,11,11,0,0,1-2.32,3.38A11.32,11.32,0,0,1,51,71.14,9.86,9.86,0,0,1,47,72Zm36.17-7.21a3.39,3.39,0,0,0,1.39-.28,3.79,3.79,0,0,0,1.16-.77,3.47,3.47,0,0,0,1.07-2.53v-36a3.55,3.55,0,0,0-.28-1.41,3.51,3.51,0,0,0-.77-1.16,3.67,3.67,0,0,0-1.16-.77,3.55,3.55,0,0,0-1.41-.28h-36a3.45,3.45,0,0,0-1.39.28,3.59,3.59,0,0,0-1.14.79,3.79,3.79,0,0,0-.77,1.16,3.39,3.39,0,0,0-.28,1.39v36a3.45,3.45,0,0,0,.28,1.39A3.62,3.62,0,0,0,9.4,64.51a3.45,3.45,0,0,0,1.39.28Zm18-43.45a13.14,13.14,0,0,0-1.16-5.5,14.41,14.41,0,0,0-3.14-4.5,15,15,0,0,0-4.61-3,14.14,14.14,0,0,0-5.5-1.1H15A10.73,10.73,0,0,1,21.88.51,10.93,10.93,0,0,1,25.21,0H50.38a20.82,20.82,0,0,1,8.4,1.71A21.72,21.72,0,0,1,70.29,13.18,20.91,20.91,0,0,1,72,21.59v25.2a10.93,10.93,0,0,1-.51,3.33A10.71,10.71,0,0,1,70,53.05a10.84,10.84,0,0,1-2.28,2.36,10.66,10.66,0,0,1-3,1.58Z"Fill="{TemplateBinding HeaderForeground}"IsHitTestVisible="false"Stretch="Fill"/></Button><Buttonx:Name="PART_CloseWindowButton"Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=Self}, Path=ActualHeight}"Cursor="Hand"Template="{DynamicResource WindowButtonTemplate}"><PathWidth="15"Height="15"Data="M550.848 502.496l308.64-308.896a31.968 31.968 0 1 0-45.248-45.248l-308.608 308.896-308.64-308.928a31.968 31.968 0 1 0-45.248 45.248l308.64 308.896-308.64 308.896a31.968 31.968 0 1 0 45.248 45.248l308.64-308.896 308.608 308.896a31.968 31.968 0 1 0 45.248-45.248l-308.64-308.864z"Fill="{TemplateBinding HeaderForeground}"IsHitTestVisible="false"Stretch="Fill"/></Button></StackPanel></Grid><GridGrid.Row="1"ClipToBounds="True"><ContentPresenter/></Grid></Grid></Ai:AiTransition></Border><ControlTemplate.Triggers><TriggerProperty="WindowState"Value="Normal"><SetterTargetName="winCnangePath"Property="Data"Value="M10.62,72a9.92,9.92,0,0,1-4-.86A11.15,11.15,0,0,1,.86,65.43,9.92,9.92,0,0,1,0,61.38V10.62a9.92,9.92,0,0,1,.86-4A11.15,11.15,0,0,1,6.57.86a9.92,9.92,0,0,1,4-.86H61.38a9.92,9.92,0,0,1,4.05.86,11.15,11.15,0,0,1,5.71,5.71,9.92,9.92,0,0,1,.86,4V61.38a9.92,9.92,0,0,1-.86,4.05,11.15,11.15,0,0,1-5.71,5.71,9.92,9.92,0,0,1-4.05.86Zm50.59-7.21a3.45,3.45,0,0,0,1.39-.28,3.62,3.62,0,0,0,1.91-1.91,3.45,3.45,0,0,0,.28-1.39V10.79a3.45,3.45,0,0,0-.28-1.39A3.62,3.62,0,0,0,62.6,7.49a3.45,3.45,0,0,0-1.39-.28H10.79a3.45,3.45,0,0,0-1.39.28A3.62,3.62,0,0,0,7.49,9.4a3.45,3.45,0,0,0-.28,1.39V61.21a3.45,3.45,0,0,0,.28,1.39A3.62,3.62,0,0,0,9.4,64.51a3.45,3.45,0,0,0,1.39.28Z"/></Trigger><TriggerProperty="IsShowHeader"Value="false"><SetterTargetName="PART_Header"Property="Visibility"Value="Collapsed"/></Trigger><TriggerProperty="ResizeMode"Value="NoResize"><SetterTargetName="PART_MaxWindowButton"Property="Visibility"Value="Collapsed"/></Trigger><TriggerProperty="Icon"Value="{x:Null}"><SetterTargetName="Icon"Property="Visibility"Value="Collapsed"/></Trigger><TriggerSourceName="HeaderText"Property="Text"Value=""><SetterTargetName="HeaderText"Property="Visibility"Value="Collapsed"/></Trigger><TriggerSourceName="HeaderText"Property="Text"Value="{x:Null}"><SetterTargetName="HeaderText"Property="Visibility"Value="Collapsed"/></Trigger></ControlTemplate.Triggers></ControlTemplate></Setter.Value></Setter></Style></ResourceDictionary>

 

4. 创建默认主题

 

在Themes文件夹中，创建主题资源文件【Generic.xaml】，并在主题资源文件中，引用上述创建的样式资源，如下所示：

<ResourceDictionaryxmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"><ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries><ResourceDictionarySource="pack://application:,,,/SmallSixUI.Templates;component/Styles/AiWindowStyle.xaml"></ResourceDictionary><ResourceDictionarySource="pack://application:,,,/SmallSixUI.Templates;component/Styles/AiTransitionStyle.xaml"></ResourceDictionary></ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries></ResourceDictionary>

主题：主题资源文件，是为了整合一组资源样式，来形成一套主题。同一主题之内，风格统一；不同主题之间相互独立，风格迥异。

 

应用自定义控件库

 

1. 创建应用程序

 

在解决方案中，创建WPF应用程序【SmallSixUI.App】，并引用控件库【SmallSixUI.Templates】，如下所示：

 

2. 引入主题资源

 

在应用程序的启动类App.xaml中，引入主题资源文件，如下所示：

<Applicationx:Class="SmallSixUI.App.App"xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"xmlns:local="clr-namespace:SmallSixUI.App"StartupUri="MainWindow.xaml"><Application.Resources><ResourceDictionary><ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries><ResourceDictionarySource="pack://application:,,,/SmallSixUI.Templates;component/Themes/Generic.xaml"></ResourceDictionary></ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries></ResourceDictionary></Application.Resources></Application>

 

3. 创建测试窗口

 

在应用程序中，创建测试窗口【SmallSixWindow.xaml】，添加控件库命名控件【Ai】，并修改窗口的继承类为【AiWindow】，然后设置窗口的背景色，logo，标题等，如下所示：

SmallSixWindow.xaml文件中，如下所示：

<Ai:AiWindowx:Class="SmallSixUI.App.SmallSixWindow"xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"xmlns:Ai="clr-namespace:SmallSixUI.Templates.Controls;assembly=SmallSixUI.Templates"xmlns:local="clr-namespace:SmallSixUI.App"mc:Ignorable="d"IsShowHeader="True"HeaderBackground="#446180"HeaderHeight="80"Icon="logo.png"Title="小六公子的UI设计窗口"Height="450"Width="800"><Grid></Grid></Ai:AiWindow>

SmallSixWindow.xaml.cs中修改继承类，如下所示：

usingSmallSixUI.Templates.Controls;
usingSystem;
usingSystem.Collections.Generic;
usingSystem.Linq;
usingSystem.Text;
usingSystem.Threading.Tasks;
usingSystem.Windows;
usingSystem.Windows.Controls;
usingSystem.Windows.Data;
usingSystem.Windows.Documents;
usingSystem.Windows.Input;
usingSystem.Windows.Media;
usingSystem.Windows.Media.Imaging;
usingSystem.Windows.Shapes;
namespaceSmallSixUI.App{
/// <summary>/// XWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑/// </summary>publicpartialclassSmallSixWindow : AiWindow    {
publicSmallSixWindow()
        {
InitializeComponent();
        }
    }
}

 

运行程序

 

通过Visual Studio运行程序，如下所示：

普通默认窗口，如下所示：

自定义窗口

应用自定义样式的窗口，如下所示：

以上就是WPF自定义控件库之窗口的全部内容。希望可以抛砖引玉，一起学习，共同进步。

文章标签：
C#
人工智能
关键词：
wpf库
wpf window
wpf自定义控件
wpf窗口
wpf window窗口
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