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1. 优化

1.1 扩展序列化算法

序列化，反序列化主要用在消息正文的转换上

序列化时，需要将 Java 对象变为要传输的数据（可以是 byte[]，或 json 等，最终都需要变成 byte[]）

反序列化时，需要将传入的正文数据还原成 Java 对象，便于处理

目前的代码仅支持 Java 自带的序列化，反序列化机制，核心代码如下

// 反序列化
byte[] body = new byte[bodyLength];
byteByf.readBytes(body);
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(body));
Message message = (Message) in.readObject();
message.setSequenceId(sequenceId);
// 序列化
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
new ObjectOutputStream(out).writeObject(message);
byte[] bytes = out.toByteArray();

为了支持更多序列化算法，抽象一个 Serializer 接口

public interface Serializer {
    // 反序列化方法
    <T> T deserialize(Class<T> clazz, byte[] bytes);
    // 序列化方法
    <T> byte[] serialize(T object);
}

提供两个实现，我这里直接将实现加入了枚举类 Serializer.Algorithm 中

enum SerializerAlgorithm implements Serializer {
  // Java 实现
    Java {
        @Override
        public <T> T deserialize(Class<T> clazz, byte[] bytes) {
            try {
                ObjectInputStream in = 
                    new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
                Object object = in.readObject();
                return (T) object;
            } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("SerializerAlgorithm.Java 反序列化错误", e);
            }
        }
        @Override
        public <T> byte[] serialize(T object) {
            try {
                ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                new ObjectOutputStream(out).writeObject(object);
                return out.toByteArray();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("SerializerAlgorithm.Java 序列化错误", e);
            }
        }
    }, 
    // Json 实现(引入了 Gson 依赖)
    Json {
        @Override
        public <T> T deserialize(Class<T> clazz, byte[] bytes) {
            return new Gson().fromJson(new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8), clazz);
        }
        @Override
        public <T> byte[] serialize(T object) {
            return new Gson().toJson(object).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        }
    };
    // 需要从协议的字节中得到是哪种序列化算法
    public static SerializerAlgorithm getByInt(int type) {
        SerializerAlgorithm[] array = SerializerAlgorithm.values();
        if (type < 0 || type > array.length - 1) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("超过 SerializerAlgorithm 范围");
        }
        return array[type];
    }
}

增加配置类和配置文件

public abstract class Config {
    static Properties properties;
    static {
        try (InputStream in = Config.class.getResourceAsStream("/application.properties")) {
            properties = new Properties();
            properties.load(in);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
        }
    }
    public static int getServerPort() {
        String value = properties.getProperty("server.port");
        if(value == null) {
            return 8080;
        } else {
            return Integer.parseInt(value);
        }
    }
    public static Serializer.Algorithm getSerializerAlgorithm() {
        String value = properties.getProperty("serializer.algorithm");
        if(value == null) {
            return Serializer.Algorithm.Java;
        } else {
            return Serializer.Algorithm.valueOf(value);
        }
    }
}

配置文件

serializer.algorithm=Json

修改编解码器

/**
 * 必须和 LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder 一起使用，确保接到的 ByteBuf 消息是完整的
 */
public class MessageCodecSharable extends MessageToMessageCodec<ByteBuf, Message> {
    @Override
    public void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Message msg, List<Object> outList) throws Exception {
        ByteBuf out = ctx.alloc().buffer();
        // 1. 4 字节的魔数
        out.writeBytes(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4});
        // 2. 1 字节的版本,
        out.writeByte(1);
        // 3. 1 字节的序列化方式 jdk 0 , json 1
        out.writeByte(Config.getSerializerAlgorithm().ordinal());
        // 4. 1 字节的指令类型
        out.writeByte(msg.getMessageType());
        // 5. 4 个字节
        out.writeInt(msg.getSequenceId());
        // 无意义，对齐填充
        out.writeByte(0xff);
        // 6. 获取内容的字节数组
        byte[] bytes = Config.getSerializerAlgorithm().serialize(msg);
        // 7. 长度
        out.writeInt(bytes.length);
        // 8. 写入内容
        out.writeBytes(bytes);
        outList.add(out);
    }
    @Override
    protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
        int magicNum = in.readInt();
        byte version = in.readByte();
        byte serializerAlgorithm = in.readByte(); // 0 或 1
        byte messageType = in.readByte(); // 0,1,2...
        int sequenceId = in.readInt();
        in.readByte();
        int length = in.readInt();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
        in.readBytes(bytes, 0, length);
        // 找到反序列化算法
        Serializer.Algorithm algorithm = Serializer.Algorithm.values()[serializerAlgorithm];
        // 确定具体消息类型
        Class<? extends Message> messageClass = Message.getMessageClass(messageType);
        Message message = algorithm.deserialize(messageClass, bytes);
//        log.debug("{}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}", magicNum, version, serializerType, messageType, sequenceId, length);
//        log.debug("{}", message);
        out.add(message);
    }
}

其中确定具体消息类型，可以根据 消息类型字节 获取到对应的 消息 class

@Data
public abstract class Message implements Serializable {
    /**
     * 根据消息类型字节，获得对应的消息 class
     * @param messageType 消息类型字节
     * @return 消息 class
     */
    public static Class<? extends Message> getMessageClass(int messageType) {
        return messageClasses.get(messageType);
    }
    private int sequenceId;
    private int messageType;
    public abstract int getMessageType();
    public static final int LoginRequestMessage = 0;
    public static final int LoginResponseMessage = 1;
    public static final int ChatRequestMessage = 2;
    public static final int ChatResponseMessage = 3;
    public static final int GroupCreateRequestMessage = 4;
    public static final int GroupCreateResponseMessage = 5;
    public static final int GroupJoinRequestMessage = 6;
    public static final int GroupJoinResponseMessage = 7;
    public static final int GroupQuitRequestMessage = 8;
    public static final int GroupQuitResponseMessage = 9;
    public static final int GroupChatRequestMessage = 10;
    public static final int GroupChatResponseMessage = 11;
    public static final int GroupMembersRequestMessage = 12;
    public static final int GroupMembersResponseMessage = 13;
    public static final int PingMessage = 14;
    public static final int PongMessage = 15;
    private static final Map<Integer, Class<? extends Message>> messageClasses = new HashMap<>();
    static {
        messageClasses.put(LoginRequestMessage, LoginRequestMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(LoginResponseMessage, LoginResponseMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(ChatRequestMessage, ChatRequestMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(ChatResponseMessage, ChatResponseMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(GroupCreateRequestMessage, GroupCreateRequestMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(GroupCreateResponseMessage, GroupCreateResponseMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(GroupJoinRequestMessage, GroupJoinRequestMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(GroupJoinResponseMessage, GroupJoinResponseMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(GroupQuitRequestMessage, GroupQuitRequestMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(GroupQuitResponseMessage, GroupQuitResponseMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(GroupChatRequestMessage, GroupChatRequestMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(GroupChatResponseMessage, GroupChatResponseMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(GroupMembersRequestMessage, GroupMembersRequestMessage.class);
        messageClasses.put(GroupMembersResponseMessage, GroupMembersResponseMessage.class);
    }
}

2 参数调优

2.1 CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS

属于 SocketChannal 参数
用在客户端建立连接时，如果在指定毫秒内无法连接，会抛出 timeout 异常
SO_TIMEOUT 主要用在阻塞 IO，阻塞 IO 中 accept，read 等都是无限等待的，如果不希望永远阻塞，使用它调整超时时间

@Slf4j
public class TestConnectionTimeout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap()
                    .group(group)
                    .option(ChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, 300)
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new LoggingHandler());
            ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 8080);
            future.sync().channel().closeFuture().sync(); // 断点1
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            log.debug("timeout");
        } finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

另外源码部分 io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioChannel.AbstractNioUnsafe#connect

@Override
public final void connect(
        final SocketAddress remoteAddress, final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
    // ...
    // Schedule connect timeout.
    int connectTimeoutMillis = config().getConnectTimeoutMillis();
    if (connectTimeoutMillis > 0) {
        connectTimeoutFuture = eventLoop().schedule(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {                
                ChannelPromise connectPromise = AbstractNioChannel.this.connectPromise;
                ConnectTimeoutException cause =
                    new ConnectTimeoutException("connection timed out: " + remoteAddress); // 断点2
                if (connectPromise != null && connectPromise.tryFailure(cause)) {
                    close(voidPromise());
                }
            }
        }, connectTimeoutMillis, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }
  // ...
}

2.2 SO_BACKLOG

属于 ServerSocketChannal 参数

第一次握手，client 发送 SYN 到 server，状态修改为 SYN_SEND，server 收到，状态改变为 SYN_REVD，并将该请求放入 sync queue 队列

第二次握手，server 回复 SYN + ACK 给 client，client 收到，状态改变为 ESTABLISHED，并发送 ACK 给 server

第三次握手，server 收到 ACK，状态改变为 ESTABLISHED，将该请求从 sync queue 放入 accept queue

其中

在 linux 2.2 之前，backlog 大小包括了两个队列的大小，在 2.2 之后，分别用下面两个参数来控制

sync queue - 半连接队列

大小通过 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog 指定，在 syncookies 启用的情况下，逻辑上没有最大值限制，这个设置便被忽略

accept queue - 全连接队列

其大小通过 /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 指定，在使用 listen 函数时，内核会根据传入的 backlog 参数与系统参数，取二者的较小值

如果 accpet queue 队列满了，server 将发送一个拒绝连接的错误信息到 client

netty 中

可以通过 option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 值) 来设置大小

可以通过下面源码查看默认大小

public class DefaultServerSocketChannelConfig extends DefaultChannelConfig
                                              implements ServerSocketChannelConfig {
    private volatile int backlog = NetUtil.SOMAXCONN;
    // ...
}

课堂调试关键断点为：io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#processSelectedKey

oio 中更容易说明，不用 debug 模式

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8888, 2);
        Socket accept = ss.accept();
        System.out.println(accept);
        System.in.read();
    }
}

客户端启动 4 个

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        try {
            Socket s = new Socket();
            System.out.println(new Date()+" connecting...");
            s.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8888),1000);
            System.out.println(new Date()+" connected...");
            s.getOutputStream().write(1);
            System.in.read();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(new Date()+" connecting timeout...");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

第 1，2，3 个客户端都打印，但除了第一个处于 accpet 外，其它两个都处于 accept queue 中

Tue Apr 21 20:30:28 CST 2020 connecting...
Tue Apr 21 20:30:28 CST 2020 connected...

第 4 个客户端连接时

Tue Apr 21 20:53:58 CST 2020 connecting...
Tue Apr 21 20:53:59 CST 2020 connecting timeout...
java.net.SocketTimeoutException: connect timed out

2.3 ulimit -n

属于操作系统参数

2.4 TCP_NODELAY

属于 SocketChannal 参数

2.5 SO_SNDBUF & SO_RCVBUF

SO_SNDBUF 属于 SocketChannal 参数
SO_RCVBUF 既可用于 SocketChannal 参数，也可以用于 ServerSocketChannal 参数（建议设置到 ServerSocketChannal 上）

2.6 ALLOCATOR

属于 SocketChannal 参数
用来分配 ByteBuf， ctx.alloc()

2.7 RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR

属于 SocketChannal 参数
控制 netty 接收缓冲区大小
负责入站数据的分配，决定入站缓冲区的大小（并可动态调整），统一采用 direct 直接内存，具体池化还是非池化由 allocator 决定

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