引言
在以往的写代码过程中,我们肯定会遇到客户有文件上传的需求,写过的同志都知道代码量是有的而且比较繁琐,今天这篇博客就来介绍一个Java库commons-fileupload,该库是Apache的一个开源Java库,它提供了一种简单的方式来上传和处理文件。它是Java Servlet API的一部分,可以方便地在Web应用程序中实现文件上传功能。
一、JRebel的使用
在讲解文件上传之前,先向大家推荐一下JRebel的使用,JRebel的主要功能是实现热部署,节省了大量重启时间,提高了个人开发效率。
1.1.安装JReble
我这里以IDEA为例,在Settings里点击Plugins在Marketplace处搜索jrebel,选择第一个安装即可。
安装后重启IDEA即可。
1.2.反向代理工具
这里会使用一个反向代理工具ReverseProxy_windows_amd64,而JRebel是一个Java虚拟机插件,它们之间没有直接的关系。但是,如果您在使用JRebel时遇到了问题,可以尝试先启动ReverseProxy_windows_amd64,然后再使用JRebel。
下载地址
Release v1.4 · ilanyu/ReverseProxy · GitHub
下载完成后打开代理ReverseProxy_windows_amd64.exe再jrebel启动项目
(注意:激活成功前不要关闭反向代理程序)
选择TeamURL激活
第一行输入http://127.0.0.1:8888/GUID
第二行输入电子邮箱即可。
https://www.guidgen.com/(生成GUID链接)
1.3.离线使用
激活后一定要手动切换到离线模式进行使用,过程如图 如下步骤进行操作:
File ➡Settings➡JRebel ➡Work offline ➡OK
(注意点击Work offline就会变为Work online)
下面就可以进行我们的SpringMVC文件上传讲解了。
二、文件上传
2.1.公共文件跳转
该类是方便我们少写重复跳转页面的代码需要跳什么页面jsp的请求上加上/page即可。
@Controller @RequestMapping("/page") public class InputController { @RequestMapping("{page}") public String to(@PathVariable("page") String page){ return page; } @RequestMapping("/{dir}/{page}") public String todir(@PathVariable("dir") String dir, @PathVariable("page") String page){ return dir+"/"+page; } }
2.2.添加依赖
处理文件上传的Java库。
<dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency>
2.3.配置文件上传解析器
将配置文件放入Spring-mvc.xml中
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <!-- 必须和用户JSP 的pageEncoding属性一致,以便正确解析表单的内容 --> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"></property> <!-- 文件最大大小(字节) 1024*1024*50=50M--> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="52428800"></property> <!--resolveLazily属性启用是为了推迟文件解析,以便捕获文件大小异常--> <property name="resolveLazily" value="true"/> </bean>
MultipartResolver是用于处理文件上传,当收到请求时DispatcherServlet的checkMultipart()方法会调用MultipartResolver的isMultipart()方法判断请求中是否包含文件,如果请求数据中包含文件,则调用MultipartResolver的resolverMultipart()方法对请求的数据进行解析,然后将文件数据解析MultipartFile并封装在MultipartHTTPServletRequest(继承了HTTPServletRequest)对象中,最后传递给Controller。
2.4.图片路径配置Tomcat
为了我们的后期维护,所以将本地图片路径与Tomcat访问路径进行配置文件的保存。
PropertiesUtil.java
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <!-- 必须和用户JSP 的pageEncoding属性一致,以便正确解析表单的内容 --> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"></property> <!-- 文件最大大小(字节) 1024*1024*50=50M--> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="52428800"></property> <!--resolveLazily属性启用是为了推迟文件解析,以便捕获文件大小异常--> <property name="resolveLazily" value="true"/> </bean>
resource.properties
dir=E:/oa/idea/upload/ server=/upload/
点击菜单栏上的Tomcat选择Edit Configurations
2.5.前端代码
list.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <%@ taglib uri="http://jsp.veryedu.cn" prefix="z"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.5.0/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.5.0/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <title>学生管理首页</title> <style type="text/css"> .page-item input { padding: 0; width: 40px; height: 100%; text-align: center; margin: 0 6px; } .page-item input, .page-item b { line-height: 38px; float: left; font-weight: 400; } .page-item.go-input { margin: 0 10px; } </style> </head> <body> <form class="form-inline" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/list" method="post"> <div class="form-group mb-2"> <input type="text" class="form-control-plaintext" name="sname" placeholder="请输入学生名称"> <!-- <input name="rows" value="20" type="hidden"> --> <!-- 不想分页 --> <%--<input name="pagination" value="false" type="hidden">--%> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">查询</button> <a class="btn btn-primary mb-2" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/PreSave">新增</a> </form> <table class="table table-striped "> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">学生ID</th> <th scope="col">学生名称</th> <th scope="col">学生照片</th> <th scope="col">学生性别</th> <th scope="col">操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <c:forEach var="s" items="${slist }"> <tr> <td>${s.sid }</td> <td>${s.sname }</td> <td> <img src="${s.sage }" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;"> </td> <td>${s.ssex }</td> <td> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/PreSave?sid=${s.sid}">修改</a> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/del?sid=${s.sid}">删除</a> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/page/student/upload?sid=${s.sid}">上传照片</a> </td> </tr> </c:forEach> </tbody> </table> <!-- 这一行代码就相当于前面分页需求前端的几十行了 --> <z:page pageBean="${pageBean }"></z:page> <%--${pageBean } ${slist}--%> </body> </html>
upload.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>学生照片上传</title> </head> <body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <label>学生编号:</label><input type="text" name="sid" readonly="readonly" value="${param.sid}"/><br/> <label>学生图片:</label><input type="file" name="simg"/><br/> <input type="submit" value="上传图片"/> </form> </body> </html>
2.6.文件上传实现
StudentController.java
@Controller @RequestMapping("/student") public class StudentController { @Autowired private StudentBiz stubiz; // 增 @RequestMapping("/add") public String add(Student student){ stubiz.insertSelective(student); return "redirect:list"; } // 删 @RequestMapping("/del") public String del(Student student){ stubiz.deleteByPrimaryKey(student.getSid()); return "redirect:list"; } // 查 @RequestMapping("/list") public String list(Student student, HttpServletRequest request){ PageBean pageBean=new PageBean(); pageBean.setRequest(request); List<Student> students = stubiz.selectBySnamePager(student, pageBean); request.setAttribute("slist",students); request.setAttribute("pageBean",pageBean); return "student/list"; } // 改 @RequestMapping("/edit") public String edit(Student student){ stubiz.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(student); return "redirect:list"; } // 模糊分页查询 @RequestMapping("/PreSave") public String PreSave(Student student, HttpServletRequest request){ if(student!=null && student.getSid()!=null){ Student s = stubiz.selectByPrimaryKey(student.getSid()); request.setAttribute("s",s); } return "student/edit"; } //文件上传 @RequestMapping("/upload") public String upload(MultipartFile simg,Student student) throws IOException { //将上传图片保存到服务器中的指定位置 String dir= PropertiesUtil.getValue("dir"); String server=PropertiesUtil.getValue("server"); String filename = simg.getOriginalFilename(); FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(simg.getInputStream(),new File(dir+filename)); //将上传的图片保存到数据库 student.setSage(server+ filename); stubiz.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(student); return "redirect:list"; } }
效果展示:
这时候查看我们所配置的本地路径中也有图片了。
三、文件下载
3.1.Controller层
StudentController.java
@Controller @RequestMapping("/student") public class StudentController { @Autowired private StudentBiz stubiz; // 增 @RequestMapping("/add") public String add(Student student){ stubiz.insertSelective(student); return "redirect:list"; } // 删 @RequestMapping("/del") public String del(Student student){ stubiz.deleteByPrimaryKey(student.getSid()); return "redirect:list"; } // 查 @RequestMapping("/list") public String list(Student student, HttpServletRequest request){ PageBean pageBean=new PageBean(); pageBean.setRequest(request); List<Student> students = stubiz.selectBySnamePager(student, pageBean); request.setAttribute("slist",students); request.setAttribute("pageBean",pageBean); return "student/list"; } // 改 @RequestMapping("/edit") public String edit(Student student){ stubiz.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(student); return "redirect:list"; } // 模糊分页查询 @RequestMapping("/PreSave") public String PreSave(Student student, HttpServletRequest request){ if(student!=null && student.getSid()!=null){ Student s = stubiz.selectByPrimaryKey(student.getSid()); request.setAttribute("s",s); } return "student/edit"; } //文件上传 @RequestMapping("/upload") public String upload(MultipartFile simg,Student student) throws IOException { //将上传图片保存到服务器中的指定位置 String dir= PropertiesUtil.getValue("dir"); String server=PropertiesUtil.getValue("server"); String filename = simg.getOriginalFilename(); FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(simg.getInputStream(),new File(dir+filename)); //将上传的图片保存到数据库 student.setSage(server+ filename); stubiz.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(student); return "redirect:list"; } //文件下载 @RequestMapping(value="/download") public ResponseEntity<byte[]> download(Student student, HttpServletRequest req){ try { //先根据文件id查询对应图片信息 Student students = this.stubiz.selectByPrimaryKey(student.getSid()); String diskPath = PropertiesUtil.getValue("dir"); String reqPath = PropertiesUtil.getValue("server"); String realPath = students.getSage().replace(reqPath,diskPath); String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("/")+1); //下载关键代码 File file=new File(realPath); HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();//http头信息 String downloadFileName = new String(fileName.getBytes("UTF-8"),"iso-8859-1");//设置编码 headers.setContentDispositionFormData("attachment", downloadFileName); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM); //MediaType:互联网媒介类型 contentType:具体请求中的媒体类型信息 return new ResponseEntity<byte[]>(FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file),headers, HttpStatus.OK); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } }
3.2.前端代码
list.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <%@ taglib uri="http://jsp.veryedu.cn" prefix="z"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.5.0/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.5.0/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <title>学生管理首页</title> <style type="text/css"> .page-item input { padding: 0; width: 40px; height: 100%; text-align: center; margin: 0 6px; } .page-item input, .page-item b { line-height: 38px; float: left; font-weight: 400; } .page-item.go-input { margin: 0 10px; } </style> </head> <body> <form class="form-inline" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/list" method="post"> <div class="form-group mb-2"> <input type="text" class="form-control-plaintext" name="sname" placeholder="请输入学生名称"> <!-- <input name="rows" value="20" type="hidden"> --> <!-- 不想分页 --> <%--<input name="pagination" value="false" type="hidden">--%> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">查询</button> <a class="btn btn-primary mb-2" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/PreSave">新增</a> </form> <table class="table table-striped "> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">学生ID</th> <th scope="col">学生名称</th> <th scope="col">学生照片</th> <th scope="col">学生性别</th> <th scope="col">操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <c:forEach var="s" items="${slist }"> <tr> <td>${s.sid }</td> <td>${s.sname }</td> <td> <img src="${s.sage }" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;"> </td> <td>${s.ssex }</td> <td> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/PreSave?sid=${s.sid}">修改</a> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/del?sid=${s.sid}">删除</a> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/page/student/upload?sid=${s.sid}">上传照片</a> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/download?sid=${s.sid}">下载照片</a> </td> </tr> </c:forEach> </tbody> </table> <!-- 这一行代码就相当于前面分页需求前端的几十行了 --> <z:page pageBean="${pageBean }"></z:page> <%--${pageBean } ${slist}--%> </body> </html>
效果演示:
四、多文件上传
由于我的数据库表中没有存储多个图片的字段,就不过数据库演示了。
4.1.Controller层
//多文件上传 @RequestMapping("/uploads") public String uploads(HttpServletRequest req, Student student, MultipartFile[] files){ try { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); for (MultipartFile cfile : files) { //思路: //1) 将上传图片保存到服务器中的指定位置 String dir = PropertiesUtil.getValue("dir"); String server = PropertiesUtil.getValue("server"); String filename = cfile.getOriginalFilename(); FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(cfile.getInputStream(),new File(dir+filename)); sb.append(filename).append(","); } System.out.println(sb.toString()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return "redirect:list"; }
4.2.前端代码
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/page/student/uploads">多文件上传</a> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/uploads" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="files" multiple> <button type="submit">上传</button> </form> </body> </html>
效果演示:
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