1 Spring模板对象
一般的话这些模板对象都会使用SpringData,因为SpringData给我们提供了一种通用的代码格式而且也有对Template又做了一层封装加了跟多的功能,所以这个了解即可，统一数据访问API。并且对于不同的数据库有很好的支持，不仅是关系型数据库，非关系型数据库也可以，在我看来SpringData是站在一个高的层次去统一API，底层可以是不同厂商的实现。
- TransactionTemplate
- JdbcTemplate
- RedisTemplate
- RabbitTemplate
- JmsTemplate
- HibernateTemplate
- RestTemplate
2 JdbcTemplate
JdbcTemplate是spring框架中提供的一个对象，是对原始繁琐的Jdbc API对象的简单封装。spring框架为我们提供了很多的操作模板类。例如：操作关系型数据的JdbcTemplate和HibernateTemplate，操作nosql数据库的RedisTemplate，操作消息队列的JmsTemplate等等。
2.1 JdbcTemplate基本使用-开发步骤
①导入spring-jdbc和spring-tx坐标
②创建数据库表和实体
③创建JdbcTemplate对象
④执行数据库操作
2.2 JdbcTemplate基本使用-快速入门代码实现
导入spring-jdbc和spring-tx坐标
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>itheima_spring_jdbc</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>itheima_spring_jdbc Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.32</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.1.10</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.0.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>2.9.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.9.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>2.9.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
创建数据库表和实体
package com.itheima.domain; public class Account { private String name; private double money; public String getNa me() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public double getMoney() { return money; } public void setMoney(double money) { this.money = money; } @Override public String toString() { return "Account{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", money=" + money + '}'; } }
创建JdbcTemplate对象
执行数据库操作
@Test //测试JdbcTemplate开发步骤 public void test1() throws PropertyVetoException { //创建数据源对象 ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource(); dataSource.setDriverClass("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"); dataSource.setUser("root"); dataSource.setPassword("root"); JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(); //设置数据源对象 知道数据库在哪 jdbcTemplate.setDataSource(dataSource); //执行操作 int row = jdbcTemplate.update("insert into account values(?,?)", "tom", 5000); System.out.println(row); }
2.3 JdbcTemplate基本使用-spring产生模板对象分析
我们可以将JdbcTemplate的创建权交给Spring，将数据源DataSource的创建权也交给Spring，在Spring容器内部将数据源DataSource注入到JdbcTemplate模版对象中,然后通过Spring容器获得JdbcTemplate对象来执行操作。
2.4 JdbcTemplate基本使用-spring产生模板对象代码实现
配置如下：
Xml
<!--数据源对象--> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///test"></property> <property name="user" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="root"></property> </bean> <!--jdbc模板对象--> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean>
测试代码
Java
@Test //测试Spring产生jdbcTemplate对象 public void test2() throws PropertyVetoException { ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = app.getBean(JdbcTemplate.class); int row = jdbcTemplate.update("insert into account values(?,?)", "lisi", 5000); System.out.println(row); }
2.5 JdbcTemplate基本使用-spring产生模板对象代码实现（抽取jdbc.properties）
将数据库的连接信息抽取到外部配置文件中，和spring的配置文件分离开，有利于后期维护
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=root
配置文件修改为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd "> <!--加载jdbc.properties--> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/> <!--数据源对象--> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> </bean> <!--jdbc模板对象--> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean> </beans>
2.6 JdbcTemplate基本使用-常用操作-更新操作
package com.itheima.test; import com.itheima.domain.Account; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import java.util.List; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml") public class JdbcTemplateCRUDTest { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; //修改更新 @Test public void testUpdate(){ jdbcTemplate.update("update account set money=? where name=?",10000,"tom"); } //删除 @Test public void testDelete(){ jdbcTemplate.update("delete from account where name=?","tom"); } }
2.7 JdbcTemplate基本使用-常用操作-查询操作
package com.itheima.test; import com.itheima.domain.Account; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import java.util.List; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml") public class JdbcTemplateCRUDTest { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; //聚合查询 @Test public void testQueryCount(){ Long count = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select count(*) from account", Long.class); System.out.println(count); } //查询一个 @Test public void testQueryOne(){ Account account = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from account where name=?", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), "tom"); System.out.println(account); } //查询所有 @Test public void testQueryAll(){ List<Account> accountList = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from account", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class)); System.out.println(accountList); } }
