环境:Springboot2.5.12
假设现在要实现这样的一个消息格式:
入参:
name:张三,age:20
接口接收对象Users
- 自定义消息转换器
public class CustomHttpMessageConverter extends AbstractHttpMessageConverter<Object> { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomHttpMessageConverter.class) ; // 这里指明了只要接收参数是Users类型的都能进行转换 @Override protected boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) { return Users.class == clazz ; } // 读取内容进行内容的转换 @Override protected Object readInternal(Class<? extends Object> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException { String content = inToString(inputMessage.getBody()) ; String[] keys = content.split(",") ; Users instance = null ; try { instance = (Users) clazz.newInstance(); } catch (Exception e1) { e1.printStackTrace() ; } for (String key : keys) { String[] vk = key.split(":") ; try { Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields() ; for (Field f:fields) { if (f.getName().equals(vk[0])) { f.setAccessible(true) ; Class<?> type = f.getType() ; if (String.class == type) { f.set(instance, vk[1]) ; } else if (Integer.class == type) { f.set(instance, Integer.parseInt(vk[1])) ; } break ; } } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("错误:{}", e) ; } } return instance ; } // 如果将返回值以什么形式输出,这里就是调用了对象的toString方法。 @Override protected void writeInternal(Object t, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException { outputMessage.getBody().write(t.toString().getBytes()) ; } @Override protected boolean canWrite(MediaType mediaType) { if (mediaType == null || MediaType.ALL.equalsTypeAndSubtype(mediaType)) { return true; } for (MediaType supportedMediaType : getSupportedMediaTypes()) { if (supportedMediaType.isCompatibleWith(mediaType)) { return true; } } return false; } private String inToString(InputStream is) { byte[] buf = new byte[10 * 1024] ; int leng = -1 ; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder() ; try { while ((leng = is.read(buf)) != -1) { sb.append(new String(buf, 0, leng)) ; } return sb.toString() ; } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e) ; } } }
- 配置消息转换器
@Configuration public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) { CustomHttpMessageConverter messageConvert = new CustomHttpMessageConverter() ; List<MediaType> supportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<>() ; supportedMediaTypes.add(new MediaType("application", "fm")) ; messageConvert.setSupportedMediaTypes(supportedMediaTypes) ; converters.add(messageConvert) ; WebMvcConfigurer.super.configureMessageConverters(converters); } }
在配置消息转换器时,指明了当前这个消息转换器能够接收的内容类型,也就是客户端请求时需要设定Content-Type为application/fm。
public class Users { private String name ; private Integer age ; @Override public String toString() { return "【name = " + this.name + ", age = " + this.age + "】" ; } }
- Controller接口
@RestController @RequestMapping("/message") public class MessageController { @PostMapping("/save") public Users save(@RequestBody Users user) { System.out.println("接受到内容:" + user) ; return user ; } }
- 测试
请求:
响应
源码分析为何自定义消息转换器时要重写那几个方法:
由于我们的接口参数用@RequestBody 注解了,系统采用了
RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor这个参数解析器进行参数的处理。
整个处理流程的入口是DispatcherServlet中的这行代码:
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
接着进入
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#handleInternal方法中的这行代码:
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
接着进入
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#invokeHandlerMethod方法的这行代码:
invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
接着进入
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod#invokeAndHandle方法中的这行代码:
Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
接着进入invokeForRequest方法
@Nullable public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, Object... providedArgs) throws Exception { Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs); if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Arguments: " + Arrays.toString(args)); } return doInvoke(args); }
接着进入getMethodArgumentValues方法
1、这里就开始判断有没有参数解析器可以处理,如果没有会抛出异常。
这里还会吧找到处理的参数解析器缓存起来
this.argumentResolverCache.put(parameter, result);
这行代码缓存了当前可以处理的解析器。
2、开始解析参数,直接从缓存中获取。因为上一步已经得到了解析器。
得到了解析器后:
进行入选中的方法,这个方法最终会进入父类
AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver的如下方法:
protected <T> Object readWithMessageConverters(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException, HttpMessageNotReadableException { MediaType contentType; boolean noContentType = false; try { contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType(); } catch (InvalidMediaTypeException ex) { throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(ex.getMessage()); } if (contentType == null) { noContentType = true; contentType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM; } Class<?> contextClass = parameter.getContainingClass(); Class<T> targetClass = (targetType instanceof Class ? (Class<T>) targetType : null); if (targetClass == null) { ResolvableType resolvableType = ResolvableType.forMethodParameter(parameter); targetClass = (Class<T>) resolvableType.resolve(); } HttpMethod httpMethod = (inputMessage instanceof HttpRequest ? ((HttpRequest) inputMessage).getMethod() : null); Object body = NO_VALUE; EmptyBodyCheckingHttpInputMessage message; try { message = new EmptyBodyCheckingHttpInputMessage(inputMessage); for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) { Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType = (Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass(); GenericHttpMessageConverter<?> genericConverter = (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null); if (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType) : (targetClass != null && converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType))) { if (message.hasBody()) { HttpInputMessage msgToUse = getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(message, parameter, targetType, converterType); body = (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, msgToUse) : ((HttpMessageConverter<T>) converter).read(targetClass, msgToUse)); body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, msgToUse, parameter, targetType, converterType); } else { body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, message, parameter, targetType, converterType); } break; } } } catch (IOException ex) { throw new HttpMessageNotReadableException("I/O error while reading input message", ex, inputMessage); } if (body == NO_VALUE) { if (httpMethod == null || !SUPPORTED_METHODS.contains(httpMethod) || (noContentType && !message.hasBody())) { return null; } throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, this.allSupportedMediaTypes); } MediaType selectedContentType = contentType; Object theBody = body; LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn -> { String formatted = LogFormatUtils.formatValue(theBody, !traceOn); return "Read \"" + selectedContentType + "\" to [" + formatted + "]"; }); return body; }
该方法中的this.messageConverters数据如下:
这里可以看到我们自定义的
CustomHttpMessageConverter。
继续调试到我们自定义的这个Converter
从这里看出,会执行 else(:)中的代码
targetClass != null && converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType)
这个canRead是父类中的方法:
support这里就进入到了我们自定义的Converter中。
继续就会进入到read方法,真正读取处理消息内容的代码了
这里的readInternal就是我们自定义的方法了
关于write的相关方法和read差不多,也就是判断能否write,然后调用对应的writeInternal方法。