在学django的时候，我们写视图是这样的
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser from snippets.models import Snippet from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer @csrf_exempt # 这个函数可以跨域访问 def snippet_list(request): if request.method == 'GET': # get请求 snippets = Snippet.objects.all() serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True) # 序列化 return JsonResponse(serializer.data, safe=False) if request.method == 'POST': # post请求 data = JSONParser().parse(request) serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data) # 序列化 if serializer.is_valid(): # 验证序列化 serializer.save() # 保持数据 return JsonResponse(serializer.data, status=201) return JsonResponse(serializer.errors, status=400) @csrf_exempt def snippet_detail(request, pk): # 获取单个数据 try: snippet = Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk) # ORM的模型的对象，一个 except Snippet.DoesNotExist: return HttpResponse(status=404) if request.method == 'GET': # 获取单个数据 serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet) return JsonResponse(serializer.data) if request.method == 'PUT': # 修改单个数据 data = JSONParser().parse(request) serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=data) if serializer.is_valid(): serializer.save() return JsonResponse(serializer.data) return JsonResponse(serializer.errors, status=400) if request.method == 'DELETE': # 删除单个数据 snippet.delete() return HttpResponse(status=204)
第二版
from rest_framework import status from rest_framework.decorators import api_view from rest_framework.response import Response from snippets.models import Snippet from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer @api_view(['GET', "POST"]) # get和post可以访问 def snippet_list(request, format=None): if request.method == 'GET': # get对应的方法，获取全部数据 snippets = Snippet.objects.all() serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True) return Response(serializer.data) if request.method == 'POST': # post对应的方法 serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=request.data) if serializer.is_valid(): # validated_data serializer.save() # ORM,保存到数据库中 return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) @api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE']) # 获取单个数据，put，delete对应的方法 def snippet_detail(request, pk, format=None): try: snippet = Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk) # ORM的模型的对象，一个 except Snippet.DoesNotExist: return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND) if request.method == 'GET': # 获取单条数据 serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet) return Response(serializer.data) if request.method == 'PUT': # 修改数据 serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=request.data) if serializer.is_valid(): serializer.save() return Response(serializer.data) return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) if request.method == 'DELETE': # 删除数据 snippet.delete() return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
第三版，使用APIView
from snippets.models import Snippet from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer from django.http import Http404 from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework import status class SnippetList(APIView): # 继承APIView def get(self, request, format=None): # get请求获取所有数据 snippets = Snippet.objects.all() # 查询数据 serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True) # 序列化 return Response(serializer.data) def post(self, request, format=None): # post请求 serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=request.data) # 序列化 if serializer.is_valid(): serializer.save() return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) class SnippetDetail(APIView): def get_object(self, pk): try: snippet = Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk) # ORM的模型的对象，一个 return snippet except Snippet.DoesNotExist: raise Http404 def get(self, request, pk, format=None): # 获取单条数据 snippet = self.get_object(pk) serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet) return Response(serializer.data) def put(self, request, pk, format=None): # 修改数据 snippet = self.get_object(pk) serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=request.data) if serializer.is_valid(): serializer.save() return Response(serializer.data) return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) def delete(self, request, pk, format=None): # 删除数据 snippet = self.get_object(pk) snippet.delete() return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
第四版，混入mixin
from snippets.models import Snippet from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer from rest_framework import mixins # 导入mixins from rest_framework import generics # 导入generics # ListModelMixin获取所有数据，CreateModelMixin创建数据 class SnippetList(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView): queryset = Snippet.objects.all() # filter() serializer_class = SnippetSerializer # 序列化对象 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 调用ListModelMixin下的list方法，获取所有数据 return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 调用CreateModelMixin下的create方法，添加数据 return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) # RetrieveModelMixin获取单条数据，UpdateModelMixin修改数据，DestroyModelMixin删除数据 class SnippetDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView): queryset = Snippet.objects.all() # filter() serializer_class = SnippetSerializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 调用RetrieveModelMixin下的retrieve方法，获取单条数据 return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 调用UpdateModelMixin下的update方法，修改数据 return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 调用DestroyModelMixin下的destroy方法，删除数据 return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
第五版，上面的在简化
from snippets.models import Snippet from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer from rest_framework import generics from rest_framework import permissions from snippets.permissions import IsOwnerOrReadOnly # generics.ListCreateAPIView继承了mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView # 获取所有数据（List），添加数据（Create） class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView): queryset = Snippet.objects.all() serializer_class = SnippetSerializer def perform_create(self, serializer): serializer.save(owner=self.request.user) # generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView继承了mixins.RetrieveModelMixin，mixins.UpdateModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin # 获取单个数据（Retrieve），修改数据（Update），删除数据（Destroy） class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): # 当获取单个数据，修改数据，删除数据的时候，就去父类RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView找 queryset = Snippet.objects.all() serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
