对Struts2进行单元测试，以struts 2.2.1.1为例 ，可以使用struts2发行包中的struts2-junit-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar，它里面提供了两个类StrutsTestCase、StrutsSpringTestCase，分别提供对纯struts应用和struts+spring整合时的单元测试支持。下面分别说明。
1.StrutsTestCase
首先准备一个纯struts2工程，建立工程过程略，但有如下的类：
Account.java,是bean
| package model; public class Account {
private String userName;
private String password; public Account() {
} public Account(String userName, String password) {
this.userName = userName;
this.password = password;
} public String getUserName() {
return userName;
} public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
} public String getPassword() {
return password;
} public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
} |
AccountAction.java
| package action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import model.Account; import java.util.logging.Logger; public class AccountAction extends ActionSupport{ private Account accountBean;
public String execute() throws Exception {
return SUCCESS;
} public void validate(){
if (accountBean.getUserName().length()==0){
addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name is required.");
} if (accountBean.getUserName().length()<5){
addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name must be at least 5 characters long.");
} if (accountBean.getUserName().length()>10){
addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name cannot be at more thant 10 characters long.");
}
} public Account getAccountBean() {
return accountBean;
} public void setAccountBean(Account accountBean) {
this.accountBean = accountBean;
}
} |
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测试类：
TestAccountAction.java
| package ut; import action.AccountAction;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationProvider;
import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase; import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.*;
public class TestAccountAction extends StrutsTestCase {
private AccountAction action;
private ActionProxy proxy;
private void init() {
proxy = getActionProxy("/createaccount"); //action url，可以写扩展名".action"也可以干脆不写
action = (AccountAction) proxy.getAction();
} public void testUserNameErrorMessage() throws Exception {
request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruc");
request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test"); init();
proxy.execute(); assertTrue("Problem There were no errors present in fieldErrors but there should have been one error present",
action.getFieldErrors().size() == 1);
assertTrue("Problem field account.userName not present in fieldErrors but it should have been",
action.getFieldErrors().containsKey("accountBean.userName"));
} public void testUserNameCorrect() throws Exception{
request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruce");
request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test"); init();
String result=proxy.execute(); assertTrue("Problem There were errors present in fieldErrors but there should not have been any errors present",
action.getFieldErrors().size()==0); assertEquals("Result returned form executing the action was not success but it should have been.",
"success", result); }
} |
测试逻辑比较简单，action中的validate方法会保证用户名长度在5－－9之间。
定义struts.xml，放在类路径的根目录下，而非web-inf/classes下，否则会找不到，不会加载你定义的内容。
| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd>
<struts>
<package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">
<result name="success">/index.jsp</result>
<result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts> |
至于action/result的定义中用到的jsp页面，不必真实存在，保持不为空就行，否则，action测试的时候，会说result未定义之类的错误，因为此测试会模拟action真实状态下的运行。运行，一切OK。
正因为会模拟真实状态下的运行，所以拦截器也会正常被触发，下面再定义一个拦截器测试一下：
MyInterceptor.java
| package interceptor; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor; public class MyInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor{ public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {
System.out.println("before processing");
String rst= actionInvocation.invoke();
System.out.println("bye bye "+actionInvocation.getProxy().getMethod());
return rst;
}
} |
修改一下struts.xml,加入拦截器的定义：
<package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<interceptors>
<interceptor name="testInterceptor" class="interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
</interceptors>
<action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">
<result name="success">/index.jsp</result>
<result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
<interceptor-ref name="testInterceptor"/>
</action>
</package> |
运行，控制台会输出：
before processing
bye bye execute
都是struts发行包提供的，其它不相关的jar不要加，尤其是以plugin.jar结尾的文件，更不要加struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar，加了会加载相关的东西，但这里却提供不了，导致测试无法运行。实际spring-beans-2.5.6.jar和spring-context-2.5.6.jar也不是必须的，但加了也无所谓，在StrutsSpringTestCase是需要的。另外，web.xml不需要配置，根本不会去这里找配置信息。
2.StrutsSpringTestCase
这个和前面的过程类似，需要的类分别如下。
MathAction.java
| package action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import service.MathService; public class MathAction extends ActionSupport{
private MathService service; public String execute() throws Exception {
ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("add.result",service.add(1,2));
return SUCCESS;
} public MathService getService() {
return service;
} public void setService(MathService service) {
this.service = service;
}
} |
MathService.java
| package service; public class MathService {
public int add(int a,int b){
return a+b;
}
} |
测试类TestMathAction，测试一下MathService.add是否能正确地返回两个数相加的值。
| import action.MathAction;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
import org.apache.struts2.StrutsSpringTestCase; public class TestMathAction extends StrutsSpringTestCase{
private MathAction action;
private ActionProxy proxy; protected String getContextLocations() {
return "spring/applicationContext.xml";
} private void init(){
proxy=getActionProxy("/add");
action=(MathAction)proxy.getAction();
}
public void testAdd() throws Exception{
init();
proxy.execute();
assertEquals(request.getAttribute("add.result"),3);
}
} |
这里有一个小trick，默认情况下，applicationContext.xml也要放在classpath的根目录下，但如果项目需要不放在那里，就要覆盖getContextLocations方法返回其class path，开头可以有也可以没有“/”，这里我放在包spring下，所以就返回spring/applicationContext.xml，至于struts和spring整合的配置就不用写了，想必大家都会。需要的jar在上面的基础上，加入struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar就行了，对了，两种测试都需要jsp-api.jar和servlet-api.jar，去tomcat里copy一份即可，junit.jar也是需要的（废话？！）
最新内容请见作者的GitHub页：http://qaseven.github.io/
