1.关键词
单元测试、spring、mockito
2.概述
单元测试目前已经成为项目中保证代码质量的一种必要方法，对于一些不易构造或者不易获取的对象通过mock的方式进行测试是一种很有效的处理办法。在基于spring的mock测试中，mock对象获取和使用的便利性可以提升单元测试代码的质量。
3.实现原理
Mock对象的注入使用注解和反射，对象注入依赖spring框架支持junit4提供的TestExcutionListeners监听器对象，在监听器中将mock对象注入到单元测试类中。
4.新建对象方式代码
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private IAccessServiceaccessService = Mockito.mock(IAccessService.class);
@BeforeClass
public static void beforeClass(){
// 构造并注入Mock对象ICmsProxyService
sceneConfigService.setAccessService(accessService);
}
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5.监听器方式代码
5.1 实现监听器
继承DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener类，
实现injectDependencies(TestContexttestContext)方法
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public class MockitoDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener extends
DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener {
@Override
protected void injectDependencies(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
super.injectDependencies(testContext);
init(testContext);
}
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5.2 利用反射注入mock对象
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private void init(final TestContext testContext)throws Exception {
Object bean = testContext.getTestInstance();
Field[] fields = bean.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
Annotation[] annotations = field.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
if(annotationinstanceof Mock){
//注入Mock实例
MockObject obj = new MockObject();
obj.setType(field.getType());
obj.setObj(Mockito.mock(field.getType()));
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(bean, obj.getObj());
mockObjectMap.put(field.getName(), obj);
}else if(annotation instanceofAutowired){
injectFields.add(field);
}
}
}
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AutowireCapableBeanFactory factory =testContext.getApplicationContext().getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();
//Autowired注解注入mock对象
for (Field field :injectFields) {
field.setAccessible(true);
Object object = field.get(bean);
if(objectinstanceof Proxy){
Class targetClass = AopUtils.getTargetClass(object);
if(targetClass ==null)
return;
Field[] targetFields =targetClass.getDeclaredFields();
for(Field targetField : targetFields){
targetField.setAccessible(true);
if(mockObjectMap.get(targetField.getName()) ==null){
continue;
}
targetField.set(getTargetObject(object,mockObjectMap.get(targetField.getName()).getType()),mockObjectMap.get(targetField.getName()).getObj());
}
}else{
Object realObject = factory.getBean(field.getName());
if(null != realObject){
Method[] methods = realObject.getClass().getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method method : methods) {
if(method.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("set" +field.getName())){
method.invoke(realObject, mockObjectMap.get(field.getName()).getObj());
}
}
}
}
}
}
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5.3 测试类配置
使用@TestExecutionListeners注解，引入监听器，需要mock的对象加上@Mock注解。
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@TestExecutionListeners({MockitoDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class})
public class AccessServiceImplTest extends BaseTestCase{
@Autowired
private IAccessServiceaccessService;
@Mock
private IPersonServicepersonService;
@Mock
private IAccessDaoaccessDao;
}
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6.总结
监听器的方式解放了代码中硬编码注入mock对象，使得代码简洁干净。
最新内容请见作者的GitHub页：http://qaseven.github.io/
