1 简介
2 官方实例
- 下边是官方给出的一个JSON实例数据，便于后续分析：
{
"store": {
"book": [
{
"category": "reference",
"author": "Nigel Rees",
"title": "Sayings of the Century",
"price": 8.95
},
{
"category": "fiction",
"author": "Evelyn Waugh",
"title": "Sword of Honour",
"price": 12.99
},
{
"category": "fiction",
"author": "Herman Melville",
"title": "Moby Dick",
"isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
"price": 8.99
},
{
"category": "fiction",
"author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",
"title": "The Lord of the Rings",
"isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
"price": 22.99
}
],
"bicycle": {
"color": "red",
"price": 19.95
}
}
}
3 JsonPath与XPath语法对比
Xpath |
JsonPath |
描述 |
/ |
$ |
根节点 |
. |
@ |
现行节点 |
/ |
. 或 [] |
取子节点 |
… |
无 |
取父节点，Jsonpath未支持 |
@ |
无 |
根据属性访问，Jsonpath未支持，因为Json是个Key-value递归结构，不支持属性访问 |
* |
* |
匹配所有元素节点 |
[] |
[] |
迭代器标示(可以在里面做简单的迭代操作，如数组下标，根据内容选值等) |
| 竖线 |
[,] |
支持迭代器中做多选。连接操作符在XPath 结果合并其它结点集合。Jsonpath允许name或者数组索引。 |
[] |
?() |
支持过滤操作 |
| 无 |
[start: end: step] |
数组分割操作从ES4借鉴 |
| 无 |
() |
脚本表达式，使用底层脚本引擎。支持表达式计算 |
() |
无 |
Xpath分组；JsonPath不支持 |
4 实例说明JsonPath与XPath语法
- 通过步骤2中的官方实例，简单看下
JsonPath与XPath语法的区别：
| XPath |
JsonPath |
描述 |
/store/book/author |
$.store.book[*].author |
获取店内所有书籍的作者 |
//author |
$..author |
获取所有作者 |
/store/* |
$.store.* |
获取store的所有元素。所有的book和bicycle |
/store//price |
$.store..price |
获取store里面所有东西的价格 |
//book[3] |
$..book[2] |
获取第三本书的所有信息 |
//book[last()] |
$..book[(@.length-1)] 或$..book[-1:] |
获取最后一本书的所有信息 |
//book[position()<3] |
$..book[0,1] 或 $..book[:2] |
获取前面两本书的所有信息 |
//book[isbn] |
$..book[?(@.isbn)] |
过滤出所有的包含isbn的书信息 |
//book[price<10] |
$..book[?(@.price<10)] |
过滤出价格低于10的书 |
//* |
$..* |
获取所有元素 |
5 Python中JsonPath模块
pip install jsonpath
6 Python中JsonPath使用
import jsonpath as jp
data = {
"store": {
"book": [
{
"category": "reference",
"author": "Nigel Rees",
"title": "Sayings of the Century",
"price": 8.95
},
{
"category": "fiction",
"author": "Evelyn Waugh",
"title": "Sword of Honour",
"price": 12.99
},
{
"category": "fiction",
"author": "Herman Melville",
"title": "Moby Dick",
"isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
"price": 8.99
},
{
"category": "fiction",
"author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",
"title": "The Lord of the Rings",
"isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
"price": 22.99
}
],
"bicycle": {
"color": "red",
"price": 19.95
}
}
}
author = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store.book[*].author')
print(author)
['Nigel Rees', 'Evelyn Waugh', 'Herman Melville', 'J. R. R. Tolkien']
all_aythor = jp.jsonpath(data, '$..author')
print(all_aythor)
['Nigel Rees', 'Evelyn Waugh', 'Herman Melville', 'J. R. R. Tolkien']
book_bicycle = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store.*')
print(book_bicycle)
[[{
'category': 'reference', 'author': 'Nigel Rees', 'title': 'Sayings of the Century', 'price': 8.95}, {
'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Evelyn Waugh', 'title': 'Sword of Honour', 'price': 12.99}, {
'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Herman Melville', 'title': 'Moby Dick', 'isbn': '0-553-21311-3', 'price': 8.99}, {
'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'J. R. R. Tolkien', 'title': 'The Lord of the Rings', 'isbn': '0-395-19395-8', 'price': 22.99}], {
'color': 'red', 'price': 19.95}]
price = jp.jsonpath(data, "$.store..price")
print(price)
[8.95, 12.99, 8.99, 22.99, 19.95]
last_book = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store..book[-1:]')
print(last_book)
[{
'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'J. R. R. Tolkien', 'title': 'The Lord of the Rings', 'isbn': '0-395-19395-8', 'price': 22.99}]
p = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store..book[?(@.price<10)]')
print(p)
[{
'category': 'reference', 'author': 'Nigel Rees', 'title': 'Sayings of the Century', 'price': 8.95}, {
'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Herman Melville', 'title': 'Moby Dick', 'isbn': '0-553-21311-3', 'price': 8.99}]
7 结合接口测试的实例
http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1/tokens
data = {
"account": "admin", "password": "123456"}
http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1/user
import jsonpath as jp
import requests
import json
base_url = "http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1"
token_url = base_url + "/tokens"
info_rurl = base_url + "/user"
header = {
"Content-Type": "application/json"}
data = {
"account": "admin", "password": "ZenTao123456"}
r_data = json.dumps(data)
r = requests.post(url=token_url, data=r_data, headers=header)
r_token = jp.jsonpath(r.json(), '$..token')
print(r_token)
data1 = {
"token": r_token[0]}
headers = dict(header, **data1)
r1 = requests.get(url=info_rurl, headers=headers)
print(r1.text)
['14333e8b34595c5d22794e14c401a125']
{
"profile":{
"id":1,"company":0,"type":"inside","dept":0,"account":"admin","role":
{
"code":"","name":""},
"realname":"admin","pinyin":"","nickname":"","commiter":"","avatar":null,"birthday":null,"gender":"f","email":"","skype":"","qq":"","mobile":"","phone":"","weixin":"","dingding":"","slack":"","whatsapp":"","address":"","zipcode":"","nature":null,"analysis":null,"strategy":null,"join":null,"visits":5,"visions":",rnd,lite,","ip":"127.0.0.1","last":"2023-07-31T06:14:45Z","fails":0,"locked":null,"feedback":"0","ranzhi":"","ldap":"","score":0,"scoreLevel":0,"resetToken":"","deleted":"0","clientStatus":"offline","clientLang":"zh-cn","admin":true,"superReviewer":false,"view":
{
"account":"admin","programs":"","products":"","projects":"","sprints":""}}}
