华为云centos7及以上版本 默认安装了MariaDB,所以安装MySQL之前需要先卸载 MariDB
1.卸载MariaDB
yum list installed | grep mariadb # 查询已安装mariadb yum -y remove mariadb* #移除已安装的mariadb yum list installed | grep mariadb # 在查询一遍,确保卸载干净了
2.下载RPM
cd /usr/local mkdir mysql cd mysql wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
3.安装rpm包,并确认yum源
rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
yum repolist all | grep mysql
5.安装mysql
yum install mysql-community-server
6.启动mysql
systemctl start mysqld
7.查找初次的密码
mysql密码一般存在 /var/log/mysqld.log文件中 cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep temporary # 查找临时密码 mysql -u root -p # 输入密码,登录mysql
8.修改默认密码
mysql 5.7开始密码不能太过简单,否则无法修改成功,因此需要先修改全局变量 mysql> set global validate_password_policy=LOW; mysql> set global validate_password_length=0; # 修改密码 ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY 'wingkin45';#wingkin为密码 flush privileges;
9.配置远程访问
# 登录mysql use mysql; update user set host='%' where user='root'; flush privileges; 自此mysql安装成功。
10.卸载mysql
yum -y remove mysql* #移除已安装的mysql
11.主从复制
前提条件:搭建好两台mysql,并且保证两台服务可以互相ping通,并且开放了3306端口
master: 192.168.140.101
slave: 192.168.140.102
能够互相ping通
配置master
先停止当前mysql,systemctl stop mysqld
执行vim /etc/my.cnf,修改mysql配置文件
# For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # 配置 binlog的存储位置,这个位置需要提前创建 log_bin=/var/lib/mysql/data/binlog/mysql-bin # 配置服务器id,必须唯一 server-id=1 # 配置同步写入策略,每次写入都同步 sync-binlog=1 # 配置 同步的数据库,多个可以配置多行记录 binlog-do-db=fanco # 二进制日志保留时间 expire-logs-days=7 # 不备份的数据库 binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-ignore-db=performation_schema binlog-ignore-db=sys # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
修改好my.cnf文件后,执行systemctl start mysqld
尝试重启mysql,不出意外的话,会报错。
错误1
mysqld: File ‘/var/lib/mysql/data/binlog/mysql-bin.index’ not found (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)
ps: 这里是因为 我们配置的 /var/lib/mysql/data/binlog/这个文件夹的权限并没有给mysql,导致mysql没有权限创建这个文件
解决方案:
chown mysql:mysql -R /var/lib/mysql
错误2
mysql报错Errcode: 13 “Permission denied”
ps: 这里是在处理从库 relay-log 中转日志爆出的这个错误
解决方案:
chmod -R 777 /var/lib/mysql
启动mysql成功后,登入查看
-- 执行show master status; mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 1032 | fanco | information_schema,performation_schema,sys | | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+ file表示binlog文件,position表示 slave服务器读取的位置,binlog_do_db表示 复制的数据库 binlog_ignore_db 表示 不复制的数据库
为master主机设置一个复制账号(user=aaaa,pwd=123456),并且授权
-- 1. 去除密码插件 uninstall plugin validate_password; -- 2. 创建新用户 CREATE USER 'aaaa'@'192.168.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; # 用户和密码 自定义 -- 3. 分配复制权限 *.* 所有数据库的所有表 grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to aaaa@'192.168.%.%' identified by '123456'; -- 4. 刷新权限 flush privileges; '192.168.%.%' 表示这个授权用户从哪台服务器host能够登录
配置 slave
修改my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin server-id=2 relay_log=/var/lib/mysql/data/binlog/mysql-relay-bin replicate-do-db=fanco read_only=1 log_slave_updates=1 # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
启动从服务器的复制线程
1.先在主节点执行下show master status;
mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 1680 | fanco | information_schema,performation_schema,sys | | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
2.在slave节点执行如下命令:
-- 绑定主服务器 change master to master_host='192.168.140.101', > master_user='fancocp', > master_password='123456', > master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', > master_log_pos=1680; 此处有报错,需要 chmod 设置权限 -- 启动复制线程 start slave; 如果一切正常,主从复制就会启动了 2021-12-21T12:12:01.904977Z 9 [Note] Slave I/O thread for channel '': connected to master 'fancocp@192.168.140.101:3306',replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000001' at position 1032
3.在主数据库增加一个记录,看从数据库是否会将数据同步过来。
4.查看从数据库状态
mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.140.101 # 主服务器ip Master_User: fancocp # 用于同步的数据库用户 Master_Port: 3306 # 端口 Connect_Retry: 60 # 重试时间 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 3904 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 3192 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: fanco Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 3904 Relay_Log_Space: 3399 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: f65ef6f1-623d-11ec-9502-000c291f0bc2 Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified
至此,mysql主从复制就算是配置好了
binlog相关的命令
# 查看是否开启binlog mysql>show binary logs; #查看binlog格式: mysql>show variables like 'binlog_format'; #获取binlog文件列表: mysql>show binary logs; #查看当前正在写入的binlog文件: mysql>show master status; #查看master上的binlog: mysql>show master logs; #只查看第一个binlog文件的内容: mysql>show binlog events; #查看指定binlog文件的内容: mysql>show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000045'; #清空所有的bin-log: mysql>reset master; #生成一个新的binlog: mysql>flush logs;
用bash查看binlog日志
mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000045
Docker安装
docker pull mysql:5.7 // 下载镜像 docker images // 查看镜像 // 运行mysql容器 docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql \ -v /mydata/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql \ -v /mydata/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \ -v /mydata/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql \ -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \ -d mysql:5.7 // 查看mysql是否运行 docker ps
来源:华为云社区