前言
- 本篇来学习Pod控制器-Deployment
Deployment(Deploy)
为了更好的解决服务编排的问题,kubernetes在V1.2版本开始,引入了Deployment控制器。值得一提的是,这种控制器并不直接管理pod,而是通过管理ReplicaSet来简介管理Pod,即:Deployment管理ReplicaSet,ReplicaSet管理Pod。所以Deployment比ReplicaSet功能更加强大。
Deployment主要功能有下面几个:
- 支持ReplicaSet的所有功能
- 支持发布的停止、继续
- 支持滚动升级和回滚版本
资源清单
apiVersion: apps/v1 # 版本号 kind: Deployment # 类型 metadata: # 元数据 name: # rs名称 namespace: # 所属命名空间 labels: #标签 controller: deploy spec: # 详情描述 replicas: 3 # 副本数量 revisionHistoryLimit: 3 # 保留历史版本 paused: false # 暂停部署,默认是false progressDeadlineSeconds: 600 # 部署超时时间(s),默认是600 strategy: # 策略 type: RollingUpdate # 滚动更新策略 rollingUpdate: # 滚动更新 maxSurge: 30% # 最大额外可以存在的副本数,可以为百分比,也可以为整数 maxUnavailable: 30% # 最大不可用状态的 Pod 的最大值,可以为百分比,也可以为整数 selector: # 选择器,通过它指定该控制器管理哪些pod matchLabels: # Labels匹配规则 app: nginx-pod matchExpressions: # Expressions匹配规则 - {key: app, operator: In, values: [nginx-pod]} template: # 模板,当副本数量不足时,会根据下面的模板创建pod副本 metadata: labels: app: nginx-pod spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.17.1 ports: - containerPort: 80
创建deployment
创建pc-deployment.yaml,内容如下:
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: pc-deployment namespace: dev spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx-pod template: metadata: labels: app: nginx-pod spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.17.1
# 创建deployment [root@master ~]# kubectl create -f pc-deployment.yaml deployment.apps/pc-deployment created # 查看deployment UP-TO-DATE 最新版本的pod的数量 AVAILABLE 当前可用的pod的数量 [root@master ~]# kubectl get deploy pc-deployment -n dev NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE pc-deployment 3/3 3 3 6s # 查看rs 发现rs的名称是在原来deployment的名字后面添加了一个10位数的随机串 [root@master ~]# kubectl get rs -n dev NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9 3 3 3 14s # 查看pod [root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-2n7xm 1/1 Running 0 69s pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-8l7rj 1/1 Running 0 69s pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-bmq8k 1/1 Running 0 69s
扩缩容
# 编辑deployment的副本数量,修改spec:replicas: 4即可 [root@master ~]# kubectl edit deploy pc-deployment -n dev deployment.apps/pc-deployment edited # 查看pod [root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-2n7xm 1/1 Running 0 5m58s pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-8l7rj 1/1 Running 0 5m58s pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-bmq8k 1/1 Running 0 5m58s pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-nzsk6 1/1 Running 0 55s # 命令修改 变更副本数量为5个 --replicas=5 [root@master ~]# kubectl scale deploy pc-deployment --replicas=5 -n dev deployment.apps/pc-deployment scaled # 查看deploy [root@master ~]# kubectl get deploy pc-deployment -n dev NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE pc-deployment 5/5 5 5 5m12s # 查看pod [root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-2n7xm 1/1 Running 0 5m23s pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-8l7rj 1/1 Running 0 5m23s pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-bmq8k 1/1 Running 0 5m23s pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-nzsk6 1/1 Running 0 20s pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-ztj9g 1/1 Running 0 20s
镜像更新
deployment支持两种更新策略:重建更新
和滚动更新
,可以通过strategy
指定策略类型,支持两个属性:
strategy:# 指定新的Pod替换旧的Pod的策略, 支持两个属性: type: # 指定策略类型,支持两种策略 Recreate: # 在创建出新的Pod之前会先杀掉所有已存在的Pod RollingUpdate: # 滚动更新,就是杀死一部分,就启动一部分,在更新过程中,存在两个版本Pod rollingUpdate: # 当type为RollingUpdate时生效,用于为RollingUpdate设置参数,支持两个属性: maxUnavailable:# 用来指定在升级过程中不可用Pod的最大数量,默认为25%。 maxSurge:# 用来指定在升级过程中可以超过期望的Pod的最大数量,默认为25%。
重建更新
- 编辑pc-deployment.yaml,在spec节点下添加更新策略
spec: strategy: # 策略 type: Recreate # 重建更新
- 创建deploy进行验证
# 变更镜像 [root@master ~]# kubectl set image deployment pc-deployment nginx=nginx:1.17.2 -n dev deployment.apps/pc-deployment image updated # 观察升级过程 [root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev -w NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-2n7xm 1/1 Running 0 5h54m pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-8l7rj 1/1 Running 0 5h54m pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-bmq8k 1/1 Running 0 5h54m pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-nzsk6 1/1 Running 0 5h49m
滚动更新
- 编辑pc-deployment.yaml,在spec节点下添加更新策略
spec: strategy: # 策略 type: RollingUpdate # 滚动更新策略 rollingUpdate: maxSurge: 25% maxUnavailable: 25%
- 创建deploy进行验证
# # 变更镜像 [root@master ~]# kubectl set image deployment pc-deployment nginx=nginx:1.17.3 -n dev deployment.apps/pc-deployment image updated # 查看升级过程 [root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev -w NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pc-deployment-675d469f8b-2mxbk 1/1 Running 0 5m4s pc-deployment-675d469f8b-4b62t 1/1 Running 0 5m6s pc-deployment-675d469f8b-4x5jw 1/1 Running 0 5m6s pc-deployment-675d469f8b-zwtdk 1/1 Running 0 4m53s
- 滚动更新过程
- 镜像中rs变化
# 查看rs,发现原来的rs的依旧存在,只是pod数量变为了0,而后又新产生了一个rs,pod数量为4 [root@master ~]# kubectl get rs -n dev NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9 0 0 0 6h5m pc-deployment-675d469f8b 0 0 0 11m pc-deployment-7865c58bdf 4 4 4 5m30s
版本回退
deployment支持版本升级过程中的暂停、继续功能以及版本回退等诸多功能,下面具体来看.
kubectl rollout: 版本升级相关功能,支持下面的选项:
- status 显示当前升级状态
- history 显示 升级历史记录
- pause 暂停版本升级过程
- resume 继续已经暂停的版本升级过程
- restart 重启版本升级过程
- undo 回滚到上一级版本(可以使用–to-revision回滚到指定版本)
# 删除之前的rs [root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f pc-deployment.yaml deployment.apps "pc-deployment" deleted # 新建rs [root@master ~]# kubectl create -f pc-deployment.yaml --record deployment.apps/pc-deployment created # 查看rs [root@master ~]# kubectl get rs -n dev NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9 3 3 3 20s # 升级image [root@master ~]# kubectl set image deployment pc-deployment nginx=nginx:1.17.3 -n dev deployment.apps/pc-deployment image updated # 查看当前升级版本的状态 [root@master ~]# kubectl rollout status deploy pc-deployment -n dev deployment "pc-deployment" successfully rolled out # 查看升级历史记录 [root@master ~]# kubectl rollout history deploy pc-deployment -n dev deployment.apps/pc-deployment REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE # CHANGE-CAUSE 前面创建时 未加--record ,此处为 None 1 kubectl create --filename=pc-deployment.yaml --record=true 2 kubectl create --filename=pc-deployment.yaml --record=true # 版本回滚 # 这里直接使用--to-revision=1回滚到了1版本, 如果省略这个选项,就是回退到上个版本 [root@master ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment pc-deployment --to-revision=1 -n dev deployment.apps/pc-deployment rolled back # 查看deploy 发现,通过nginx镜像版本可以发现到了第一版 [root@master ~]# kubectl get deploy -n dev -o wide NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR pc-deployment 3/3 3 3 6m21s nginx nginx:1.17.1 app=nginx-pod # 其实deployment之所以可是实现版本的回滚,就是通过记录下历史rs来实现的, # 一旦想回滚到哪个版本,只需要将当前版本pod数量降为0,然后将回滚版本的pod提升为目标数量就可以了 [root@master ~]# kubectl get rs -n dev NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9 3 3 3 7m30s pc-deployment-7865c58bdf 0 0 0 6m45s
金丝雀发布
Deployment控制器支持控制更新过程中的控制,如“暂停(pause)”或“继续(resume)”更新操作。
比如有一批新的Pod资源创建完成后立即暂停更新过程,此时,仅存在一部分新版本的应用,主体部分还是旧的版本。然后,再筛选一小部分的用户请求路由到新版本的Pod应用,继续观察能否稳定地按期望的方式运行。确定没问题之后再继续完成余下的Pod资源滚动更新,否则立即回滚更新操作。这就是所谓的金丝雀发布。
# 更新deployment的版本,并配置暂停deployment [root@master ~]# kubectl set image deploy pc-deployment nginx=nginx:1.17.4 -n dev && kubectl rollout pause deployment pc-deployment -n dev deployment.apps/pc-deployment image updated deployment.apps/pc-deployment paused # 观察更新状态 监控更新的过程,可以看到已经新增了一个资源,但是并未按照预期的状态去删除一个旧的资源,就是因为使用了pause暂停命令 [root@master ~]# kubectl rollout status deploy pc-deployment -n dev Waiting for deployment "pc-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... [root@master ~]# kubectl get rs -n dev -o wide NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9 3 3 3 11m nginx nginx:1.17.1 app=nginx-pod,pod-template-hash=5d89bdfbf9 pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb 1 1 0 15s nginx nginx:1.17.4 app=nginx-pod,pod-template-hash=6c9f5 # 继续更新 [root@master ~]# kubectl rollout resume deploy pc-deployment -n dev deployment.apps/pc-deployment resumed # 查看更新后情况 NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9 0 0 0 17m nginx nginx:1.17.1 app=nginx-pod,pod-template-hash=5d89bdfbf9 pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb 3 3 3 6m39s nginx nginx:1.17.4 app=nginx-pod,pod-template- [root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb-48n7p 1/1 Running 0 5m40s pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb-ltjs7 1/1 Running 0 6m7s pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb-wxkm4 1/1 Running 0 7m12s
删除Deployment
# 删除deployment,其下的rs和pod也将被删除 [root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f pc-deployment.yaml deployment.apps "pc-deployment" deleted