WPF以其丰富灵活的控件样式设计，相较于WinForm而言，一直是工控组态软件的宠儿。经过上一篇文章的学习，已经对WPF开发工控组态软件有了一个基本的了解， 今天继续学习冷却塔和空气压缩机的开发，仅供学习分享使用，如有不足之处，还请指正。
设计知识点
关于本示例中，涉及的知识点，如下所示：
- 自定义用户控件，用户可以根据业务需要自定义控件，将普通的控件进行组合，封装，以满足特定的功能，并达到复用的目的。
- WPF形状，动画，可以通过选择，移动，变形等相关功能，改变控件的呈现形状。
- 依赖属性，WPF可以通过依赖属性进行数据的绑定，实现UI与业务逻辑的解耦。
冷却塔CoolingTower
冷却塔组成拆解
关于冷却塔的组成部分，经过拆解如下所示：
- 顶部一个经过旋转和缩放的风扇（Path）
- 一个椭圆形（Ellipse）和一个路径形状（Path），使得椭圆看起来像立体一样
- 一个不规则形状多边形（Ploygon）
- 一个四边形（Border），两个圆形指示灯（Border），两个四边形底座（Border），表示前景和侧面。
经过以上分析，不难发现，复杂的图形均是由简单的图形组合起来的。
冷却塔示例截图
冷却塔正常运转时，绿灯亮且风扇转动，异常时红灯亮，且风扇停止。截图如下所示：
冷却塔源码
冷却塔源码分为三个组成部分，如下所示：
1. 控件布局
控件布局主要是排版布局形状等内容。如下所示：
<Viewbox HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"> <Canvas Width="205" Height="245" Margin="5"> <Polygon Points="0,65 40,10 205,10 180,65 " Fill="#EEE"></Polygon> <Path Data="M0 0 A60 15 0 0 0 120 0 L120 25 A60 15 0 0 1 0 25" Canvas.Left="45" Canvas.Top="15"> <Path.Fill> <LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="1,0" StartPoint="0,0"> <GradientStop Color="#FFD6D6D6" Offset="0"></GradientStop> <GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0.52"></GradientStop> <GradientStop Color="#FFD6D6D6" Offset="1"></GradientStop> </LinearGradientBrush> </Path.Fill> </Path> <Ellipse Width="120" Height="30" Fill="#CCC" Canvas.Left="45"></Ellipse> <Border Canvas.Left="52" Canvas.Top="-38"> <Viewbox Width="105" Height="105" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5"> <Viewbox.RenderTransform> <TransformGroup> <RotateTransform Angle="20" x:Name="rt"></RotateTransform> <ScaleTransform ScaleY="0.25"></ScaleTransform> </TransformGroup> </Viewbox.RenderTransform> <Path Stretch="Fill" Data="M261.851429 528.822857c-43.885714-24.868571-84.845714-23.405714-121.417143 5.851429-35.108571 26.331429-49.737143 62.902857-43.885715 106.788571 5.851429 38.034286 19.017143 74.605714 40.96 108.251429 21.942857 35.108571 46.811429 59.977143 76.068572 74.605714 78.994286 40.96 147.748571 29.257143 207.725714-35.108571 19.017143-20.48 33.645714-43.885714 46.811429-73.142858 14.628571-32.182857 23.405714-61.44 24.868571-90.697142 0-14.628571 7.314286-21.942857 19.017143-21.942858s19.017143 5.851429 24.868571 16.091429c17.554286 51.2 14.628571 99.474286-10.24 143.36-24.868571 43.885714-21.942857 84.845714 4.388572 119.954286 26.331429 35.108571 62.902857 49.737143 106.788571 42.422857 38.034286-5.851429 74.605714-19.017143 108.251429-40.96 35.108571-21.942857 59.977143-46.811429 74.605714-76.068572 40.96-78.994286 29.257143-147.748571-36.571428-206.262857-20.48-19.017143-43.885714-35.108571-73.142858-48.274285-32.182857-14.628571-61.44-23.405714-90.697142-24.868572-14.628571 0-21.942857-7.314286-21.942858-19.017143s5.851429-20.48 17.554286-23.405714c20.48-7.314286 40.96-11.702857 62.902857-11.702857 27.794286 0 54.125714 7.314286 78.994286 20.48 43.885714 24.868571 84.845714 23.405714 121.417143-4.388572 35.108571-26.331429 49.737143-62.902857 43.885714-106.788571-5.851429-38.034286-19.017143-74.605714-40.96-108.251429-21.942857-35.108571-46.811429-59.977143-76.068571-74.605714-78.994286-40.96-147.748571-29.257143-207.725715 35.108572-19.017143 20.48-33.645714 45.348571-46.811428 73.142857-14.628571 32.182857-23.405714 62.902857-24.868572 90.697143 0 13.165714-7.314286 20.48-19.017142 21.942857s-20.48-5.851429-24.868572-16.091429c-7.314286-20.48-10.24-40.96-10.24-64.365714 0-27.794286 7.314286-54.125714 20.48-78.994286 24.868571-43.885714 21.942857-84.845714-4.388571-119.954286-26.331429-35.108571-61.44-49.737143-105.325715-43.885714-38.034286 5.851429-74.605714 19.017143-108.251428 40.96-35.108571 21.942857-59.977143 46.811429-76.068572 76.068572-40.96 78.994286-29.257143 147.748571 36.571429 207.725714 20.48 19.017143 45.348571 35.108571 73.142857 48.274286 32.182857 14.628571 61.44 21.942857 90.697143 23.405714 14.628571 0 21.942857 7.314286 21.942857 19.017143s-5.851429 20.48-17.554286 24.868571c-49.737143 17.554286-98.011429 14.628571-141.897142-10.24m279.405714-46.811428c8.777143 8.777143 11.702857 17.554286 11.702857 29.257142s-4.388571 21.942857-11.702857 30.72c-8.777143 7.314286-17.554286 11.702857-29.257143 11.702858s-21.942857-4.388571-30.72-11.702858c-8.777143-8.777143-11.702857-19.017143-11.702857-30.72s4.388571-21.942857 11.702857-29.257142c8.777143-8.777143 19.017143-13.165714 30.72-13.165715 11.702857 1.462857 20.48 4.388571 29.257143 13.165715z" Fill="#EEE"> </Path> </Viewbox> </Border> <Grid Width="180" Height="180" Canvas.Top="65" Background="#E0E0E0"> <Border VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="140" BorderThickness="10"> <Border.Background> <DrawingBrush TileMode="Tile" ViewportUnits="Absolute" Viewport="1,0,25,1"> <DrawingBrush.Drawing> <GeometryDrawing> <GeometryDrawing.Pen> <Pen Brush="#EEE"></Pen> </GeometryDrawing.Pen> <GeometryDrawing.Geometry> <PathGeometry> <PathFigure> <LineSegment Point="10,0"></LineSegment> <LineSegment Point="10,10"></LineSegment> </PathFigure> </PathGeometry> </GeometryDrawing.Geometry> </GeometryDrawing> </DrawingBrush.Drawing> </DrawingBrush> </Border.Background> </Border> <Grid Height="50" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Border Background="DarkGray" Grid.Column="0" Margin="5,0"></Border> <Border Background="DarkGray" Grid.Column="1" Margin="5,0"></Border> </Grid> </Grid> <Grid Width="180" Height="180" Canvas.Top="65" Canvas.Left="180" Background="#E0E0E0"> <Grid.RenderTransform> <TransformGroup> <ScaleTransform ScaleX="0.139"></ScaleTransform> <SkewTransform AngleY="-65.5"></SkewTransform> </TransformGroup> </Grid.RenderTransform> <Border VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="140" BorderThickness="10"> <Border.Background> <DrawingBrush TileMode="Tile" ViewportUnits="Absolute" Viewport="1,0,25,1"> <DrawingBrush.Drawing> <GeometryDrawing> <GeometryDrawing.Pen> <Pen Brush="#EEE"></Pen> </GeometryDrawing.Pen> <GeometryDrawing.Geometry> <PathGeometry> <PathFigure> <LineSegment Point="10,0"></LineSegment> <LineSegment Point="10,10"></LineSegment> </PathFigure> </PathGeometry> </GeometryDrawing.Geometry> </GeometryDrawing> </DrawingBrush.Drawing> </DrawingBrush> </Border.Background> </Border> <Grid Height="50" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Border Background="DarkGray" Grid.Column="0" Margin="5,0"></Border> <Border Background="DarkGray" Grid.Column="1" Margin="5,0"></Border> </Grid> </Grid> <Border Width="18" Height="18" CornerRadius="10" Canvas.Left="150" Canvas.Top="80"> <Border.Background> <RadialGradientBrush> <GradientStop Color="Gray" Offset="0.6" x:Name="gsGreen"></GradientStop> <GradientStop Color="White"></GradientStop> </RadialGradientBrush> </Border.Background> </Border> <Border Width="18" Height="18" CornerRadius="10" Canvas.Left="150" Canvas.Top="105"> <Border.Background> <RadialGradientBrush> <GradientStop Color="Gray" Offset="0.6" x:Name="gsRed"></GradientStop> <GradientStop Color="White"></GradientStop> </RadialGradientBrush> </Border.Background> </Border> </Canvas> </Viewbox>
2. 状态管理
冷却塔有两个状态，正常运行状态和异常状态，分别对应不同的呈现。如下所示：
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <VisualStateGroup> <VisualState x:Name="normalState"> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.5" From="0" To="-360" RepeatBehavior="Forever" Storyboard.TargetName="rt" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Angle"></DoubleAnimation> <ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="gsGreen" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color"> <DiscreteColorKeyFrame Value="Green" KeyTime="0"></DiscreteColorKeyFrame> </ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames> </Storyboard> </VisualState> <VisualState x:Name="errorState"> <Storyboard> <ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="gsRed" RepeatBehavior="Forever" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" Duration="0:0:1"> <DiscreteColorKeyFrame Value="Red" KeyTime="0:0:0.5"></DiscreteColorKeyFrame> <DiscreteColorKeyFrame Value="Gray" KeyTime="0:0:1"></DiscreteColorKeyFrame> </ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames> </Storyboard> </VisualState> </VisualStateGroup> </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
3. 依赖属性
在本示例中，依赖属性主要用于控制状态，如下所示：
namespace WpfControl.UserControls { /// <summary> /// CoolingTower.xaml 的交互逻辑 /// </summary> public partial class CoolingTower : UserControl { public RunningState RunningState { get { return (RunningState)GetValue(RunningStateProperty); } set { SetValue(RunningStateProperty, value); } } // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for RunningState. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc... public static readonly DependencyProperty RunningStateProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("RunningState", typeof(RunningState), typeof(CoolingTower), new PropertyMetadata(default(RunningState), RunningStateChangedCallback)); private static void RunningStateChangedCallback(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) { RunningState value = (RunningState)e.NewValue; VisualStateManager.GoToState(d as CoolingTower, value == RunningState.Normal ? "normalState" : "errorState", false); } public CoolingTower() { InitializeComponent(); } } }
4. 调用示例
组件写好后，调用非常简单，如下所示：
<Window x:Class="WpfControl.TestWindow2" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfControl" xmlns:uctrl="clr-namespace:WpfControl.UserControls" mc:Ignorable="d" Title="冷却塔" Height="450" Width="800"> <Grid> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <uctrl:CoolingTower Grid.Column="0" RunningState="Error" Width="100" Height="100"></uctrl:CoolingTower> <uctrl:CoolingTower Grid.Column="1" RunningState="Normal" Width="100" Height="100"></uctrl:CoolingTower> </Grid> </Window>
空气压缩机AirCompresser
空气压缩机功能拆解
关于空气压缩式机的组成部分，经过拆解如下所示：
- 左侧一个四边形（Path）
- 顶部一个四边形（Path）
- 前景一个四边形（Path），两条线（Line）
- 两个小圆点（Ellipse）
- 底部一个四边形（Border）
- 右上角指示灯（Ellipse）
经过以上分析，不难发现，空气压缩机均是由简单的图形组合起来的。
空气压缩机示例截图
空气压缩式机同样包括两种状态，正常状态，绿灯亮和异常状态，红灯闪烁。示例截图如下所示：
空气压缩机源码
空气压缩机源码分为三个组成部分，如下所示：
1. 页面布局
页面布局主要进行控件的排版，如下所示：
<Viewbox Stretch="Fill"> <Grid> <Path x:Name="left" Data="M0,0,0,200,80,300,80,70" Fill="Gray"></Path> <Path x:Name="top" Data="M0,0,80,70,400,60,320 -10" Fill="Gray"></Path> <Path x:Name="front" Data="M80,300,80,70,400,60,400,280" Fill="LightGray"></Path> <Line x:Name="l1" X1="180" X2="180" Y1="66" Y2="280" StrokeThickness="1" Stroke="Gray"></Line> <Line x:Name="l2" X1="280" X2="280" Y1="66" Y2="280" StrokeThickness="1" Stroke="Gray"></Line> <Ellipse x:Name="c1" Width="10" Height="10" Fill="DarkGray"></Ellipse> <Ellipse x:Name="c2" Width="10" Height="10" Fill="DarkGray" Margin="0,3,80,0"></Ellipse> <Border x:Name="bottom" Height="22" Background="DarkGray" Margin="80,0,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"> <Border.RenderTransform> <SkewTransform AngleY="-4"></SkewTransform> </Border.RenderTransform> </Border> <Ellipse x:Name="alarm" Width="18" Height="18" Margin="0,80,10,0" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Top"> <Ellipse.Fill> <SolidColorBrush Color="LightGray"></SolidColorBrush> </Ellipse.Fill> </Ellipse> </Grid> </Viewbox>
2. 状态管理
空气压缩机主要有两种状态，分别表示不同的运行情况，如下所示：
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <VisualStateGroup> <VisualState x:Name="errorState"> <Storyboard RepeatBehavior="Forever"> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.5" From="White" To="Red" BeginTime="0:0:0" Storyboard.TargetName="alarm" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Fill.Color"></ColorAnimation> </Storyboard> </VisualState> <VisualState x:Name="normalSate"> <Storyboard RepeatBehavior="Forever"> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" From="LightGreen" To="LightGreen" BeginTime="0:0:0" Storyboard.TargetName="alarm" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Fill.Color"></ColorAnimation> </Storyboard> </VisualState> </VisualStateGroup> </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
3. 依赖属性
空气压缩机的依赖属性和冷却塔相似，如下所示：
namespace WpfControl.UserControls { /// <summary> /// AirCompresser.xaml 的交互逻辑 /// </summary> public partial class AirCompresser : UserControl { public RunningState RunningState { get { return (RunningState)GetValue(RunningStateProperty); } set { SetValue(RunningStateProperty, value); } } // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for RunningState. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc... public static readonly DependencyProperty RunningStateProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("RunningState", typeof(RunningState), typeof(AirCompresser), new PropertyMetadata(default(RunningState),RunningStateChangedCallback)); private static void RunningStateChangedCallback(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) { RunningState value = (RunningState)e.NewValue; VisualStateManager.GoToState(d as AirCompresser, value == RunningState.Error ? "errorState" : "normalSate", false); } public AirCompresser() { InitializeComponent(); } } }
4. 调用示例
调用空气压缩机示例，如下所示：
<Window x:Class="WpfControl.TestWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfControl" xmlns:uctrl="clr-namespace:WpfControl.UserControls" mc:Ignorable="d" Title="空气压缩机示例" Height="450" Width="800"> <Grid> <uctrl:AirCompresser Width="150" Height="100" RunningState="Error" Margin="10,10,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top"></uctrl:AirCompresser> <uctrl:AirCompresser Width="150" Height="100" RunningState="Normal" Margin="50,200,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top"></uctrl:AirCompresser> <uctrl:AirCompresser Width="150" Height="100" RunningState="Normal" Margin="0,0,10,10" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"></uctrl:AirCompresser> <uctrl:AirCompresser Width="150" Height="100" RunningState="Error" Margin="0,0,50,200" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"></uctrl:AirCompresser> </Grid> </Window>
备注
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